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Search for "orientation" in Full Text gives 616 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications

  • Hendrik Bargel,
  • Vanessa T. Trossmann,
  • Christoph Sommer and
  • Thomas Scheibel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 902–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.81

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  • fact that the proteins in the ECM (such as fibronectin, vitronectin, collagen, and laminin) are adsorbed in a denatured state, and their orientation becomes unsuitable for cell binding [66]. Cells (e.g., osteoblasts) are more likely to attach to more hydrophilic surfaces and exhibit the strongest
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Published 08 Sep 2022

Self-assembly of C60 on a ZnTPP/Fe(001)–p(1 × 1)O substrate: observation of a quasi-freestanding C60 monolayer

  • Guglielmo Albani,
  • Michele Capra,
  • Alessandro Lodesani,
  • Alberto Calloni,
  • Gianlorenzo Bussetti,
  • Marco Finazzi,
  • Franco Ciccacci,
  • Alberto Brambilla,
  • Lamberto Duò and
  • Andrea Picone

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.76

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  • transform (FFT) calculated from the image reported in Figure 2a. Four hexagonal domains can be identified, differing by their angular orientation with respect to the substrate. Interestingly, the domains do not possess a well-defined epitaxial relation with respect to the (5 × 5) lattice of ZnTPP
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Published 30 Aug 2022

Temperature and chemical effects on the interfacial energy between a Ga–In–Sn eutectic liquid alloy and nanoscopic asperities

  • Yujin Han,
  • Pierre-Marie Thebault,
  • Corentin Audes,
  • Xuelin Wang,
  • Haiwoong Park,
  • Jian-Zhong Jiang and
  • Arnaud Caron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 817–827, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.72

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  • . The surface energy of the eutectic Ga–In–Sn melt at the melting point has been reported to be 587 mN/m [21], while published values for SiOx, PtSi, and Au are = 53 mN/m [22], = 1150–1300 mN/m depending on its orientation [23], = 1710 mN/m [24]. These values lead to the following results for the
  • ]. Depending on the surface orientation, a range of values between 0.6 N/m and 2.98 N/m has been reported. The values of and determined in this work are significantly lower than and Due to its chemical inertness, reactivity between PtSi and eutectic Ga–In–Sn melt can be ruled out. Also, reactions between
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Published 23 Aug 2022

Recent advances in nanoarchitectures of monocrystalline coordination polymers through confined assembly

  • Lingling Xia,
  • Qinyue Wang and
  • Ming Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 763–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.67

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  • structure or orientation of the monocrystalline coordination polymers are hardly affected. However, when solids have a similar lattice structure with the grown coordination polymers, epitaxy happens to guide the growth of the coordination polymers. The crystallographic orientation of the grown coordination
  • find appropriate substrates with lattice similarity to the preferred crystallographic orientation of the targeted coordination polymer. Parallelly aligned Cu(OH)2 nanobelts were used to guide the epitaxial growth of Cu2(BDC)2 (BDC = benzenedicarboxylic acid). Centimeter-scale micropore alignment was
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Published 12 Aug 2022

Modeling a multiple-chain emeraldine gas sensor for NH3 and NO2 detection

  • Hana Sustkova and
  • Jan Voves

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 721–729, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.64

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  • several chains were modeled, between two chains (Figure 3 and Figure 4). Also, the orientation of the gas molecule was varied. Apart from these variations, one position and one orientation of the gas molecule was determined utilizing energy minimizing optimization. For all these situations, computation of
  • chosen fixed positions of ammonia and nitrogen dioxide molecules. We have computed the local energy minima through molecular dynamics, which results in the optimized position and orientation of the gas molecule. The spatial orientation of the gas molecules was estimated by these optimizations. Next, one
  • as well. The I–V characteristics were computed for several molecule positions near the doped and near the undoped nitrogen atoms, see above. The molecule orientation was estimated through molecular dynamics optimization. The resistance from the linear part of the I–V characteristics was used to
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Published 26 Jul 2022

Design and selection of peptides to block the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain by molecular docking

