Nanoscale capacitance spectroscopy based on multifrequency electrostatic force microscopy

• Pascal N. Rohrbeck,
• Lukas D. Cavar,
• Franjo Weber,
• Peter G. Reichel,
• Mara Niebling and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 637–651, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.49

• frequency mixing between C′(t) and the electrostatic excitation leads to sidebands at frequencies ωSB,1 = (ωm ± ωAC) and ωSB,2 = (ωm ± 2ωAC) besides the mechanical oscillation at ωm[18]. The amplitude of the first harmonic frequency components is used in conventional amplitude modulation (AM) and sideband

• identical to Equation 3, Equation 10 contains a term proportional to C′ at frequency 2ωmod = Δωe. This force has been used for AM-based dielectric spectroscopy [63][69][74][84][85][86][87][88]. The second term, Equation 11, contains a force component at the mechanical drive frequency ωm and at a sideband

• in the case of conventional EFM, signal-to-noise is greatly improved by choosing Δωe such that one of the induced sidebands falls on one of the cantilever’s mechanical resonances. We call this method multifrequency heterodyne electrostatic force microscopy (MFH-EFM). To calculate the second

Focused ion and electron beams for synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 613–616, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.47

• tailored 3D architectures [4]. Focused beams not only allow the characterization of atomic structures but also enable precise local modification of material properties through ion milling and the creation of novel structures with tunable mechanical, electrical, and magnetic properties using gas-assisted

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• , produced by silkworms, beetles, mites, and spiders [14]. Silk is an FDA-approved biomaterial for medical applications [15]. SF has distinctive physical, chemical, and mechanical properties [16]. Its characteristics, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, elasticity, solubility in water, and ease of

• transport and gas exchange, which supports tissue regeneration and cell proliferation [22]. Furthermore, they have mechanical qualities that are similar to those of natural tissues, promoting and protecting the healing process [23]. Review Wound healing and skin regeneration The skin is a vital, protective

• electrospun silk/PU composites, which hold remarkable potential due to the biocompatibility of silk and the mechanical characteristics of PU. Silk The silk from the silkworm Bombyx mori (also known as mulberry silk) is the most widely characterized and has been used in biomedical applications for centuries

Feasibility analysis of carbon nanofiber synthesis and morphology control using a LPG premixed flame

• Iftikhar Rahman Bishal,
• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Faizuan Bin Abdullah,
• I Putu Tedy Indrayana and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.45

• Iftikhar Rahman Bishal Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim Norikhwan Hamzah Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop Faizuan Bin Abdullah I Putu Tedy Indrayana Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin Department of Thermo-Fluids, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia High Speed Reacting Flow

Functionalized gold nanoflowers on carbon screen-printed electrodes: an electrochemical platform for biosensing hemagglutinin protein of influenza A H1N1 virus

• Carlos Enrique Torres-Méndez,
• Sharmilee Nandi,
• Klara Martinovic,
• Patrizia Kühne,
• Yifan Liu,
• Sam Taylor,
• Maria Lysandrou,
• Maria Ines Berrojo Romeyro Mascarenhas,
• Viktoria Langwallner,
• Javier Enrique Sebastián Alonso,
• Ivana Jovanovic,
• Maike Lüftner,
• Georgia-Vasiliki Gkountana,
• David Bern,
• Abdul-Raouf Atif,
• Ehsan Manouchehri Doulabi,
• Gemma Mestres and
• Masood Kamali-Moghaddam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 540–550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.42

• process, forming stable AuNFs that remain at the surface of the electrode upon contact with water and ethanol as no change in the CV was observed after contact with these solvents (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1). This suggests strong mechanical adhesion of the AuNFs to the CSPE surface. The

Electron beam-based direct writing of nanostructures using a palladium β-ketoesterate complex

• Chinmai Sai Jureddy,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Patrik Hoffmann and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 530–539, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.41

• use of masks, achieving scales down to a few nanometers with various patterns and shapes, offers significant advantages for a wide range of technological applications. These include areas that require plasmonic [1][2][3], phononic [3][4], magnetic [5][6], optoelectronic [7][8][9], and mechanical [10

Water in nanoporous hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets: a first-principles study

• Juliana A. Gonçalves,
• Ronaldo J. C. Batista and
• Marcia C. Barbosa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 510–519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.39

• , and high mechanical strength [20][21]. Additionally, it possesses unique properties compared to graphene, such as a wide bandgap, electrical insulation, and chemical inertness. Because of its remarkable mechanical properties and resistance to oxidation during the desalination process, h-BN can be used

• graphene membranes interacting with water, where wrinkles significantly impact the mechanical response of the membranes when filled with water on a platform. Conclusion Our investigation of pores in a free-standing hexagonal boron nitride monolayer sheds light on the intricate interactions between 2D

