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Search for "migration" in Full Text gives 190 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.

Imaging the surface potential at the steps on the rutile TiO2(110) surface by Kelvin probe force microscopy

  • Masato Miyazaki,
  • Huan Fei Wen,
  • Quanzhen Zhang,
  • Yuuki Adachi,
  • Jan Brndiar,
  • Ivan Štich,
  • Yan Jun Li and
  • Yasuhiro Sugawara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1228–1236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.122

Graphical Abstract
  • to the step is localized closely to the top of the valence band compared to a more distant oxygen atom, resulting in decrease of oxygen vacancy formation energy and consequent vacancy migration towards the step. This geometry produces a massive positive charge pinned around a vacancy, see Figure 5c
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Published 13 Jun 2019

In situ AFM visualization of Li–O2 battery discharge products during redox cycling in an atmospherically controlled sample cell

  • Kumar Virwani,
  • Younes Ansari,
  • Khanh Nguyen,
  • Francisco José Alía Moreno-Ortiz,
  • Jangwoo Kim,
  • Maxwell J. Giammona,
  • Ho-Cheol Kim and
  • Young-Hye La

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 930–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.94

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  • Warburg impedance declines after introducing oxygen, indicating an increase in the migration resistance, while the diameter of the semicircle remains almost unchanged after oxygenation, suggesting a stable interfacial resistance in the cell. The increasing impedance right after the Warburg region observed
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Published 24 Apr 2019

Synthesis of novel C-doped g-C3N4 nanosheets coupled with CdIn2S4 for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

  • Jingshuai Chen,
  • Chang-Jie Mao,
  • Helin Niu and
  • Ji-Ming Song

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 912–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.92

Graphical Abstract
  • photocatalytic performance of CdIn2S4 alone is barely satisfactory, mainly due to the low separation and migration efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers. The construction of a heterojunction by combination with semiconductor materials is expected to be a strategy to improve the separation of
  • this, a transient photocurrent response measurement is employed to evaluate the charge migration and separation efficiency of the as-obtained photocatalysts. Transient photocurrents of g-C3N4, CCN and CISCCN3 are studied during the on–off cycles with intermittent exposure of visible-light excitation
  • composite photocatalyts with enhanced visible-light absorption and highly efficient charge migration and separation. Experimental Sample preparation Self-doped carbon/g-C3N4 structures were prepared according to the literature [32]. In detail, 1 g of melamine powder was first dispersed in 300 mL of
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Published 18 Apr 2019

Trapping polysulfide on two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide for Li–S batteries through phase selection with optimized binding

  • Sha Dong,
  • Xiaoli Sun and
  • Zhiguo Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 774–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.77

Graphical Abstract
  • for Li2Sx absorbed on a 1T'-MoS2 monolayer are shown in Figure 4. In contrast to the case of Li2Sx absorbed on the 2H-MoS2 monolayer, the charge redistribution is more apparent, indicating the strong trapping ability for Li2Sx. For both 2H-MoS2 and 1T'-MoS2 monolayers, there is no charge migration
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Published 26 Mar 2019

The effect of translation on the binding energy for transition-metal porphyrines adsorbed on Ag(111) surface

  • Luiza Buimaga-Iarinca and
  • Cristian Morari

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 706–717, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.70

Graphical Abstract
  • -assembled structures at room temperature. An energy barrier around 0.03 eV would allow for free migration of the molecules on the surface at room temperature. We see that for all TMPP–Ag(111) systems the smallest barrier between two points is slightly smaller than 0.1 eV. This is the energy difference
  • prefactor in the Boltzmann distribution law, even at a sub-monolayer coverage a large number of molecules are mobile on the surface. Also, following the same argumentation we can say that the direction of migration is not restricted from bridge to hollow positions. While the energy barrier along the bridge
  • ”, “i” “h” and “b”. Indeed, we expect the self-assembly process to be driven by the opposing trends of assuming the energetically most favorable configuration and intermolecular repulsion. In addition, migration on the surface occurs through passing from one of the four positions investigated by us (or
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Published 13 Mar 2019

Outstanding chain-extension effect and high UV resistance of polybutylene succinate containing amino-acid-modified layered double hydroxides

  • Adam A. Marek,
  • Vincent Verney,
  • Christine Taviot-Gueho,
  • Grazia Totaro,
  • Laura Sisti,
  • Annamaria Celli and
  • Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 684–695, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.68

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  • they may come in contact with the nutrient product. It is of great importance to avoid the migration of such chemical additives. Today inorganic containers are thought to play the dual role of embedding a specific agent to avoid its ingress into a polymer as well as providing the complementary
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Published 12 Mar 2019

