Silver nanoparticles loaded on lactose/alginate: in situ synthesis, catalytic degradation, and pH-dependent antibacterial activity

• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu,
• T. Lan-Anh Vo,
• T. Thu-Trang Ho,
• Kim-Phuong T. Dang,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Phan Nhat Minh,
• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Vinh-Thien Tran,
• Van-Su Dang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Radek Fajgar,
• Thi-Lan-Huong Nguyen,
• Van-Dat Doan and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 781–792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.64

• the medium. The antibacterial effectiveness of the nanocomposite varied among the bacterial strains and pH values, which may be related to the antibacterial mechanism of AgNPs and the cell wall and membrane structure of each bacterial strain [50]. These findings suggest that the antibacterial activity

Control of morphology and crystallinity of CNTs in flame synthesis with one-dimensional reaction zone

• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Ni Luh Wulan Septiani and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 741–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.61

• Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia Advanced Membrane Technology Research Center, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia 10.3762/bjnano.14.61 Abstract The growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a flame requires conditions that are

On the use of Raman spectroscopy to characterize mass-produced graphene nanoplatelets

• Keith R. Paton,
• Konstantinos Despotelis,
• Naresh Kumar,
• Piers Turner and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 509–521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.42

• was then vacuum-filtered through alumina membranes (20 nm pore size), rinsed with IPA to remove residual NMP, and dried in a vacuum oven at 60 °C overnight. For samples 2 to 7, 3 mL of the dispersion was filtered, while for sample 1, ca. 30 mL was used to ensure adequate coverage of the membrane

• . Raman spectra of the filtered films on the membrane were recorded using a Renishaw Qontor confocal spectrometer (Renishaw plc., UK) using a 532 nm excitation laser and a 2400 L/mm grating. An area of 20 μm × 20 μm of the film was mapped, with 1 μm distance between measurement locations. Spectra were

A mid-infrared focusing grating coupler with a single circular arc element based on germanium on silicon

• Xiaojun Zhu,
• Shuai Li,
• Ang Sun,
• Yongquan Pan,
• Wen Liu,
• Yue Wu,
• Guoan Zhang and
• Yuechun Shi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 478–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.38

• membrane Ge waveguide [1]. The maximum coupling efficiency was −11 dB at the focusing SWG’s center wavelength of 2.37 μm. The high coupling efficiency was obtained experimentally. However, the fabrication flow of the suspended membrane Ge waveguide with focusing SWGs greatly increased the complexity of the

• geometry of the CAE. To the best of our knowledge, it is the highest coupling efficiency in full-etch grating couplers based on Ge-on-Si. Moreover, the proposed MIR FGC can also be used for sensing, and the maximum refractive index (RI) sensitivity is 980.7 nm/RIU. Compared with the suspended membrane Ge

Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation

• Chia-Yang Lin and
• Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36

• derivatives on a filter paper produced Janus structures with a hydrophobic top surface suitable for vapor generation and a hydrophilic bottom surface for water uptake and transport. Figure 10e displays the developed SSG device. A cotton fiber thread connects the photothermal membrane to the water tank and

Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 434–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.35

• water impermeability of the bilayer membrane causes one-dimensional swelling and diffusion, and the hydrophobic aggregates act as sacrificial bonds to yield high mechanical strength and toughness during deformation. The abovementioned general examples could be involved in parts of nanoarchitectonics

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

The steep road to nonviral nanomedicines: Frequent challenges and culprits in designing nanoparticles for gene therapy

• Yao Yao,
• Yeongun Ko,
• Grant Grasman,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 351–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.30

• ) [16]. Unfortunately, confocal imaging is limited by relatively low throughput (even with automation) and can be ambiguous when determining internalization within 500 nm of the cell membrane [17]. However, widefield fluorescence microscopy is still widely used when it comes to observing the expression

• surface-bound and internalized NPs. Commonly used techniques are far from optimal, but include non-specific methods for removing surface-bound NPs or quenching surface-bound fluorescence [17]. In addition to the distinction between membrane binding and internalization, there are other concerns associated

• should be closely monitored, as cell death can be misinterpreted as efficient inhibition, especially in metabolism-based assays. For these inhibitors that involve the permeablization of plasma membranes, such as filipin III, appropriate controls for plasma membrane integrity during the inhibition

Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications

• Santiago Grijalvo and
• Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29

• SH-SY5Y cells, and no hemolysis was observed. The presence of Tat on the surface of the nanoparticles enabled cell membrane penetration and uptake in HeLa Cells. The effect of electrolytes in the aqueous phase on Polysorbate 80-based PIC nanoemulsions and derived PLGA nanoparticles has been explored

Overview of mechanism and consequences of endothelial leakiness caused by metal and polymeric nanoparticles

• Magdalena Lasak and
• Karol Ciepluch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 329–338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.28

• larger molecules. Fenestrated capillaries are more permeable than the continuous endothelium and occur in endocrine organs such as the thyroid gland and kidneys. The holes in the cell membrane (fenesters) allow for the selective exchange of larger substances and molecules, for example, hormones, as well

• as the mass transport of water. Sinusoidal capillaries are characterized by the greatest permeability, and they are found in the liver and spleen. Their increased permeability is caused by the large gaps present between the endothelial cells and in the basement membrane. The second crucial aspect

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

• treat contaminated water and wastewater, including adsorption, bioremediation, precipitation, electrocoagulation, filtration, membrane separation, flocculation, centrifugation, advanced oxidation processes based on photocatalysis, and chemical coagulation [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Each of these

Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications

• Qixiong Lin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Yanyan Wen,
• Xiaoqiong Li,
• Donglian Du,
• Weibin Dai,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 262–279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.24

• strategies for cancer. Toxic side effects and individual differences in response to treatment have further limited the benefits of clinical treatment for patients. Biomimetic cancer cell membrane-based nanotechnology has provided a new approach for biomedicine to overcome these obstacles. Biomimetic

• diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, cancer cell membrane-encapsulated nanoparticles show improved effectiveness and efficiency in combination with current diagnostic and therapeutic methods, which will contribute to the development of individualized treatments. This strategy has promising

• intended function of the NPs, resulting in changes of biological behavior and loss of function [6][7]. Moreover, the protein corona can accelerate RES/MPS uptake and interfere with the targeting ability of NPs [8]. The biomimetic technique of cell membrane coating, which employs naturally cell-derived

Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer

• Filip Gorachinov,
• Fatima Mraiche,
• Diala Alhaj Moustafa,
• Ola Hishari,
• Yomna Ismail,
• Jensa Joseph,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Nikola Geskovski and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23

• translated to drug delivery systems for lung and brain targeting [119][120][121][122]. Biomimetic cell membrane protein-decorated NPs successfully mitigate immune system recognition, increase blood circulation time, improve nonspecific tumor targeting, and increase tumor homing potential. NPs with red blood

• cell-like (RBC) surfaces, a “do not eat me” CD47 cell signal, and an immuno-suppressive protein shell instead of, or combined with, a PEG corona are among the most common biomimetic cell membrane-based NP examples in literature. So-called red blood cell vesicle shell nanoparticles (RVPNs), or RBC

• membrane-decorated NPs, platelet membrane-coated core–shell nanovesicles, and cancer cell membrane-coated nanoparticles are also versatile biomimetic nanocarriers showing improved biodistribution and increased tumor-homing potential [127][128][129][130]. Among them, cancer cell membrane biomimetic NPs may

A novel approach to pulsed laser deposition of platinum catalyst on carbon particles for use in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Bogusław Budner,
• Wojciech Tokarz,
• Sławomir Dyjak,
• Andrzej Czerwiński,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 190–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.19

• an efficient Pt-based catalyst for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) by using a cost-effective and efficient physical method to deposit platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) on carbon supports directly from the platinum target. The method developed avoids the chemical functionalization of the

• graphitization were used as carbon supports. The best electrochemical measurement results were obtained for Pt deposited on Vulcan XC-72R. The peak power density measured for this material in a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of a PEMFC (fed with H2/Air) was 0.41 W/cm2, which is a good result compared to 0.57

• electric power generation. Among various fuel cells, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have received considerable attention because of several physicochemical advantages over other fuel cell types [1][2][3][4][5]. PEMFCs, constructed of polymer electrolyte membranes as the proton conductor