  • Kendra Ramirez-Acosta,
  • Ivan A. Rosales-Fuerte,
  • J. Eduardo Perez-Sanchez,
  • Alfredo Nuñez-Rivera,
  • Josue Juarez and
  • Ruben D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 699–711, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.62

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  • range from −2 (red) over 0 (white) to +2 (blue). The orientation of the molecule is rotated by about 90° along the z-axis of image (a) to show the RBD surface that binds to the ACE2 cell receptor. Image modified from PDB 6VYB [3]. Peptide candidates (blue) docked to the SARS-CoV-2 RBD (white). (a) ACE2
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Published 22 Jul 2022

Comparative molecular dynamics simulations of thermal conductivities of aqueous and hydrocarbon nanofluids

  • Adil Loya,
  • Antash Najib,
  • Fahad Aziz,
  • Asif Khan,
  • Guogang Ren and
  • Kun Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 620–628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.54

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  • orientations was tested [29]. Cooling properties of the CuO/water nanofluid were observed at each orientation. Moreover, efficient and accurate mathematical models were used to obtain readings that were precisely similar to experimental values. A maximum heat transfer rate was recorded in the right-oriented
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Published 07 Jul 2022

Quantitative dynamic force microscopy with inclined tip oscillation

  • Philipp Rahe,
  • Daniel Heile,
  • Reinhard Olbrich and
  • Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 610–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.53

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  • , three AFM equations were found that represent the general case for a probe oscillating in an arbitrary direction. A probe orientation different from the surface normal and its oscillation in the vector force field above the surface has important consequences on the measured force response and
  • orientation of and violates a fundamental assumption of the commonly used inversion algorithms [4][5]: The tip sampling path segments are not overlapping when moving the tip along the data recording path for an inclined oscillation. The resulting error in the force recovery is shown in Figure 4c, where the
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Published 06 Jul 2022

Sodium doping in brookite TiO2 enhances its photocatalytic activity

  • Boxiang Zhuang,
  • Honglong Shi,
  • Honglei Zhang and
  • Zeqian Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 599–609, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.52

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  • , the brookite NaxTi1−xO2 transforms into Na2Ti6O13 by a twinning process with the orientation relationship of [1−2−3]Matrix//[1−23]Twins and (−2−10)Matrix//(1−1−1)Twins. The differences in the ionic radius and the electronegativity between Na and Ti destroy the local atomic arrangement of the brookite
  • interplanar spacing values are 3.5092 and 3.4619 Å, respectively. Thus, the orientation relationship between the matrix and twins is // and // The twinning effect in the brookite structure may be the major driven force of the phase transformation from the brookite NaxTi1−xO2 to Na2Ti6O13. Such transformation
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Published 05 Jul 2022

A new method for obtaining the magnetic shape anisotropy directly from electron tomography images

  • Cristian Radu,
  • Ioana D. Vlaicu and
  • Andrei C. Kuncser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 590–598, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.51

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  • maintaining the labeling at the contact between adjacent particles. Shape evaluation: The procedure consists of fitting each separated particle with an ellipsoid and recovering information about size, axis ratios, and orientation of the long axis from the fit. Both the direction and the magnitude of the semi
  • rotation axes. This assumption is usually valid for the vast majority of MNPs used in practice. Output size, shape, and anisotropy distributions: A file containing MNP volume, position of its center of mass, magnitude and orientation of the three semi-axes under the ellipsoidal shape approximation for all
  • software. Regarding this, a test data volume filled with ellipsoids has been generated (Figure 3). Again, size, shape, position, and orientation of the ellipsoids have a Gaussian distribution in space, this time without the constraint of no overlap. Experimentally obtained system A system of iron oxide
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Published 05 Jul 2022

Revealing local structural properties of an atomically thin MoSe2 surface using optical microscopy

  • Lin Pan,
  • Peng Miao,
  • Anke Horneber,
  • Alfred J. Meixner,
  • Pierre-Michel Adam and
  • Dai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 572–581, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.49