Ultrasonication-assisted synthesis of CsPbBr3 and Cs4PbBr6 perovskite nanocrystals and their reversible transformation

  • Longshi Rao,
  • Xinrui Ding,
  • Xuewei Du,
  • Guanwei Liang,
  • Yong Tang,
  • Kairui Tang and
  • Jin Z. Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 666–676, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.66

Graphical Abstract
  • by [PbX6]4− octahedra in which the Cs+ ions reside in the periphery of this network [9][10]. These PNCs are prone to structural instabilities and phase transformations involving ion migration and interface hydration [11]. However, this phase and structure versatility has become the great advantage of
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Published 06 Mar 2019

Choosing a substrate for the ion irradiation of two-dimensional materials

  • Egor A. Kolesov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 531–539, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.54

Graphical Abstract
  • vacancy generation event involves chalcogen atom removal) [23]. If the fluence is enough, multiple generated vacancies can subsequently merge through the migration processes [15][24], leading to a creation of more complex defects. Additionally, the incident ion can become embedded into the 2D material
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Published 22 Feb 2019

Interaction of Te and Se interlayers with Ag or Au nanofilms in sandwich structures

  • Arkadiusz Ciesielski,
  • Lukasz Skowronski,
  • Marek Trzcinski,
  • Ewa Górecka,
  • Wojciech Pacuski and
  • Tomasz Szoplik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 238–246, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.22

Graphical Abstract
  • ) and ellipsometric measurements, showed that using either of these interlayers introduces strain in nanocrystals of both plasmonic films. This, in turn, influences the migration of Se and Te into the metal layers. Selenium atoms migrate both in the silver and gold nanolayers, while tellurium atoms
  • migrate only in silver. The Te concentration curve clearly suggests that this migration is an effect of the segregation of Te atoms in the silver structure. The differences in crystallinity, as well as the migration process, strongly influence the optical parameters of Ag and Au. In the permittivity of Ag
  • migration of the sublayer atoms inside a plasmonic layer was first discovered by Majni et al. [22], as the interdiffusion process of Au and Cr films deposited on silicon substrates. Ten years later, Wachs et al. [23] showed that when silver layers are deposited on top of germanium, Ge atoms migrate through
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Published 21 Jan 2019

Co-intercalated layered double hydroxides as thermal and photo-oxidation stabilizers for polypropylene

  • Qian Zhang,
  • Qiyu Gu,
  • Fabrice Leroux,
  • Pinggui Tang,
  • Dianqing Li and
  • Yongjun Feng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2980–2988, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.277

Graphical Abstract
  • volatilize from the polymer, reducing the anti-aging efficiency and increasing environmental pollution [6]. Therefore, it is of interest to explore novel multifunctional additives for polymers with high anti-aging performance together with high migration resistance. Recently, inorganic–organic hybrid
  • functional additives have attracted increasing attention for their wide applications in polymers [7]. Organic anti-aging species have been immobilized onto inorganic supports (e.g., carbon nanotubes, SiO2, graphene oxide) to produce inorganic–organic composites with higher migration resistance [8][9][10
  • . Polypropylene (PP) protected with the prepared MP-Ca2Al-LDH exhibited enhanced thermal stability and anti-migration behavior in comparison with MP-Ca/PP composites. Lately, some studies have demonstrated much better performance of multi-component intercalation compounds compared to the corresponding single
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Published 05 Dec 2018

ZnO-nanostructure-based electrochemical sensor: Effect of nanostructure morphology on the sensing of heavy metal ions

  • Marina Krasovska,
  • Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
  • Irena Mihailova,
  • Andrejs Ogurcovs,
  • Eriks Sledevskis,
  • Andrejs Gerbreders and
  • Pavels Sarajevs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2421–2431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.227

Graphical Abstract
  • lead, mercury, cadmium and cobalt, are becoming more and more topical. Many metals form stable organic compounds that dissolve well in water and result in the migration of heavy metal ions in aquatic and terrestrial systems, thereby resulting in high levels of contamination [1][2]. Lead is one of the
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Published 11 Sep 2018

Block copolymers for designing nanostructured porous coatings

  • Roberto Nisticò

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2332–2344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.218

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  • addition, by applying an external electrical stimulus, the migration of both probes was registered with an increasing transport rate of the two chemical species. Critical considerations Membrane-mediated processes are widely considered one of the most promising solutions to be exploited for industrial
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Published 29 Aug 2018

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

  • Oleksandr Stroyuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2209–2235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.207

