Revealing local structural properties of an atomically thin MoSe₂ surface using optical microscopy

• Lin Pan,
• Peng Miao,
• Anke Horneber,
• Alfred J. Meixner,
• Pierre-Michel Adam and
• Dai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 572–581, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.49

• the excitation energy, leading to a giant chemical enhancement on partially oxidized MoS2 [23]. It has been also reported that the energy levels and orientation of the Raman-active probe molecule on graphene could strongly influence the Raman enhancement. Benefiting from the face-on molecular

• orientation and molecular energy levels in the vicinity of the Fermi level of graphene, the charge-transfer effect can become more pronounced [24][25]. In summary, the structural irregularities in 2D materials and molecular probe both can impact the strength of molecule–substrate interactions and then modify

• triangular flakes on top of the underlying large flake, which appear dark in the SHG image in Figure 1d. The decreased SHG intensity at increasing layer thickness indicates a mirrored orientation of neighboring layers in the MoSe2 flake, which is typical for hexagonal 2H-phase MoSe2 [28][29]. Figure 1e shows

Investigation of electron-induced cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers by scanning tunneling microscopy

• Patrick Stohmann,
• Sascha Koch,
• Yang Yang,
• Christopher David Kaiser,
• Julian Ehrens,
• Jürgen Schnack,
• Niklas Biere,
• Dario Anselmetti,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Xianghui Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 462–471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.39

• of 7.6 ± 5.0° with respect to the β-phase domains. The appearance of the oval spots depends on the relative orientation between the fast scan direction and the domain orientation. Depending on the relative orientation, the oval spots divide into two spherical spots [64]. The structural models for the

Tunable superconducting neurons for networks based on radial basis functions

• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 444–454, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.37

• proximity effect. The typical spin valve [55][56][57] is a hybrid structure containing at least a pair of ferromagnetic (FM) layers with different coercive forces. Variations in the relative orientation of their magnetizations change the spatial distribution of the superconducting order parameter. In the

• case of parallel magnetization of the FM layers the Cooper pairs are effectively depairing inside them (closed spin valve). For the antiparallel orientation, the effective exchange energy of the magnetic layers is averaged and suppression of the superconducting order parameter is weaker (open spin

• the AP orientation than for the P orientation. To enhance the effect, we propose to add an additional superconductor layer s1 (Figure 6b). In the case of the closed valve, the s1 layer is in the normal state, and the superconducting correlations in the N layer are negligible. If the valve is open, the

A non-enzymatic electrochemical hydrogen peroxide sensor based on copper oxide nanostructures

• Irena Mihailova,
• Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
• Marina Krasovska,
• Eriks Sledevskis,
• Valdis Mizers,
• Andrejs Bulanovs and
• Andrejs Ogurcovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 424–436, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.35

• amorphous background indicates a high degree of crystallinity of the obtained samples. The X-ray diffraction pattern shows a large number of crystallographic planes corresponding to the CuO (tenorite) lattice; however, the dominant orientation corresponds to the direction perpendicular to the (002) and (111

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• tissue engineering. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of CNTs into PCL scaffolds improved the mechanical properties, such as failure stress, yield stress, and Young’s modulus, and had no adverse effects on MSC survival [136]. Due to the specific orientation of chondrocytes, tissue

• engineering faces a limitation to mimic the architecture of cartilage. Therefore, Janssen et al. used VA–MWCNT micropillars to induce an unidirectional orientation of chondrocytes [137]. The Young’s modulus of the VA–MWCNT micropillars was in the range of the natural ECM of articular cartilage. The

• proliferation of chondrocytes to achieve unidirectional orientation was controllable by optimizing the size and spacing of VA–MWCNT micropillars. Cell attachment, proliferation, and ECM production reportedly were enhanced by micropillars in comparison to the control groups [137]. Apart from carbon nanotubes for

Alcohol-perturbed self-assembly of the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein

• Ismael Abu-Baker and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 355–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.30

• between in TEM. The bilayer disk has been reported in two different polymorphs: a polar disk with both layers in the same orientation or a bipolar disk with the two layers related by C2 symmetry [18][19][20]. Under basic conditions and at high ionic strength, a four-layer disk aggregate is observed [21

Controllable two- and three-state magnetization switching in single-layer epitaxial Pd_1−xFe_x films and an epitaxial Pd_0.92Fe_0.08/Ag/Pd_0.96Fe_0.04 heterostructure

• Igor V. Yanilkin,
• Amir I. Gumarov,
• Gulnaz F. Gizzatullina,
• Roman V. Yusupov and
• Lenar R. Tagirov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 334–343, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.28