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  • the excitation energy, leading to a giant chemical enhancement on partially oxidized MoS2 [23]. It has been also reported that the energy levels and orientation of the Raman-active probe molecule on graphene could strongly influence the Raman enhancement. Benefiting from the face-on molecular
  • orientation and molecular energy levels in the vicinity of the Fermi level of graphene, the charge-transfer effect can become more pronounced [24][25]. In summary, the structural irregularities in 2D materials and molecular probe both can impact the strength of molecule–substrate interactions and then modify
  • triangular flakes on top of the underlying large flake, which appear dark in the SHG image in Figure 1d. The decreased SHG intensity at increasing layer thickness indicates a mirrored orientation of neighboring layers in the MoSe2 flake, which is typical for hexagonal 2H-phase MoSe2 [28][29]. Figure 1e shows
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Published 01 Jul 2022

Investigation of electron-induced cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers by scanning tunneling microscopy

  • Patrick Stohmann,
  • Sascha Koch,
  • Yang Yang,
  • Christopher David Kaiser,
  • Julian Ehrens,
  • Jürgen Schnack,
  • Niklas Biere,
  • Dario Anselmetti,
  • Armin Gölzhäuser and
  • Xianghui Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 462–471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.39

Graphical Abstract
  • of 7.6 ± 5.0° with respect to the β-phase domains. The appearance of the oval spots depends on the relative orientation between the fast scan direction and the domain orientation. Depending on the relative orientation, the oval spots divide into two spherical spots [64]. The structural models for the
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Published 25 May 2022

Tunable superconducting neurons for networks based on radial basis functions

  • Andrey E. Schegolev,
  • Nikolay V. Klenov,
  • Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
  • Igor I. Soloviev,
  • Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
  • Maxim V. Tereshonok and
  • Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 444–454, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.37

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  • proximity effect. The typical spin valve [55][56][57] is a hybrid structure containing at least a pair of ferromagnetic (FM) layers with different coercive forces. Variations in the relative orientation of their magnetizations change the spatial distribution of the superconducting order parameter. In the
  • case of parallel magnetization of the FM layers the Cooper pairs are effectively depairing inside them (closed spin valve). For the antiparallel orientation, the effective exchange energy of the magnetic layers is averaged and suppression of the superconducting order parameter is weaker (open spin
  • the AP orientation than for the P orientation. To enhance the effect, we propose to add an additional superconductor layer s1 (Figure 6b). In the case of the closed valve, the s1 layer is in the normal state, and the superconducting correlations in the N layer are negligible. If the valve is open, the
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Published 18 May 2022

A non-enzymatic electrochemical hydrogen peroxide sensor based on copper oxide nanostructures

  • Irena Mihailova,
  • Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
  • Marina Krasovska,
  • Eriks Sledevskis,
  • Valdis Mizers,
  • Andrejs Bulanovs and
  • Andrejs Ogurcovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 424–436, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.35

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  • amorphous background indicates a high degree of crystallinity of the obtained samples. The X-ray diffraction pattern shows a large number of crystallographic planes corresponding to the CuO (tenorite) lattice; however, the dominant orientation corresponds to the direction perpendicular to the (002) and (111
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Published 03 May 2022

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

  • Zahra Nabizadeh,
  • Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
  • Hamed Daemi,
  • Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
  • Ali Akbar Shabani,
  • Mehdi Dadashpour,
  • Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
  • Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

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  • tissue engineering. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of CNTs into PCL scaffolds improved the mechanical properties, such as failure stress, yield stress, and Young’s modulus, and had no adverse effects on MSC survival [136]. Due to the specific orientation of chondrocytes, tissue
  • engineering faces a limitation to mimic the architecture of cartilage. Therefore, Janssen et al. used VA–MWCNT micropillars to induce an unidirectional orientation of chondrocytes [137]. The Young’s modulus of the VA–MWCNT micropillars was in the range of the natural ECM of articular cartilage. The
  • proliferation of chondrocytes to achieve unidirectional orientation was controllable by optimizing the size and spacing of VA–MWCNT micropillars. Cell attachment, proliferation, and ECM production reportedly were enhanced by micropillars in comparison to the control groups [137]. Apart from carbon nanotubes for
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Published 11 Apr 2022