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Published 21 Aug 2018

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

  • Muhammad Imran,
  • Nunzio Motta and
  • Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

Graphical Abstract
  • around each neck; this leads to fast capture and migration of electrons, and subsequently, enhanced gas sensing performance. The response of Sr/SnO2 NTs is 54.23% to 2000 ppm NH3, a value that is higher than other sensors due to the tubular structure. A lower detection limit of 10 ppm, faster response
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Published 13 Aug 2018

Metal-free catalysis based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials: a photoelectron spectroscopy point of view

  • Mattia Scardamaglia and
  • Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2015–2031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.191

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  • -vCNT electrode was considerable more stable toward the ORR than the platinum-loaded electrode, which showed deterioration after repeated cycles associated to migration and aggregation of the Pt nanoparticles. The electrocatalytic activity of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes was also reported to be
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Published 18 Jul 2018

Electromigrated electrical optical antennas for transducing electrons and photons at the nanoscale

  • Arindam Dasgupta,
  • Mickaël Buret,
  • Nicolas Cazier,
  • Marie-Maxime Mennemanteuil,
  • Reinaldo Chacon,
  • Kamal Hammani,
  • Jean-Claude Weeber,
  • Juan Arocas,
  • Laurent Markey,
  • Gérard Colas des Francs,
  • Alexander Uskov,
  • Igor Smetanin and
  • Alexandre Bouhelier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1964–1976, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.187

Graphical Abstract
  • electromigration. Voids resulting from Au migration are also observed on the source electrode. The image is obtained by sputtering a thin conductive Au layer on the post mortem device. (a) Current density JT plotted versus applied bias Vdc. The black circles are experimental data points and the solid red line is
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Published 11 Jul 2018

Multimodal noncontact atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy investigations of organolead tribromide perovskite single crystals

  • Yann Almadori,
  • David Moerman,
  • Jaume Llacer Martinez,
  • Philippe Leclère and
  • Benjamin Grévin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1695–1704, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.161

Graphical Abstract
  • accumulate near the crystal surface due to band bending effects. Time-dependent changes of the surface potential occurring under illumination on the scale of a few seconds reveal the existence of slow ion-migration mechanisms. Lastly, photopotential decay at the sub-millisecond time scale related to the
  • . Keywords: carrier lifetime; ion migration; Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM); noncontact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM); organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites; photostriction; single crystals; surface photovoltage (SPV); time-resolved surface photovoltage; Introduction Organic–inorganic hybrid
  • the photocarrier transport on the sole basis of KPFM data. This uncertainty is largely due to the contributions of the ionic species to the surface potential contrasts [6][8][9][10]. Time-resolved measurements have especially shown that intra-grain ion-migration mechanisms [9] can significantly impact
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Published 07 Jun 2018

Nanoscale electrochemical response of lithium-ion cathodes: a combined study using C-AFM and SIMS

  • Jonathan Op de Beeck,
  • Nouha Labyedh,
  • Alfonso Sepúlveda,
  • Valentina Spampinato,
  • Alexis Franquet,
  • Thierry Conard,
  • Philippe M. Vereecken,
  • Wilfried Vandervorst and
  • Umberto Celano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1623–1628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.154

Graphical Abstract
  • chemical information. First, we demonstrate the capability of a biased AFM tip to perform field-induced ionic migration in thin (cathode) films and its diagnosis through the observation of the local resistance change. The latter is ascribed to the internal rearrangement of Li-ions under the effect of a
  • the anode and cathode, creates high-mobility channels for the lithium migration, thus significantly enhancing the ionic conductivity of these materials [5]. However, being based on diffusion in a solid versus a liquid, the success of ASB will depend on the capability to address the nanoscale ionic
  • –electronic conductors, represents an interesting starting point to obtain local electrochemical information from the sample using C-AFM [6]. Indeed, the biased tip induces a strong electric field (localized under the tip) inside the material, thus triggering a field-induced ionic migration of the Li ions
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Published 04 Jun 2018

Correlative electrochemical strain and scanning electron microscopy for local characterization of the solid state electrolyte Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3

  • Nino Schön,
  • Deniz Cihan Gunduz,
  • Shicheng Yu,
  • Hermann Tempel,
  • Roland Schierholz and
  • Florian Hausen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1564–1572, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.148

