Toxicity and safety study of silver and gold nanoparticles functionalized with cysteine and glutathione

• Barbara Pem,
• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Lea Ulm,
• Ivan Pavičić,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ljubojević,
• Adela Krivohlavek and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1802–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.175

• Zagreb, Croatia 10.3762/bjnano.10.175 Abstract This study was designed to evaluate the nano–bio interactions between endogenous biothiols (cysteine and glutathione) with biomedically relevant, metallic nanoparticles (silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)), in order to assess the

• with time. Transmission electron micrographs of silver (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) prepared in the presence of cysteine (CYS) or glutathione (GSH). (a) Viability of L929 cells exposed to silver (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) stabilized with cysteine (CYS) or glutathione (GSH), Ag

• reflective spots (g), while NP reflectance signals are visible as bright red signals and indicated by white arrows (c,d). The effect of silver (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) stabilized with cysteine (CYS) or glutathione (GSH), Ag+ and Au3+ ions on (a) total DNA damage and (b) DNA double-stranded

Growth dynamics and light scattering of gold nanoparticles in situ synthesized at high concentration in thin polymer films

• Corentin Guyot,
• Philippe Vandestrick,
• Ingrid Marenne,
• Olivier Deparis and
• Michel Voué

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1768–1777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.172

• inorganic film by, e.g., thermal annealing. Results: Simple laser reflection experiments showed that this growth process induced light scattering at the film/air interface. We report on this phenomenon, considering the growth dynamics of gold nanoparticles in a polymer film. The scattering of light was

• properties of plasmonic nanocomposite materials from experimental, theoretical as well as numerical points of view [1][2]. Metal nanoparticles (NPs) play a central role in the development of nanotechnology-based optical devices. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are used in spectrally selective coatings to block

Highly ordered mesoporous silica film nanocomposites containing gold nanoparticles for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol

• Mohamad Azani Jalani,
• Leny Yuliati,
• Siew Ling Lee and
• Hendrik O. Lintang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1368–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.135

• synthesis method using discotic trinuclear gold(I) pyrazolate complex, were successfully utilized for the fabrication of thin film mesoporous silica nanocomposites containing gold nanoparticles. The material exhibited a highly ordered hexagonal structure when subjected to a thermal hydrogen reduction

• treatment at 210 °C. In contrast, when the material was subjected to calcination as a heat treatment from 190 to 450 °C, the thin film nanocomposites showed an intense d100 X-ray diffraction peak. Moreover, gold nanoparticles inside the thin film nanocomposites were confirmed by the presence of the d111

• . Such catalytic activity is due to the presence of gold nanoparticles of smaller size in the silicate channels of the highly ordered mesoporous film nanocomposites. Keywords: catalyst; gold nanoparticle; mesoporous silica; nanocomposite; thermal hydrogen reduction; 4-nitrophenol reduction

Construction of a 0D/1D composite based on Au nanoparticles/CuBi₂O₄ microrods for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity

• Weilong Shi,
• Mingyang Li,
• Hongji Ren,
• Feng Guo,
• Xiliu Huang,
• Yu Shi and
• Yubin Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1360–1367, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.134

• content, the photocatalytic degradation rate of TC firstly increased to a maximum of 93% (2.5 wt % Au/CBO), then decreased again when more Au NPs are added to the composite system. This phenomenon may be connected with excessive gold nanoparticles hindering the absorption of visible light. In addition

A silver-nanoparticle/cellulose-nanofiber composite as a highly effective substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Yongxin Lu,
• Yan Luo,
• Zehao Lin and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1270–1279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.126

• bacterial nanocellulose adsorbed with gold nanoparticles in the form of a hydrogel had a detection limit of 1 × 10−9 M for R6G [54], the Au–Ag bimetallic microfluidic SERS sensor had a detection limit of 1 × 10−13 M for the same analyte [64]; and a detection limit of 1 × 10−6 M was offered by a hybrid

Enhanced inhibition of influenza virus infection by peptide–noble-metal nanoparticle conjugates

• Zaid K. Alghrair,
• David G. Fernig and
• Bahram Ebrahimi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1038–1047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.104