• film (and the substrate). The reference frame orientation with respect to the sample is shown in the insets in Figure 1. When measuring the magnetoresistance, the magnetic field was applied at different angles in three main planes as shown in Figure 1. At any orientation, on approaching zero field, the

• slope with temperature. Lines are drawn using the model of Equation 1. (b) Dependence of the resistance on the orientation of the magnetic field at T = 5 K. The contribution from the electron–magnon scattering is subtracted. Lines are drawn using the model of Equation 2. Dependences of the resistivity

Effects of drug concentration and PLGA addition on the properties of electrospun ampicillin trihydrate-loaded PLA nanofibers

• Tuğba Eren Böncü and
• Nurten Ozdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 245–254, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.19

• composition, porosity, average size, distribution, individual nanofiber orientation, interaction between nanofibers, and arrangement and entanglement of the nanofibers [27][28][29]. When the mechanical properties of PLA nanofibers containing different amounts of drug were examined, the increase in the amount

Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

• Viet Van Pham,
• Hong-Huy Tran,
• Thao Kim Truong and
• Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

• that NO could be absorbed easily on various SnO2(110) surfaces, and it is preferentially adsorbed on the OV site through an N-down orientation. Figure 5 shows the calculation of the energy of NO conversion processes on SnO2(110), SnO2−x(110), and O2 + SnO2−x(110) surfaces. The oxidation of NO on other

Topographic signatures and manipulations of Fe atoms, CO molecules and NaCl islands on superconducting Pb(111)

• Carl Drechsel,
• Philipp D’Astolfo,
• Jung-Ching Liu,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Rémy Pawlak and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1–9, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.1

• , which might be related to a strong interaction with the Pb lattice. While the D features are all aligned in the same direction, the orientation of the T features differs slightly. Both features have an apparent height of ≈0.3 Å, as extracted from the profile of Figure 2b, displayed in Figure 2c. Overall

Heating ability of elongated magnetic nanoparticles

• Elizaveta M. Gubanova,
• Nikolai A. Usov and
• Vladimir A. Oleinikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1404–1412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.104

• sizes. However, the orientation of a dilute assembly of elongated nanoparticles in a magnetic field leads to an almost twofold increase in SAR at the same frequency and amplitude of the alternating magnetic field, the range of optimal particle diameters remaining unchanged. The effect of the magneto

• nanoparticles showed increased SAR [37][38] when the ac magnetic field was applied parallel to the assembly orientation axis. It is worth mentioning that, in nature, some strains of magnetotactic bacteria can synthesize elongated magnetic nanoparticles [39][40][41]. Biogenic magnetic nanoparticles have a

• was shown experimentally [37][38] that the SAR of an assembly can be significantly increased if the assembly is oriented in a strong magnetic field and an ac magnetic field is applied along the assembly orientation axis. Recent study shows [17] that, under certain conditions, the orientation of the

Polarity in cuticular ridge development and insect attachment on leaf surfaces of Schismatoglottis calyptrata (Araceae)

• Venkata A. Surapaneni,
• Tobias Aust,
• Thomas Speck and
• Marc Thielen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1326–1338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.98

• replica corresponded to that of smooth unstructured cells, whereas the surface of the opaque region was covered with dense cuticular ridges. Analysis of individual epidermal cells demonstrated the change of size and orientation of the cells and the ridge islands during the ontogeny (Figure 5). Figure 5a

• progression and growth. Figure 5c shows the frequency distribution of the orientation of the long axes of cells and ridge islands with respect to the midrib of the leaf at all growth stages. Typical examples of data on the orientation of ridges in the ridge islands and the periphery regions for the different

• orientation during stage 2A. Similarly, during stage 3, the ridges were mostly oriented in a zig-zag manner, although on some cells longitudinal alignment of the ridges along the long axes of the cells was observed. During stage 4, the ridge orientation was mostly longitudinally oriented along the long axes

Enhancement of the piezoelectric coefficient in PVDF-TrFe/CoFe₂O₄ nanocomposites through DC magnetic poling

• Marco Fortunato,
• Alessio Tamburrano,
• Maria Paola Bracciale,
• Maria Laura Santarelli and
• Maria Sabrina Sarto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1262–1270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.93

• , the dipoles in PVDF/PVDF-TrFe must be oriented along a preferential direction. The dipole orientation is generally obtained by electrical poling, that is, the application of a strong DC electric field (ca. 106 V·cm−1) at elevated temperature (ca. 120 °C) through top and bottom electrodes [18]. However