Alcohol-perturbed self-assembly of the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein

  • Ismael Abu-Baker and
  • Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 355–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.30

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  • between in TEM. The bilayer disk has been reported in two different polymorphs: a polar disk with both layers in the same orientation or a bipolar disk with the two layers related by C2 symmetry [18][19][20]. Under basic conditions and at high ionic strength, a four-layer disk aggregate is observed [21
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Published 01 Apr 2022

Controllable two- and three-state magnetization switching in single-layer epitaxial Pd1−xFex films and an epitaxial Pd0.92Fe0.08/Ag/Pd0.96Fe0.04 heterostructure

  • Igor V. Yanilkin,
  • Amir I. Gumarov,
  • Gulnaz F. Gizzatullina,
  • Roman V. Yusupov and
  • Lenar R. Tagirov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 334–343, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.28

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  • film (and the substrate). The reference frame orientation with respect to the sample is shown in the insets in Figure 1. When measuring the magnetoresistance, the magnetic field was applied at different angles in three main planes as shown in Figure 1. At any orientation, on approaching zero field, the
  • slope with temperature. Lines are drawn using the model of Equation 1. (b) Dependence of the resistance on the orientation of the magnetic field at T = 5 K. The contribution from the electron–magnon scattering is subtracted. Lines are drawn using the model of Equation 2. Dependences of the resistivity
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Published 30 Mar 2022

Effects of drug concentration and PLGA addition on the properties of electrospun ampicillin trihydrate-loaded PLA nanofibers

  • Tuğba Eren Böncü and
  • Nurten Ozdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 245–254, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.19

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  • composition, porosity, average size, distribution, individual nanofiber orientation, interaction between nanofibers, and arrangement and entanglement of the nanofibers [27][28][29]. When the mechanical properties of PLA nanofibers containing different amounts of drug were examined, the increase in the amount
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Published 21 Feb 2022

Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

  • Viet Van Pham,
  • Hong-Huy Tran,
  • Thao Kim Truong and
  • Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

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  • that NO could be absorbed easily on various SnO2(110) surfaces, and it is preferentially adsorbed on the OV site through an N-down orientation. Figure 5 shows the calculation of the energy of NO conversion processes on SnO2(110), SnO2−x(110), and O2 + SnO2−x(110) surfaces. The oxidation of NO on other
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Published 21 Jan 2022

Topographic signatures and manipulations of Fe atoms, CO molecules and NaCl islands on superconducting Pb(111)

  • Carl Drechsel,
  • Philipp D’Astolfo,
  • Jung-Ching Liu,
  • Thilo Glatzel,
  • Rémy Pawlak and
  • Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1–9, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.1

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  • , which might be related to a strong interaction with the Pb lattice. While the D features are all aligned in the same direction, the orientation of the T features differs slightly. Both features have an apparent height of ≈0.3 Å, as extracted from the profile of Figure 2b, displayed in Figure 2c. Overall
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Published 03 Jan 2022

Heating ability of elongated magnetic nanoparticles

  • Elizaveta M. Gubanova,
  • Nikolai A. Usov and
  • Vladimir A. Oleinikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1404–1412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.104

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  • sizes. However, the orientation of a dilute assembly of elongated nanoparticles in a magnetic field leads to an almost twofold increase in SAR at the same frequency and amplitude of the alternating magnetic field, the range of optimal particle diameters remaining unchanged. The effect of the magneto
  • nanoparticles showed increased SAR [37][38] when the ac magnetic field was applied parallel to the assembly orientation axis. It is worth mentioning that, in nature, some strains of magnetotactic bacteria can synthesize elongated magnetic nanoparticles [39][40][41]. Biogenic magnetic nanoparticles have a
  • was shown experimentally [37][38] that the SAR of an assembly can be significantly increased if the assembly is oriented in a strong magnetic field and an ac magnetic field is applied along the assembly orientation axis. Recent study shows [17] that, under certain conditions, the orientation of the
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Published 28 Dec 2021