Structural, optical, and bioimaging characterization of carbon quantum dots solvothermally synthesized from o-phenylenediamine

• Zoran M. Marković,
• Milica D. Budimir,
• Martin Danko,
• Dušan D. Milivojević,
• Pavel Kubat,
• Danica Z. Zmejkoski,
• Vladimir B. Pavlović,
• Marija M. Mojsin,
• Milena J. Stevanović and
• Biljana M. Todorović Marković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 165–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.17

• [41]. Recently, Bing et al. observed that CQDs with different surface charges had different antibacterial activities. Positively charged CQDs damaged the membrane of E. coli completely whereas negatively charged CQDs interacted only weakly with the bacterial membrane [42]. Uncharged CQDs did not show

• their surface can possibly contribute to antibacterial activity. NH2 groups adsorb onto the bacterial membrane and molecules bearing this functional group can diffuse into the cell interior, where the disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane finally leads to cell death [25][43]. The dots synthesized from

• o-phenylenediamine did not disrupt the cytoplasmic membrane. Cytotoxicity testing Low cytotoxicity is one of the mandatory requirements for biomedical applications. In this paper, we performed cell viability tests by applying the MTT assay toward MRC5 human lung fibroblast cells. Lung fibroblasts

Intermodal coupling spectroscopy of mechanical modes in microcantilevers

• Ioan Ignat,
• Bernhard Schuster,
• Jonas Hafner,
• MinHee Kwon,
• Daniel Platz and
• Ulrich Schmid

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 123–132, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.13

• surface and the tip of the mechanical resonator. This promotes cantilevers as the chosen geometry for this task, as building a clamped beam or a square membrane at the edge of a chip is considerably more challenging. In the following, we will explore intermodal coupling in a microcantilever as an

Antimicrobial and mechanical properties of functionalized textile by nanoarchitectured photoinduced Ag@polymer coating

• Jessica Plé,
• Marine Dabert,
• Helene Lecoq,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Lydie Ploux and
• Lavinia Balan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 95–109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.11

• the outer cell membrane and as such, are less likely to prompt resistance in microorganisms. In addition, their tunable sizes, shapes, and high surface area-to-mass ratio offer increased interactions with cells [8]. The prevalent MNPs used today as antimicrobial agents are copper [9] (or copper oxide

• [10]), gold [11][12], zinc oxide [13][14], and especially silver nanoparticles [15][16][17][18]. Silver is known to target peptidoglycane, a cellular membrane component of Gram-negative and -positive bacteria. If introduced directly in its ionic form, silver interacts with the electron-donor groups of

• the bacterial cell membrane [19][20], allowing its penetration inside the cytoplasm. This leads to the leakage of cellular components through the pores of the perforated cellular membrane. Once inside, the ions promote reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, deactivate proteins, and block DNA

In search of cytotoxic selectivity on cancer cells with biogenically synthesized Ag/AgCl nanoparticles

• Mitzi J. Ramírez-Hernández,
• Mario Valera-Zaragoza,
• Omar Viñas-Bravo,
• Ariana A. Huerta-Heredia,
• Miguel A. Peña-Rico,
• Erick A. Juarez-Arellano,
• David Paniagua-Vega,
• Eduardo Ramírez-Vargas and
• Saúl Sánchez-Valdes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1505–1519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.124

• compounds act as reducing agents, as well as to changes in the shape, size, and size distribution of the resulting Ag nanoparticles. Cytotoxic behavior It has been reported that several cytotoxic mechanisms of AgNPs can cause DNA, mitochondrial, and cell membrane damage as well as apoptosis [44]. Here, the

• concentrations, however, necrosis (black box) predominates, where the formation of cellular debris and damage to the cell membrane are detected. Depending on the level of stress exerted on the cell, this behavior will trigger cell death [47]. Çìftçì et al. [48] suggested that AgNPs induce apoptosis and necrosis

• metalloproteinases (MMPs), the activity of which is favored by reactive species, and they have been shown to be directly involved in death mechanisms such as apoptosis, causing damage at the cell membrane level. In contrast, in monocytes, which are also high in MMPs, their activation mechanism is largely dependent