• ; gold nanoparticles; influenza virus; lytic infection; silver nanoparticles; Introduction The influenza (“flu”) type-A virus is a major health concern for humans and livestock animals. The primary mode of transmission is by the respiratory route. Flu infection occurs seasonally and can cause global

• greater antiviral activity than the free peptide, making this a viable tool for the development of a peptide formulation that efficiently combats seasonal, pandemic, and zoonotic influenza infections. Results and Discussion Stability of FluPep functionalised gold nanoparticles The mixed-matrix ligand

• shell of 70:30 (mol/mol) peptidol and alkanethiol ethylene glycol assembled on gold nanoparticles has a well-characterised stability with respect to ligand exchange and non-specific binding [26][27], but the effect of incorporating the FluPep amino acid sequence at the C-terminus of the CVVVT matrix

Correlation of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with the surface density of gold nanoparticles: evaluation of the critical number of SERS tags for a detectable signal

• Vincenzo Amendola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1016–1023, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.102

• assays and nanomedicine. To this end, a crucial parameter is the minimum number of SERS tags that allows for the collection of intense Raman signals under real operating conditions. Here, SERS Au nanotags (AuNTs) based on clustered gold nanoparticles are deposited on a substrate and analyzed in the same

• suitability of plasmonic SERS labels for ultrasensitive analytical and biomedical applications is evident. Keywords: discrete dipole approximation (DDA); gold nanoparticles (AuNPs); nanotags; surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS); surface plasmon resonance (SPR); Introduction In surface-enhanced Raman

Structural and optical properties of penicillamine-protected gold nanocluster fractions separated by sequential size-selective fractionation

• Xiupei Yang,
• Zhengli Yang,
• Fenglin Tang,
• Jing Xu,
• Maoxue Zhang and
• Martin M. F. Choi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 955–966, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.96

• . We conclude that the AuNCs here are primarily protected by the Au–S bonds. However, we cannot rule out that a small amount of Au–N bonds are present in the clusters. X-ray photoelectron analysis XPS can be used not only to analyze the properties of S–Au bonds in gold nanoparticles, but also to

Self-assembly and wetting properties of gold nanorod–CTAB molecules on HOPG

• Imtiaz Ahmad,
• Floor Derkink,
• Tim Boulogne,
• Pantelis Bampoulis,
• Harold J. W. Zandvliet,
• Hidayat Ullah Khan,
• Rahim Jan and
• E. Stefan Kooij

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 696–705, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.69

• ][25], catalytic [26][27][28][29], photonic [30][31][32][33][34], plasmonic [35][36][37][38][39], and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) [40][41][42] applications. In relation to our system consisting of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-coated gold nanoparticles, it has also been observed

Hydrophilicity and carbon chain length effects on the gas sensing properties of chemoresistive, self-assembled monolayer carbon nanotube sensors

• Juan Casanova-Cháfer,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Eduard Llobet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 565–577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.58

• the gold nanoparticles creating SAMs (see Figure S2, Supporting Information File 1), which differed in their terminal functional groups and in the length of their carbon chain. This enables studying the effects of hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity of terminal functional groups and carbon chain length

• quantitative XPS results indicating that the Au content was 5.7 wt % in these samples). A monomodal distribution of Au nanoparticles is obtained with average diameter of about 4 nm. The gold nanoparticles appear very close one to another (typically 10 nm apart), which will affect the gas sensing mechanism, as

• will be discussed in detail below. The crystallinity of oxygen-plasma-treated MWCNTs decorated with gold nanoparticles was characterized by Raman spectroscopy. Taking the intensity ratio of the D/G bands into consideration, the material presents a low level of crystallinity with defects caused by the

Gold nanoparticles embedded in a polymer as a 3D-printable dichroic nanocomposite material

• Lars Kool,
• Anton Bunschoten,
• Aldrik H. Velders and
• Vittorio Saggiomo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 442–447, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.43

• way, 3D objects. Results: In this paper we show how to fabricate a 3D-printable nanocomposite composed of dichroic gold nanoparticles and a 3D-printable polymer. The minute amount of gold nanoparticles used for obtaining the dichroic effect does not influence the mechanical properties of the polymer