Performance optimization of a microwave-coupled plasma-based ultralow-energy ECR ion source for silicon nanostructuring

• Joy Mukherjee,
• Safiul Alam Mollick,
• Tanmoy Basu and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 484–494, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.37

• . However, careful attention is required for the microwave coupling to the plasma cup to minimize the reflections of microwave power. Mechanical adjustments to the resonator length and waveguide are made to ensure minimal reflection. Additionally, maintaining the necessary magnetic field strength is crucial

Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment

• Ana Cubillo Alvarez,
• Dylan Maguire and
• Ruairí P. Brannigan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34

Biomimetics and bioinspired surfaces: from nature to theory and applications

• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira,
• Thies H. Büscher,
• Manuela Rebora,
• Poramate Manoonpong,
• Zhendong Dai and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 418–421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.32

• Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China 10.3762/bjnano.16.32 Keywords: adhesives; bioengineering; biomimetics; drag reduction; functional morphology; insects; medical coatings

Size control of nanoparticles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquids using donut-shaped beams

• Abdel Rahman Altakroury,
• Oleksandr Gatsa,
• Farbod Riahi,
• Zongwen Fu,
• Miroslava Flimelová,
• Andrei Samokhvalov,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 407–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.31

• Abdel Rahman Altakroury Oleksandr Gatsa Farbod Riahi Zongwen Fu Miroslava Flimelova Andrei Samokhvalov Stephan Barcikowski Carlos Donate-Buendia Alexander V. Bulgakov Bilal Gokce Chair of Materials Science and Additive Manufacturing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Safety Engineering

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• interactions. Previous studies confirmed that PEG contains hydroxyl groups (–OH) that can form hydrogen bonds with the PCL carbonyl groups (C=O). These hydrogen bonds help stabilize the nanocomposite structure and improve its mechanical properties [33]. Optimization of PEG–PCL nanoparticle concentration The

Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh Amalina Muhammad Afifi Fathiah Mohamed Zuki Hanna Sofia SalehHudin Forest Products Department, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109, Kepong, Malaysia Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

• Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 10.3762/bjnano.16.22 Abstract This review examines strategies to enhance the mechanical properties of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) electrospun nanofibers, recognized for their biomedical and

• industrial applications. It begins by outlining the fundamental properties of chitosan and PVA, highlighting their compatibility and mechanical characteristics. The electrospinning process is discussed, focusing on how various parameters and post-treatment methods influence fiber formation and performance

Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• antibiotics, several physical, biological, and chemical methods have been applied [13][18][19]. Various physical wastewater treatment techniques are based on mechanical separation to reduce contaminant levels by relocating rather than degrading antibiotics [7][8][20]. Biological approaches, such as the

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

• (i.e., oxidation) of their surface, CNs with optimal hydrophobic/hydrophilic properties and increased dispersibility can be obtained as preconditions for biocompatibility and low immunogenicity. Also, improved electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties as preconditions for (photo)thermal and

Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• collapse of these VNBs transform thermal energy into mechanical forces, such as jets and acoustic shock waves, enabling cellular or tissue treatment with minimal thermal damage. Currently, VNBs are being explored for applications in cancer cell eradication [51], harmful protein aggregate degradation [52

• photothermal conversion of iron oxide minimizes the necessary laser energy. The mechanical force generated by laser-induced VNBs enables the selective destruction of single corneal cells. The PLA films aid in precisely positioning the photothermal therapy, restrain the dispersion of iron oxide nanoclusters

• therapeutic effects in humans [213]. The safety profile of photothermal nanomaterials is influenced by various factors, including their morphology, structure, concentration, photothermal stability, mechanical strength, and surface chemistry [214]. Enhancements in biocompatibility and stability can be achieved

Probing the potential of rare earth elements in the development of new anticancer drugs: single molecule studies

• Josiane A. D. Batista,
• Rayane M. de Oliveira,
• Carlos H. M. Lima,
• Milton L. Lana Júnior,
• Virgílio C. dos Anjos,
• Maria J. V. Bell and
• Márcio S. Rocha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 187–194, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.15

• -molecule force spectroscopy using optical tweezers (OT) on DNA complexes formed with the three rare earths at various concentrations. The mechanical properties of these complexes were then determined as a function of the element concentration. From these data, the physical chemistry of the interaction was

• the two main mechanical parameters in the entropic regime, that is, the contour and persistence lengths of the DNA molecule. To guarantee the accuracy of the results, the chosen DNA is stretched using only low forces (<5 pN); this type of measurement is repeated six times, obtaining the average values

