Characterization of ion track-etched conical nanopores in thermal and PECVD SiO₂ using small angle X-ray scattering

• Shankar Dutt,
• Rudradeep Chakraborty,
• Christian Notthoff,
• Pablo Mota-Santiago,
• Christina Trautmann and
• Patrick Kluth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 899–909, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.68

• nanopores in different materials, which is essential for optimizing membrane performance in applications that require precise pore geometry. Keywords: etched ion tracks; SiO2; small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS); swift heavy ion irradiation; track-etched nanopores; Introduction Solid-state nanopores have

• ion track-etched nanopores is crucial to optimize their fabrication for specific applications. Here we focus on characterizing size, geometry, and size distribution of track-etched nanopores in thermal and PECVD SiO2 as these parameters are critical for membrane performance in specific applications

• nanoporous systems reported in the literature [50] as the pore distributions can exceed 50% in existing systems. The use of different SiO2 compositions allows for tuning of the pore geometry, which can have a significant influence on performance in different applications [51][35][52][53]. The new analytical

Ar⁺ implantation-induced tailoring of RF-sputtered ZnO films: structural, morphological, and optical properties

• Manu Bura,
• Divya Gupta,
• Arun Kumar and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 872–886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.66

• are versatile in developing high-performance electro-optical and spintronic devices [18]. Experimental ZnO films are grown on a quartz substrate (1 × 1 cm2) using a ZnO (99.99%) target (2″ diameter and 3 mm thickness) in a radio frequency (RF) sputtering system. The quartz substrate is ultrasonically

Insights into the electronic and atomic structures of cerium oxide-based ultrathin films and nanostructures using high-brilliance light sources

• Paola Luches and
• Federico Boscherini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 860–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.65

• transport properties in the presence of specific gases, due to the redox reactions that take place on the surface [12][13]. An atomic level understanding of the structure–function relationship in this oxide is essential for guiding the design of efficient materials to optimize the performance of the

Synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of sodium adsorption on vertically arranged MoS₂ layers coated with pyrolytic carbon

• Alexander V. Okotrub,
• Anastasiya D. Fedorenko,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Veronica S. Sulyaeva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva and
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 847–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.64

• Berlin, Germany Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 14109 Berlin, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.16.64 Abstract Hybrid materials consisting of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and graphitic-like carbon have great potential for practical application as anodes in high-performance sodium-ion batteries

• resulting in low electrical conductivity and huge volume expansion of the anode material limits the application of MoS2 anodes in high-energy SIBs. Thus, the main issues that need to be addressed for SIBs with MoS2 anodes are long-term stability and high rate performance. Conducting graphitic-like carbon

• additives have been proposed as an effective way to solve the problem of electrical conductivity and stability of MoS2 anodes [6]. To date, several hybrid MoS2–carbon anode materials have been developed, which have demonstrated excellent cycling stability and rate performance in SIBs, as well as high

Facile one-step radio frequency magnetron sputtering of Ni/NiO on stainless steel for an efficient electrode for hydrogen evolution reaction

• Ha Huu Do,
• Khac Binh Nguyen,
• Phuong N. Nguyen and
• Hoai Phuong Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 837–846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.63

• efficiency. The evaluation of catalytic activities revealed that the optimal sample of Ni/NiO/SS-10 displayed a higher HER performance than bare SS. To produce H2 at a current density of 10 mA·cm−2, this electrode required a low overpotential of 184 mV and demonstrated remarkable durability over 12 h of

• , such as MoS2, WS2, CoSe2, and NiSe2, which displayed potential performance in acidic media [14][15][16]. However, their HER efficacy is poor in alkaline environments because of the lack of available protons, resulting in a high required voltage to cleave H–OH bonds. To resolve this problem, many groups

• electrocatalytic applications [30]. For instance, Wang et al. deposited nickel–iron on SS, which was used as a high-performance electrode for water oxidation [31]. Hence, in this study, we utilized commercial 304 SS and coated it with the Ni/NiO catalyst through a one-step radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering

Synthesis and magnetic transitions of rare-earth-free Fe–Mn–Ni–Si-based compositionally complex alloys at bulk and nanoscale

• Shabbir Tahir,
• Tatiana Smoliarova,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia Shkodich and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 823–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.62

• reliable alloy production method, we aim to create sustainable magnetic materials. Additionally, we compare the composition and magnetic transitions of the CCAs at the nanoscale to assess how these factors influence material magnetic performance. This research addresses the economic challenges associated