• , for example, for the 3D fabrication of optical filters. Keywords: 3D printing; dichroism; gold nanoparticles; nanocomposite; Introduction As evidenced by paleolithic cave paintings [1], humans have always been fascinated by colors. Next to the traditional inorganic and organic colorants

• due to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of different sizes and shapes [9][10]. However, only the Lycurgus cup, now stored in the British Museum, and six other broken pieces showing the same dichroic effect were found worldwide, hinting that the achievement of such an optical

Thermal control of the defunctionalization of supported Au₂₅(glutathione)₁₈ catalysts for benzyl alcohol oxidation

• Zahraa Shahin,
• Hyewon Ji,
• Rodica Chiriac,
• Nadine Essayem,
• Franck Rataboul and
• Aude Demessence

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 228–237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.21

• . However, the decrease in catalytic activity of (A400), with a lower TOF value (123 h−1), though it was fully defunctionalized, is related to the sintering of the gold nanoparticles, where bigger 2.0 ± 0.7 nm particles were observed on the TEM images. This means that both the defunctionalization and the

• did not inhibit high catalytic activity, in contrast, it was enhanced, which was similar to a recent reported work [25]. The catalyst performance was compared to a catalyst synthesized by the deposition-precipitation method of gold nanoparticles on ZrO2 nanoparticles, compound (B). The average

• ). They both reached 90% conversion after 15 h. This shows that when gold nanoparticles have a diameter more than 2 nm, they act in a similar catalytic manner, but still have slower catalytic activity compared to the partially calcined composite material (A300) (Table 1). At the selectivity level of 50

Targeting strategies for improving the efficacy of nanomedicine in oncology

• Gonzalo Villaverde and
• Alejandro Baeza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 168–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.16

• selective delivery to these organelles [49]. The peptide Lys–Asp–Glu–Leu (KDEL) has been anchored on gold nanoparticles loaded with siRNA for the selective delivery of the genetic material into the endoplasmic reticulum [50]. The main mechanism for the internalization of nanoparticles within mammalian cells

Sputtering of silicon nanopowders by an argon cluster ion beam

• Xiaomei Zeng,
• Vasiliy Pelenovich,
• Zhenguo Wang,
• Wenbin Zuo,
• Sergey Belykh,
• Alexander Tolstogouzov,
• Dejun Fu and
• Xiangheng Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 135–143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.13

• bombardment of gold nanoparticles with radius R = 4 nm by 100 keV gold atoms. The sputter yields ranged from only a few sputtered atoms to complete particle disintegration. Järvi et al. [17][18] have shown that the highest sputtering yield of gold nanoparticles by 25 keV gallium or 200 keV argon beams is

• [22]. Sputtering experiments have been performed mostly for gold nanoparticles and nanorods. Klimmer et al. [23] have studied the sputtering of gold nanoparticles with a radius of 3.6 nm on a sapphire substrate irradiated with 200 keV Ar ions. Their model predicts a strong size effect of the

Threshold voltage decrease in a thermotropic nematic liquid crystal doped with graphene oxide flakes

• Mateusz Mrukiewicz,
• Krystian Kowiorski,
• Paweł Perkowski,
• Rafał Mazur and
• Małgorzata Djas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 71–78, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.7

• -optical performance is doping them with nanoparticles. Hsu et al. showed that the small addition of gold nanoparticles decreases Uth due to the increased electric anisotropy and decreased elastic constant [5]. Haraguchi and collaborators doped the twisted nematic liquid crystal cell with inorganic

Colloidal chemistry with patchy silica nanoparticles

• Pierre-Etienne Rouet,
• Cyril Chomette,
• Laurent Adumeau,
• Etienne Duguet and
• Serge Ravaine

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2989–2998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.278

• calculated based on a minimum of 500 nanoparticles per batch using the following equation: where and are the number-average and the weight-average diameter, respectively, and ni is the number of particles of diameter Di. Synthesis of the Au@SiO2 nanoparticles Gold nanoparticles of 14 ± 2 nm were prepared