• of the mechanical parameters and their error bars (standard error of the mean) [21]. After this characterization, the chosen rare earth is introduced in the sample chamber at the desired concentration, and the procedure described above is repeated using the same DNA molecule, thus obtaining the

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

• membranes exhibit superior thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability compared to organic membranes [72][73][74]. However, inorganic membranes tend to be brittle, which can lead to crack formation in the finalized membrane, thereby reducing their selective properties. While organic membranes typically

• possess greater mechanical strength, they are more prone to deformation under mechanical stress [75][76]. Membranes used for gas separation must have sufficient mechanical strength to resist plastic deformation under high gas pressures [77]. Although inorganic membranes appear more advantageous for gas

• symmetric membranes, the MMM spans the entire sheet, which imposes mechanical instability for sheets thinner than 50 µm and limits gas flux through the membrane [87]. Asymmetric membranes feature a thin MMM layer supported by a porous polymer layer that provides mechanical stability and high gas flux better

TiO₂ immobilized on 2D mordenite: effect of hydrolysis conditions on structural, textural, and optical characteristics of the nanocomposites

• Marina G. Shelyapina,
• Rosario Isidro Yocupicio-Gaxiola,
• Gleb A. Valkovsky and
• Vitalii Petranovskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 128–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.12

• in a mechanical mixture of TiO2 with microporous zeolite, but higher than for composites obtained by a liquid impregnation method [40]. Thermogravimetric (TG) profiles of the studied samples together with the derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) curves are shown in Figure 6. As can be seen, mass loss

Modeling and simulation of carbon-nanocomposite-based gas sensors

• Roopa Hegde,
• Punya Prabha V,
• Shipra Upadhyay and
• Krishna S B

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 90–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.9

• disciplines, leading to the development of materials with unprecedented properties. Among these materials, carbon nanocomposites have gathered significant attention because of their exceptional electrical, mechanical, and thermal characteristics. These nanocomposites typically consist of carbon-based

Characterization of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GP258

• Prashantkumar Siddappa Chakra,
• Aishwarya Banakar,
• Shriram Narayan Puranik,
• Vishwas Kaveeshwar,
• C. R. Ravikumar and
• Devaraja Gayathri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 78–89, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.8

• -to-volume ratio, and magnetic, electrical, optical, antimicrobial and hardness properties give NPs distinct mechanical, thermal, and catalytic properties. As a result, nanotechnology has widespread applications across diverse domains and opened up new possibilities for innovation [1][2]. Particles

Advanced atomic force microscopy techniques V

• Philipp Rahe,
• Ilko Bald,
• Nadine Hauptmann,
• Regina Hoffmann-Vogel,
• Harry Mönig and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 54–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.6

• mechanical oscillation of the piezoelectric membrane with highest resolution in real time. In addition to the measurement of surface potentials or photovoltages, Navarro-Rodriguez et al. investigate the dynamics of surface charges and how they couple to the detection system [9]. They describe in detail how

Precursor sticking coefficient determination from indented deposits fabricated by electron beam induced deposition

• Alexander Kuprava and
• Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 35–43, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.4

• 60° with the identical positioning. The background pressure was 4 × 10−7 mbar and rose to 5 × 10−7 mbar for Cr(C6H6)2 and 6 × 10−6 mbar for Me3CpPtMe during deposition at room temperature. To prevent any mechanical or beam drift, a waiting time of 10 min was introduced right before the start of the

Bioinspired nanofilament coatings for scale reduction on steel

• Siad Dahir Ali,
• Mette Heidemann Rasmussen,
• Jacopo Catalano,
• Christian Husum Frederiksen and
• Tobias Weidner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 25–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.3

• ], and textiles [11][12][13][14][15][16] as it does not offer the hydroxy moieties used previously for direct surface polymerization. It is therefore important to carefully test the stability and attachment of any SNFs growing on steel surfaces. Mechanical scratching of the coated steel surface will

• pressure is quickly released after 24 hours at 100 °C and 100 bar. The pressure is reduced to 50 bar over a period of five minutes and afterwards the pressure is reduced to ambient pressure over a period of ten minutes. Any blisters or cracks in the coating indicate delamination or mechanical failure. As

Attempts to preserve and visualize protein corona on the surface of biological nanoparticles in blood serum using photomodification

• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Anastasiya V. Tupitsyna,
• Alina E. Grigor’eva,
• Ilya S. Dovydenko and
• Elena I. Ryabchikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1654–1666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.130

• separation of some components from the surface of bio-NPs, probably due to the mechanical action of sucrose particles and clusters on the surface of bio-NPs. It is also possible to suppose chemical interactions of sucrose molecules with surface molecules of bio-NPs. However, we do not have factual data for