Frequency-dependent nanomechanical profiling for medical diagnosis

• Santiago D. Solares and
• Alexander X. Cartagena-Rivera

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1483–1489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.122

• optical imaging, the device could be equipped with one or more piezoelectrically excited membranes coupled with a sensing mechanism, such as an AFM cantilever or other type of mechanical sensor (similar stand-alone developments already exist [31][32]). The mechanical response of the membrane could be

• piezoelectrically actuated membrane equipped with a mechanical response sensing mechanism [31][32]. Illustration of a 2D adherent cell indented by a micrometer-sized spherical AFM probe, as well as storage and loss modulus calculated from the parameterized Generalized Maxwell model for 2D adherent normal and

Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy

• Yuran Wang,
• Xudong Li,
• Haijun Chen and
• Yu Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118

• irradiation could increase membrane fluidity, which could, in turn, promote the cellular uptake efficiency. The good photothermal effects and photothermal stability, the light response release properties, and the efficient cellular uptake of AB-LNPs are all beneficial to the synergistic PTT effects. Regarding

Orally administered docetaxel-loaded chitosan-decorated cationic PLGA nanoparticles for intestinal tumors: formulation, comprehensive in vitro characterization, and release kinetics

• Sedat Ünal,
• Osman Doğan and
• Yeşim Aktaş

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1393–1407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.115

• literature, there are various studies showing consistency with our results. Varan et al. reported that cationic nanoparticles have a higher tendency to interact with the negatively charged cell membrane [67]. Accordingly, Verma et al. stated that the surface properties and charges of nanoparticles play an

• essential role in the interaction between nanoparticles and cell membrane and the subsequent intracellular fate of the nanoparticles [68]. Similarly, Chen et al. revealed that PLGA NPs coated with CS had higher anticancer activity then unmodified formulations [69]. When DCX-loaded PLGA NPs were compared to

• acetate, dialysis cellulose tubing membrane (average flat width 25 mm, MWCO 14,000 Da), gelatin type B from bovine skin, mucine from porcine stomach (type II), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA; min 99%, titration), and egg yolk emulsion were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, USA. All other chemicals

Supramolecular assembly of pentamidine and polymeric cyclodextrin bimetallic core–shell nanoarchitectures

• Alexandru-Milentie Hada,
• Nina Burduja,
• Marco Abbate,
• Claudio Stagno,
• Guy Caljon,
• Louis Maes,
• Nicola Micale,
• Massimiliano Cordaro,
• Angela Scala,
• Antonino Mazzaglia and
• Anna Piperno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1361–1369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.112

• the temperature in the range of 70–80 °C leading to the reduction of gold ions, visible by a pink colored solution. Before use, the PolyCD was purified by dialysis (membrane cutoff of 3.5 kDa) and lyophilized. The LSPR Au NPs peak at λmax = 531 nm is detected in the UV–vis spectra of the pink solution

Straight roads into nowhere – obvious and not-so-obvious biological models for ferrophobic surfaces

• Wilfried Konrad,
• Christoph Neinhuis and
• Anita Roth-Nebelsick

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1345–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.111

• segmentation of the water conduit network into compartments. Each pit pore connects two conduits, and this joint pore space is separated by a special nanoporous membrane, the pit membrane (Figure 4). When a conduit becomes dysfunctional due to embolism, the nanopores within the pit membranes prevent the

• isolating the pit membrane from water (see appendix C). Various research was dedicated to this putative mechanism. Studies contributed by Konrad and Roth-Nebelsick [44][45], who considered the interfacial physics of the proposed mechanism, provided evidence that such an interface may be possible within pits

• open longitudinally. Panel (b) shows a scanning electron microscope image of two adjacent conduits (denoted “1” and “2”). The conduits are connected by pits (some are highlighted by the green area) containing the pit membrane, which is a special nanoporous membrane. (c) Detailed image showing a pit

Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications

• Vishal Dutta,
• Ankush Chauhan,
• Ritesh Verma,
• C. Gopalkrishnan and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• vesicle probes have a strong signal amplification ability. More quantum dots can be labeled within the double phosphorus lipid membrane. The detection process is straightforward and does not require pretreatment. The fluorescence signal can be easily switched from "off" to "on" after the target is added