Polarity in cuticular ridge development and insect attachment on leaf surfaces of Schismatoglottis calyptrata (Araceae)

  • Venkata A. Surapaneni,
  • Tobias Aust,
  • Thomas Speck and
  • Marc Thielen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1326–1338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.98

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  • replica corresponded to that of smooth unstructured cells, whereas the surface of the opaque region was covered with dense cuticular ridges. Analysis of individual epidermal cells demonstrated the change of size and orientation of the cells and the ridge islands during the ontogeny (Figure 5). Figure 5a
  • progression and growth. Figure 5c shows the frequency distribution of the orientation of the long axes of cells and ridge islands with respect to the midrib of the leaf at all growth stages. Typical examples of data on the orientation of ridges in the ridge islands and the periphery regions for the different
  • orientation during stage 2A. Similarly, during stage 3, the ridges were mostly oriented in a zig-zag manner, although on some cells longitudinal alignment of the ridges along the long axes of the cells was observed. During stage 4, the ridge orientation was mostly longitudinally oriented along the long axes
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Published 01 Dec 2021

Enhancement of the piezoelectric coefficient in PVDF-TrFe/CoFe2O4 nanocomposites through DC magnetic poling

  • Marco Fortunato,
  • Alessio Tamburrano,
  • Maria Paola Bracciale,
  • Maria Laura Santarelli and
  • Maria Sabrina Sarto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1262–1270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.93

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  • , the dipoles in PVDF/PVDF-TrFe must be oriented along a preferential direction. The dipole orientation is generally obtained by electrical poling, that is, the application of a strong DC electric field (ca. 106 V·cm−1) at elevated temperature (ca. 120 °C) through top and bottom electrodes [18]. However
  • presence of these aggregates will be investigated in the following part dealing with the morphological analysis. Also, temperature plays a relevant role in the orientation of the β phase. As shown in Figure 3, when the DC magnetic poling is performed at RT the value of d33 does not increase as much as in
  • the case in which the temperature is kept at 65 °C. Increasing the temperature makes the polymeric nanocomposite softer, thus facilitating the orientation of β phase domains along the magnetic field direction. We have also investigated the effect of the application time of the DC magnetic field on d33
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Published 19 Nov 2021

A review on slip boundary conditions at the nanoscale: recent development and applications

  • Ruifei Wang,
  • Jin Chai,
  • Bobo Luo,
  • Xiong Liu,
  • Jianting Zhang,
  • Min Wu,
  • Mingdan Wei and
  • Zhuanyue Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1237–1251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.91

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  • limiting cases have been proposed. For periodic alternating stripes with different wettability, it was shown that the maximal and minimal effective slip length can be attained when the stripe orientation is parallel or perpendicular to the streaming flow direction, respectively. Especially, when the stripe
  • widths for two-component textures are equal and smaller than the channel height, the variation of the effective slip length with the flow direction is given as follows [111]: where θ indicates the streaming flow direction relative to the stripe orientation, b1 and b2 are the effective slip lengths when
  • the liquid flows perpendicularly (θ = 0) and parallelly (θ = π/2) to the stripe orientation, respectively. As it can be seen from Figure 8, MD simulation results show good agreement with Equation 4 and the effective slip length monotonically increases with an increase in θ. 2.4.3 Gas bubbles
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Published 17 Nov 2021

Open-loop amplitude-modulation Kelvin probe force microscopy operated in single-pass PeakForce tapping mode

  • Gheorghe Stan and
  • Pradeep Namboodiri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1115–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.83

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  • FM-KPFM are insensitive to the selected tip–sample orientation. Thus, when the cantilever is over the Au region (Figure 1b), the CPD measured over Au is the same in both AM-KPFM (left part of Figure 1d) and FM-KPFM (left part of Figure 1e) but significantly lower over the Al region in the AM-KPFM map
  • . The value determined for CPDnon-local becomes less accurate when the region underneath the cantilever has large variations in surface potential. By adjusting the relative orientation of the cantilever with respect to the scanned area (i.e., sample rotation or scanning at a different angle), an average
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Published 06 Oct 2021
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