• by the citrate-reduction method reported by Turkevich [29]. SiO2 coating was carried out after surface functionalization of the gold nanoparticles by using a PEG-SH (Mw = 5000) aqueous solution in a similar manner as described in [23]. The surface modification allowed for the replacement of the

• citrate molecules adsorbed onto the gold surface by PEG-SH. A ratio of four PEG molecules per square nanometer of available surface of the gold sol was fixed. The aqueous solution of PEG-SH was freshly prepared and added dropwise to the as-prepared gold nanoparticles under vigorous magnetic stirring. The

Hybrid Au@alendronate nanoparticles as dual chemo-photothermal agent for combined cancer treatment

• Anouchka Plan Sangnier,
• Romain Aufaure,
• Laurence Motte,
• Claire Wilhelm,
• Erwann Guenin and
• Yoann Lalatonne

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2947–2952, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.273

• with the same molecule used as reductant, coating and therapeutic agent has been developed in a one-pot, one-phase process using alendronate, a drug from the bisphosphonate family known for its antitumor effects. In addition, the core made of gold nanoparticles (NPs) brings thermal functionalities

• , with an IC50 value of 100 µM. Under NIR irradiation a temperature increase was observed leading to a reduction of the IC50 value to 1 µM, with total tumor cell death at 100 µM. Keywords: alendronate; bisphosphonate; cancer treatment; gold nanoparticles; photothermia; Findings Bisphosphonates (BPs

Comparative biological effects of spherical noble metal nanoparticles (Rh, Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) with 4–8 nm diameter

• Alexander Rostek,
• Marina Breisch,
• Kevin Pappert,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Marc Heggen,
• Manfred Köller,
• Christina Sengstock and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2763–2774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.258

• human cells [24][26][27], whereas in other studies, these effects were not observed [28][29][30]. With ultrasmall gold nanoparticles and gold clusters, different biological events are triggered that can lead to a higher cytotoxicity of very small particles (<3 nm) [31]. Very little is known about the

• ]. Platinum nanoparticles can be obtained by metal carbonyl-mediated synthesis in organic solvents [81]. Nanoscale platinum catalysts were synthesized using NaBH4 in octylamine [82]. Small gold nanoparticles (<10 nm) can be produced by wet-chemical approaches using strong reductants (e.g., NaBH4) in the

• ppm. In particular, no negative effect was observed for rhodium, palladium, platinum, and gold nanoparticles up to 50 ppm, indicating that no oxidative release of ions occurs. We conclude that there is no adverse effect of nanoparticles of these very noble metals on the cells because they are

Silencing the second harmonic generation from plasmonic nanodimers: A comprehensive discussion

• Jérémy Butet,
• Gabriel D. Bernasconi and
• Olivier J. F. Martin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2674–2683, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.250

• ], especially regarding the role of the SH source distribution over nanostructure surfaces. On the other hand, SHG was used to monitor the gap distance between gold nanoparticles and gold films [47]. The present study underlines the fact that the relationship between SHG and field enhancement in nanogaps is not

Enhancement of X-ray emission from nanocolloidal gold suspensions under double-pulse excitation

• Wei-Hung Hsu,
• Frances Camille P. Masim,
• Armandas Balčytis,
• Hsin-Hui Huang,
• Tetsu Yonezawa,
• Aleksandr A. Kuchmizhak,
• Saulius Juodkazis and
• Koji Hatanaka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2609–2617, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.242

• was revealed that the volume around gold nanoparticles where the permittivity is near zero, ε ≈ 0, accounts for the strongest absorption, which leads to the effective enhancements of X-ray emission. Keywords: double pulse; gold nanoparticles; intense femtosecond laser; plasma; water; X-ray

• laser and plasmonic nanoparticles will contribute to a broad field of applications ranging from pulsed X-ray generation to energetic particle sources [14] or terahertz wave emission from aqueous solutions [16]. In recent experimental studies, intense fs-laser excitation of plasmonic gold nanoparticles

• the optimization of enhancement in X-ray generation from an aqueous solution flow of plasmonic gold nanoparticles under fs-double-pulse excitation in air. The optimization of the solution film surface position with respect to the focal position of irradiation was systematically investigated for the