• magnetocaloric performance and lower hysteretic losses at low temperatures. Beyond their magnetic properties, Al-based CCAs offer notable economic and material availability advantages. As Al is significantly more cost-effective and abundant than Ge, Al-based CCAs present a scalable and sustainable alternative

Supramolecular hydration structure of graphene-based hydrogels: density functional theory, green chemistry and interface application

• Hon Nhien Le,
• Duy Khanh Nguyen,
• Minh Triet Dang,
• Huyen Trinh Nguyen,
• Thi Bang Tam Dao,
• Trung Do Nguyen,
• Chi Nhan Ha Thuc and
• Van Hieu Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 806–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.61

• supramolecular hydration structures that preserve graphene nanosheets from the restacking through hydrophobic force, van der Waals force, and π–π interaction. In this manuscript, density functional theory and high-performance computing (HPC) are used for modeling and calculating van der Waals force between

• described in the results and discussion. Methods Computation method of density functional theory First-principles calculations based on DFT were conducted using the Vienna ab initio simulation software (VASP) and a high-performance computing system (HPC). The projector-augmented wave method (PAW) was

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• related to FeS2 [3]. Pyrite has shown outstanding performance and a long shelf life as a high-capacity cathode and has been utilized in batteries [4]. Pyrite has also been identified as a promising material for effectively removing environmental contaminants in the environment near the surface of the

• performance by first fabricating amorphous iron oxide films on normal glass substrates by spray pyrolysis followed by heating in sulfur atmosphere at 350 and 400 °C [20]. For pyrite film fabrication, solvothermal or hydrothermal and chemical synthetic routes are generally adopted [21][22][23]. Henríquez et al

• presented. Photodiode configuration of n-Si/p-FeS2 is achieved using nanocolloids synthesized in IPA and DMF. Annealing of these structures is also done in vacuum at different temperatures to improve their film properties and device performance. The photodiodes prepared using thin films of these

Serum heat inactivation diminishes ApoE-mediated uptake of D-Lin-MC3-DMA lipid nanoparticles

• Demian van Straten,
• Luuk van de Schepop,
• Rowan Frunt,
• Pieter Vader and
• Raymond M. Schiffelers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 740–748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.57

• surface of nanoparticles after administration has garnered substantial attention due to the significant effects it has on their performance. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) depend on protein corona formation to mediate their targeting. Such protein–nanoparticle interactions are often initially studied using in

• upon heat inactivation of FCS, thereby negatively influencing uptake and cargo delivery of MC3 LNPs, but not C12 LNPs. Our results underline the importance of overlooked factors in in vitro experiments that can inadvertently affect LNP performance. These findings can help to improve protocols to study

• and efficacy [1]. It is becoming increasingly clear that the biological fate and overall performance of nanoparticles are influenced by their interaction with the bioenvironment. As a nanoparticle interacts with a biological matrix upon administration, a layer of biomolecules, primarily composed of

Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

• Uyen Bao Tran,
• Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
• Khai The Truong,
• Dat Anh Nguyen,
• Quang Nhat Tran,
• Huu-Quang Nguyen,
• Jaebeom Lee and
• Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

• were characterized, and the TC adsorption efficiency of PGC was assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy (HPLC-MS). Elemental analysis of PGC identified four key mechanisms governing its endothermic TC adsorption mechanism: surface complexation, electrostatic interactions

• high porosity and a large specific surface area, have demonstrated adsorption efficiency across a wide pH range [17]. Although previous studies have offered valuable insights, further research is needed to optimize the structural and compositional properties of materials to improve their performance

• assess the cross-linking performance of GA and PVA and to elucidate the role of Zn2+ in cellulose dissolution. The adsorption of TC onto PGC was explained by the formation of Ca2+–TC chelate complexes, as well as electrostatic interactions, CH–π interactions, and hydrogen bonding interactions between the

Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor

• Tina Friedenauer,
• Maximilian Spellauge,
• Alexander Sommereyns,
• Verena Labenski,
• Tuba Esatbeyoglu,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Heinz P. Huber and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55

• yield of submicrometer particles and nanoparticles was quantified using UV–vis extinction spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and analytical centrifugation, while high-performance liquid chromatography determined degradation. We found improved fragmentation efficiency at lower mass

• for CBD was 207 nm. The ratio of LP1 to LP0 results in the percentage extinction enhancement that is shown in Figure 2A for curcumin and Figure 2B for CBD. High-performance liquid chromatography The purity of curcumin and CBD was analyzed using a Nexera SCL-40 liquid chromatography system with a DGU