Graphical Abstract
  • area (typically in the range of 1 cm2). Hence, only averaged values are obtained whilst locally the ion mobility can still be inhomogeneous [11]. Translating local ion migration into global conductivity is part of ongoing research. First approaches for small-scale impedance measurements have been
  • -ion mobility in Li0.33La0.56TiO3 using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and electrochemical strain microscopy (ESM) [21]. The authors correlate variations in the Li-ion mobility detected by ESM with limitations in the Li-ion migration pathway. ESM is a
  • surface, causing a strain of the material according to Vegard’s Law [25]. In the case of a solid state electrolyte, with its inherently low electronic conductivity, it remains arguable if the ESM amplitude signal is predominantly caused by ion migration. Very recently, Lushta et al. [28] presented ESM
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Published 28 May 2018

Electro-optical interfacial effects on a graphene/π-conjugated organic semiconductor hybrid system

  • Karolline A. S. Araujo,
  • Luiz A. Cury,
  • Matheus J. S. Matos,
  • Thales F. D. Fernandes,
  • Luiz G. Cançado and
  • Bernardo R. A. Neves

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 963–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.90

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  • migration [28]. At low temperatures, the volume probed by an exciton is reduced, which reduces the interaction probability with nonradiative traps or defects, reflecting an increase in the emission efficiency of the organic compound [29]. Moreover, the increase in emission efficiency with decreasing
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Published 23 Mar 2018

A review of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide

  • Shahreen Binti Izwan Anthonysamy,
  • Syahidah Binti Afandi,
  • Mehrnoush Khavarian and
  • Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 740–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.68

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  • the SCR reaction. High Ce3+ ion concentration contributed to the high amount of chemisorbed oxygen, which increased the redox cycle and enhanced the reducibility of hydrogen. This is because the Ce3+ ions will assist the migration of O2 from gas phase to the surface of the catalyst [8][23]. Afterwards
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Published 27 Feb 2018

Perovskite-structured CaTiO3 coupled with g-C3N4 as a heterojunction photocatalyst for organic pollutant degradation

  • Ashish Kumar,
  • Christian Schuerings,
  • Suneel Kumar,
  • Ajay Kumar and
  • Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 671–685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.62

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  • promising amalgamated g-C3N4–SrTiO3 photocatalyst by a simple thermal method. The as-prepared composites showed exceptional properties for photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) under intense sunlight due to the enhanced migration of photogenerated charges over the close interfacial connections
  • the UV and visible light regions. In addition, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy studies were carried out in order to study the separation and migration of photogenerated charge carriers in the CTCN heterojunction. It is well-reported in literature that recombination of electrons and holes give rise
  • to intense PL emissions [51]. The g-C3N4 nanosheets show high PL emission, which is an indication of a high recombination rate of photogenerated charge carriers produced during light irradiation. However, the formation of the CTCN heterojunction allows the migration of photogenerated charges across
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Published 21 Feb 2018

Anchoring Fe3O4 nanoparticles in a reduced graphene oxide aerogel matrix via polydopamine coating

  • Błażej Scheibe,
  • Radosław Mrówczyński,
  • Natalia Michalak,
  • Karol Załęski,
  • Michał Matczak,
  • Mateusz Kempiński,
  • Zuzanna Pietralik,
  • Mikołaj Lewandowski,
  • Stefan Jurga and
  • Feliks Stobiecki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 591–601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.55

Graphical Abstract
  • functional additives at the rGO defect sites, prevent unintended additives migration outside the aerogel and provide better structural stabilization of the whole aerogel structure. Experimental Graphite powder, iron(III) chloride hexahydrate, iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate, sodium nitride 99%, citric acid
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Published 15 Feb 2018

Influence of the preparation method on the photocatalytic activity of Nd-modified TiO2

  • Patrycja Parnicka,
  • Paweł Mazierski,
  • Tomasz Grzyb,
  • Wojciech Lisowski,
  • Ewa Kowalska,
  • Bunsho Ohtani,
  • Adriana Zaleska-Medynska and
  • Joanna Nadolna

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 447–459, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.43

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  • energy of photons to penetrate deeper into the surface of the material [11]. This phenomenon can also be explained by the spectroscopic properties of rare earth ions. In our previous paper [23], it has been proven that Nd3+ ions are prone to cross-relaxation (energy migration between Nd3+ ions
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Published 06 Feb 2018

Facile synthesis of ZnFe2O4 photocatalysts for decolourization of organic dyes under solar irradiation

  • Arjun Behera,
  • Debasmita Kandi,
  • Sanjit Manohar Majhi,
  • Satyabadi Martha and
  • Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 436–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.42

Graphical Abstract
  • interface. In general, the radius of the semicircle in the Nyquist plots yields information about the resistance and interfacial charge migration, i.e., a smaller radius reflects a better flow of charge or low interfacial resistance compared to larger radii. ZFO-500 offered the fastest interfacial charge
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Published 05 Feb 2018
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