• presence of these aggregates will be investigated in the following part dealing with the morphological analysis. Also, temperature plays a relevant role in the orientation of the β phase. As shown in Figure 3, when the DC magnetic poling is performed at RT the value of d33 does not increase as much as in

• the case in which the temperature is kept at 65 °C. Increasing the temperature makes the polymeric nanocomposite softer, thus facilitating the orientation of β phase domains along the magnetic field direction. We have also investigated the effect of the application time of the DC magnetic field on d33

A review on slip boundary conditions at the nanoscale: recent development and applications

• Ruifei Wang,
• Jin Chai,
• Bobo Luo,
• Xiong Liu,
• Jianting Zhang,
• Min Wu,
• Mingdan Wei and
• Zhuanyue Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1237–1251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.91

• limiting cases have been proposed. For periodic alternating stripes with different wettability, it was shown that the maximal and minimal effective slip length can be attained when the stripe orientation is parallel or perpendicular to the streaming flow direction, respectively. Especially, when the stripe

• widths for two-component textures are equal and smaller than the channel height, the variation of the effective slip length with the flow direction is given as follows [111]: where θ indicates the streaming flow direction relative to the stripe orientation, b1 and b2 are the effective slip lengths when

• the liquid flows perpendicularly (θ = 0) and parallelly (θ = π/2) to the stripe orientation, respectively. As it can be seen from Figure 8, MD simulation results show good agreement with Equation 4 and the effective slip length monotonically increases with an increase in θ. 2.4.3 Gas bubbles

Open-loop amplitude-modulation Kelvin probe force microscopy operated in single-pass PeakForce tapping mode

• Gheorghe Stan and
• Pradeep Namboodiri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1115–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.83

• FM-KPFM are insensitive to the selected tip–sample orientation. Thus, when the cantilever is over the Au region (Figure 1b), the CPD measured over Au is the same in both AM-KPFM (left part of Figure 1d) and FM-KPFM (left part of Figure 1e) but significantly lower over the Al region in the AM-KPFM map

• . The value determined for CPDnon-local becomes less accurate when the region underneath the cantilever has large variations in surface potential. By adjusting the relative orientation of the cantilever with respect to the scanned area (i.e., sample rotation or scanning at a different angle), an average

Is the Ne operation of the helium ion microscope suitable for electron backscatter diffraction sample preparation?

• Annalena Wolff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 965–983, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.73

• study of microstructure, grain size, and orientation as well as strain of a crystallographic sample. In addition, the technique can be used for phase analysis. A mirror-flat sample surface is required for this analysis technique and different polishing approaches have been used over the years. A

• spectroscopy (WDS). The sample surface is conventionally tilted to 70° for the measurement and the backscatter diffraction of the SEM beam electrons leads to the formation of Kikuchi patterns on the EBSD phosphor screen which are characteristic of the crystal structure and orientation of the sample at the scan

• to create TEM grids has induced this strain and the result is not unexpected. An EBSD orientation map of the non-irradiated copper sample was recorded over a 39 µm field of view using a 39 nm step size on a sufficiently flat sample area for 14.5 h. 20% zero solutions we returned for that specific

Self-assembly of Eucalyptus gunnii wax tubules and pure ß-diketone on HOPG and glass

• Miriam Anna Huth,
• Axel Huth and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 939–949, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.70

• mass deposition, also known as “coffee ring effect” [36], was visible in low magnification. In areas of very high mass accumulation, both substances assembled into plates with a random orientation and into tubules on both substrates. On areas with lower mass accumulation, different structures were

• where platelets were denser, they were connected with each other and formed a structured network (comparable to Figure 2b). ß-Diketone also formed platelets that were similar in form and orientation to those formed from plant wax. However, entire platelets rather than irregular ones were formed. The

• platelets were longer (0.5–6 µm) and either stood vertically in a parallel orientation or formed acute angles with each other (Figure 3b). Their upper edges were grooved and thicker on their endings (Figure 3b,d,f). Recrystallization on glass Similar to SEM micrographs, AFM images also showed that a high

In situ transport characterization of magnetic states in Nb/Co superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures

• Olena M. Kapran,
• Roman Morari,
• Taras Golod,
• Evgenii A. Borodianskyi,
• Vladimir Boian,
• Andrei Prepelita,
• Nikolay Klenov,
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko and
• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 913–923, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.68

• unconventional odd-frequency spin-triplet order parameter should appear. The non-hysteretic nature of this state allows for reversible tuning of the magnetic orientation. Thus, we identify the range of parameters and the procedure for in situ control of devices based on S/F heterostructures. Keywords: cryogenic