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

• Matteo Amati,
• Alexey S. Shkvarin,
• Alexander I. Merentsov,
• Alexander N. Titov,
• María Taeño,
• David Maestre,
• Sarah R. McKibbin,
• Zygmunt Milosz,
• Ana Cremades,
• Rainer Timm and
• Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

• Alliance (BRTA), Alava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain Department of Physics, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden 10.3762/bjnano.16.54 Abstract Nanostructured materials play a key role in modern technologies adding new functionalities and improving the performance of

• technologies associated with electronics, energy conversion and storage, and many other fields due to their unique physical properties which may open unforeseen doors for technical and performance advances [5][6][7][8]. The full chain of steps necessary for the implementation of nanostructured materials in

• , optoelectronic, or photovoltaic devices, as they combine a direct bandgap of tunable size with high charge carrier mobility [20]. Furthermore, they can be grown on Si substrates [21][22], which enables integration with a well-established technology platform and constrains the use of high performance, but

High-temperature epitaxial growth of tantalum nitride thin films on MgO: structural evolution and potential for SQUID applications

• Michelle Cedillo Rosillo,
• Oscar Contreras López,
• Jesús Antonio Díaz,
• Agustín Conde Gallardo and
• Harvi A. Castillo Cuero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 690–699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.53

• substrate temperature appears crucial for achieving desirable superconducting performance, making these films promising candidates for applications in superconducting electronics. Experimental TaN thin films were synthesized while systematically varying substrate temperature within the 700–850 °C range and

• atom %, and the carbon concentration fell to 0 atom %. These reductions in oxygen and carbon impurities are essential for improving the film’s quality, as both elements can introduce defects that degrade the superconducting performance. At a lower nitrogen pressure of 60 mTorr, the atomic

• phase is significantly reduced, and the δ-TaN phase becomes the major phase present in the film. This increased phase purity and the sharper diffraction peaks indicate enhanced crystallinity, aligning with the structural requirements for high-performance superconducting films. The most significant

The impact of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane hole transport layer doping on interfacial charge extraction and recombination

• Konstantinos Bidinakis and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 678–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.52

• strong influence on the overall efficiency and stability in perovskite solar cell devices. Specifically, the charge extraction and recombination occurring at the interfaces between the perovskite and these materials can be a limiting factor for performance. A lot of effort has been put into improving the

• devices are the small molecule 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) and the polymer poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA). In this work, we investigate the impact of hole transport layer doping on the performance and potential distribution

• as grain boundaries and interfacial defect states that hinder performance. Specifically, since the interaction of adjacent layers at the interfaces of a solar cell is an important limiting factor for its operation, there is a need for dedicated studies regarding interfacial behavior. Kelvin probe

Aprepitant-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: a novel approach to enhance oral bioavailability

• Mazhar Hussain,
• Muhammad Farooq,
• Muhammad Asad Saeed,
• Muhammad Ijaz,
• Sherjeel Adnan,
• Zeeshan Masood,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Wafa Ishaq and
• Nabeela Ameer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 652–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.50

• drug content was determined via high-performance liquid chromatography at λmax = 210 nm. Analysis was performed by utilizing a C18 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm, Shim-pack Substance, Japan) at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min and at 40 °C. Tests were performed utilizing a combination of 0.1% phosphoric acid in

Nanoscale capacitance spectroscopy based on multifrequency electrostatic force microscopy

• Pascal N. Rohrbeck,
• Lukas D. Cavar,
• Franjo Weber,
• Peter G. Reichel,
• Mara Niebling and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 637–651, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.49

• way for the design of materials with tailored functionalities [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Dielectric properties are fundamental for understanding the behavior and performance of various material systems, as they directly influence charge storage, polarization, and energy dissipation mechanisms. For instance

• variations influence key properties such as charge transport, polarization dynamics, and defect distributions, directly impacting the performance of microelectronic and energy systems [14][15]. Understanding these effects requires correlating nanoscale dielectric properties with structural and morphological

• its performance with established techniques through capacitance imaging of a model microcapacitor system and a perfluoroalkyl-alkane F(CF2)14(CH2)20H (F14H20) sample. Theory Multifrequency electrostatic force microscopy The electrostatic force FES between tip and sample can be understood in terms of

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• electrospun polymer fibers is affected by electric field intensity, solution viscosity, charge density of the solution, and solution supply rate [56]. The size of the fibers also affects the performance of electrospun nanofiber composites [57]. Numerous polymers and precursors including polylactic acid, PU