Au–Si plasmonic platforms: synthesis, structure and FDTD simulations

• Anna Gapska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Paweł Syty,
• Wojciech Sadowski,
• Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2599–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.241

• rectangle – outer border of the sensors; brown circles – gold nanoparticles. Right: Side view, xy-plane; vellow line – light source, wave propagation in upward direction; red and brown lines – sensors for FDTD and FDTD/DFT simulation sets, respectively; light-blue area – air; yellow area – silicon; brown

• circles – gold nanoparticles. Calculated intensity distribution of the electromagnetic field with unpolarized incident light of a wavelength of 395 nm, integrated 10 nm above the Si surface. Calculated amplitudes of the components of the electromagnetic field with unpolarized incident light of a

Enhanced antineoplastic/therapeutic efficacy using 5-fluorouracil-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Shanid Mohiyuddin,
• Saba Naqvi and
• Gopinath Packirisamy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2499–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.233

• both in vitro and in vivo studies [5]. Gold nanoparticles conjugated with a trans-activating transcriptional activator (TAT) peptide modification encapsulated with the drug doxorubicin showed enhanced toxicity in brain cancer models [6]. Further, mesoporous silica nanoparticles were successfully used

High-throughput micro-nanostructuring by microdroplet inkjet printing

• Hendrikje R. Neumann and
• Christine Selhuber-Unkel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2372–2380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.222

• the nanoscale, so far it has been inefficient in generating a hierarchical overlay structure at the micrometer scale. Here, we show that by combining block copolymer micelle nanolithography with inkjet printing, hierarchical patterns of gold nanoparticles in the form of microstructures can be achieved

• in a high-throughput process. Inkjet printing was used to generate droplets of the micelle solution on surfaces, resulting in printed circles that contain patterns of gold nanoparticles with an interparticle spacing between 25 and 42 nm. We tested this method on different silicon and nickel–titanium

• surfaces and the generated patterns were found to depend on the material type and surface topography. Based on the presented strategy, we were able to achieve patterning times of a few seconds and produce quasi-hexagonal micro-nanopatterns of gold nanoparticles on smooth surfaces. Hence, this method is a

Surface energy of nanoparticles – influence of particle size and structure

• Dieter Vollath,
• Franz Dieter Fischer and
• David Holec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2265–2276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.211

• a further example for theoretically derived values for the surface energy γ, Figure 5 displays the surface energy of gold nanoparticles as a function of the particle diameter [26]. These values were obtained using a function of the type of Equation 6. As was discussed in context with Equation 6

• particle size. Possibly, this is a result of the formation of a liquid-like layer at the surface. The results of the molecular dynamics calculations of Holec et al. [54] for the surface energy of spherical gold nanoparticles, depicted in Figure 13, are quite comparable with the values published by Ali et

• may be recommended to use data for the bulk material when data for the equivalent nanomaterial is not available. Melting temperature of gold nanoparticles according to Castro et al. [11] and Cluskey et al. [13]. One realizes two ranges in the data of Castro et al.: Within the experimental error bar

Fabrication of photothermally active poly(vinyl alcohol) films with gold nanostars for antibacterial applications

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Maria Moros,
• Claudia Tortiglione,
• Serena Bertoldi,
• Nicola Contessi,
• Silvia Faré,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Agnese D’Agostino,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2040–2048, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.193

• , Piazza dell’AteneoNuovo, 20126, Milan, Italy 10.3762/bjnano.9.193 Abstract The unique photothermal properties of non-spherical gold nanoparticles under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation find broad application in nanotechnology and nanomedicine. The combination of their plasmonic features with widely used

• antibacterial films and coatings. Keywords: antibacterial properties; gold nanostars; photothermal effect; poly(vinyl alcohol) films; Introduction The photothermal properties of non-spherical gold nanoparticles possessing localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) located in NIR range has already been

• materials that can coat surfaces and are capable of eradicating biofilms with remote physical activation. Even though gold nanoparticles are not intrinsically antibacterial, the thermal relaxation upon NIR light activation can be a major force of antibacterial action as it was shown for monolayers of GNSs