• relative orientation of magnetizations in several F-layers [18][19][22][23][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. However, the practical realization of such devices is complicated because neither ways of controlling many degrees of freedom in S/F multilayers, nor methods for monitoring magnetic

• magnetic state implies a possibility of variation of a relative magnetization orientation in neighbor F-layers, which requires different coercive fields. To facilitate this, we use dissimilar Co layers with thicknesses of 1.5 and 2.5 nm. Nb/Co MLs with similar Co thicknesses have been studied earlier and

The role of convolutional neural networks in scanning probe microscopy: a review

• Ido Azuri,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Neta Regev-Rudzki,
• Georg Fantner and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 878–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.66

• , and image classification is one of the most basic tasks. “Classifying” means assigning the image to a specific category [7], such as dog/cat for kind of animal, healthy/diseased for cells, particular orientation/configuration for an adsorbed molecule. There could be many different classes in a data

• analogy of neural networks to the physiological ones was furthered in the 1962 work of Hubel and Wiesel, which showed that a set of neurons arranged in a column extending inwards from the brain surface all respond to stimuli of a specific orientation and location [27]. For instance, a particular column

Recent progress in actuation technologies of micro/nanorobots

• Ke Xu and
• Bing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 756–765, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.59

• freestyle swimming mode. The speed and orientation of the robot can be adjusted remotely by adjusting the magnetic field. The maximum speed is 59.6 μm/s, which is equivalent to a relative speed of about twelve body lengths per second. For the first time, oscillating magnetic fields were used to generate a

Physical constraints lead to parallel evolution of micro- and nanostructures of animal adhesive pads: a review

• Thies H. Büscher and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 725–743, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.57

• under compression but strong under tension, (4) anisotropy in fibre orientation, and (5) presence of fluid in the contact area. Adaptation to fractal substrate surfaces due to hierarchical organization Hairs with high aspect ratios in the hairy systems and internal fibres/filaments of smooth systems

• represents their main structure/functional similarity to hairy pads. Anisotropy in fibre orientation Since fibres are normally not oriented perpendicularly to the pad surface (Figure 7), but rather at some angle (45–60°) and sloped into the distal direction, they do not buckle but rather bend under load

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

• Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

• properties of helium ion-irradiated silicon nanopillars have since been investigated as well, observing a softening behavior upon amorphization and swelling [89]. Helium ion irradiation of single-crystal diamond nanopillars has revealed an orientation dependence of the irradiation damage and associated

Impact of GaAs(100) surface preparation on EQE of AZO/Al₂O₃/p-GaAs photovoltaic structures

• Piotr Caban,
• Rafał Pietruszka,
• Jarosław Kaszewski,
• Monika Ożga,
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski,
• Krzysztof Kopalko,
• Piotr Kuźmiuk,
• Katarzyna Gwóźdź,
• Ewa Płaczek-Popko,
• Krystyna Lawniczak-Jablonska and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 578–592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.48

• ][18][19]. Many protocols for etching solutions are known. Depending on the requirements (e.g., etched compound – oxide or semiconductor, etching profiles, etching rate, ability to remove contaminants – heavy metals, and crystallographic orientation of the substrate) one can use a suitable solution [20

Influence of electrospray deposition on C₆₀ molecular assemblies

• Antoine Hinaut,
• Sebastian Scherb,
• Sara Freund,
• Zhao Liu,
• Thilo Glatzel and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 552–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.45

• reactivity of the surface, the presence of defects, already reported [37] and visible as small holes, should be noted. C60 on the surface can easily be identified as large bright areas corresponding to monolayer islands. These islands show irregular contour paths without preferential orientation as well as

• = 1.079 MHz, A2 = 800 pm, Δf2 = −30 Hz; (c, e) f1 = 152 kHz, A1 = 8 nm, Δf1 = −8 Hz. The crystal lattice orientation is shown in (b). Scale bar: (a–c) 100 nm, (d) 2 nm, (e) 10 nm. C60 on a NiO(001) surface. (a) Large scale topography nc-AFM image after TE; inset: zoom on an island with molecular

Determining amplitude and tilt of a lateral force microscopy sensor

• Oliver Gretz,
• Alfred J. Weymouth,
• Thomas Holzmann,
• Korbinian Pürckhauer and
• Franz J. Giessibl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 517–524, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.42

• Supporting Information File 1. (a) Sketch of the qPlus sensor in LFM orientation with amplitude A and the sensor tilt θ. (b) Photograph of a qPlus sensor glued perpendicularly on a sensor holder shown by the white substrate. Simulated Morse potential interaction for a LFM setup and comparison to normal AFM