• performance. Newly accessible biostable PUs have shown promise in addressing these issues. After six months of implantation, biostable PUs improved blood compatibility, preserved leaflet flexibility, and maintained regular valve performance. This suggests that the biostable PUs could enhance the longevity and

• performance of artificial heart valve prostheses [135]. Several studies focused on creating novel PU compounds with constituents that are less susceptible to oxidative breakdown after realizing the necessity of PU with improved biostability after long-term implantation, especially regarding the soft grades

Feasibility analysis of carbon nanofiber synthesis and morphology control using a LPG premixed flame

• Iftikhar Rahman Bishal,
• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Faizuan Bin Abdullah,
• I Putu Tedy Indrayana and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.45

• desirable to improve the component performance. The work has proven that flame synthesis of CNFs using commercial LPG is feasible, paving the way for further exploration into cost-efficient CNF production with potential industrial applications. Keywords: carbon nanofiber (CNF); equivalence ratio; flame

Functionalized gold nanoflowers on carbon screen-printed electrodes: an electrochemical platform for biosensing hemagglutinin protein of influenza A H1N1 virus

• Carlos Enrique Torres-Méndez,
• Sharmilee Nandi,
• Klara Martinovic,
• Patrizia Kühne,
• Yifan Liu,
• Sam Taylor,
• Maria Lysandrou,
• Maria Ines Berrojo Romeyro Mascarenhas,
• Viktoria Langwallner,
• Javier Enrique Sebastián Alonso,
• Ivana Jovanovic,
• Maike Lüftner,
• Georgia-Vasiliki Gkountana,
• David Bern,
• Abdul-Raouf Atif,
• Ehsan Manouchehri Doulabi,
• Gemma Mestres and
• Masood Kamali-Moghaddam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 540–550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.42

• the scan rate (Figure 6), suggesting that the reduction and oxidation of the complex [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− is a diffusion-controlled process. The performance of mouse monoclonal influenza A H1N1 hemagglutinin antibodies was tested using sandwich ELISA. They were selected as biorecognition element in our

• electrodeposited gold nanoflowers and the functionalization with 4-aminothiophenol. Furthermore, the developed biosensor can be attached to a 3D-printed microfluidic system to be used as a point-of-care device without any significant deleterious effect on the electrochemical performance of the biosensor

Zeolite materials with Ni and Co: synthesis and catalytic potential in the selective hydrogenation of citral

• Inocente Rodríguez-Iznaga,
• Yailen Costa Marrero,
• Tania Farias Piñeira,
• Céline Fontaine,
• Lexane Paget,
• Beatriz Concepción Rosabal,
• Arbelio Penton Madrigal,
• Vitalii Petranovskii and
• Gwendoline Lafaye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 520–529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.40

• chemicals, fragrances, and other high-value products [11]. The catalysts preferred for this reaction are currently based on noble metals because of their excellent performance [12][13]. However, their high cost and scarcity requires strategies to reduce their use or replace them with non-noble alternatives

• through traditional ion exchange (IE) and impregnation (Imp) processes. Emphasis is put on analyzing the cationic and anionic composition of the materials resulting from both methods and the catalytic performance in citral hydrogenation with a focus on enhancing the formation of unsaturated alcohols

• profiles. In order to improve these results, the CoNiZIE catalyst was subjected to in situ reduction at 500 °C for 2 h under H2 flow prior to the catalytic test. However, this high reduction temperature resulted to be deleterious to the catalytic performance. While the catalytic performance of CoNiZIE in

N₂⁺-implantation-induced tailoring of structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of sputtered molybdenum thin films

• Usha Rani,
• Kafi Devi,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 495–509, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.38

• technological applications owing to their outstanding characteristics. The high melting point and stability of molybdenum ensure that it remains structurally intact under the harsh operating conditions of solar cells [1][2]. This stability is essential for long-term reliability and performance. The low

• sputtering allows for precise control of film thickness, shape, and stoichiometry, making it a key method for preparing films with specific characteristics [12]. Numerous approaches exist to improve the performance of thin films, including ion implantation techniques that enable precise alteration of

• , under incident helium ion energies of 50 to 100 eV. Nitrogen gas offers a fascinating opportunity for ion implantation in Mo thin films because of its high reactivity [22]. The incorporation of nitrogen ions alters the characteristics of Mo thin films, potentially improving their performance in a wide

Performance optimization of a microwave-coupled plasma-based ultralow-energy ECR ion source for silicon nanostructuring

• Joy Mukherjee,
• Safiul Alam Mollick,
• Tanmoy Basu and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 484–494, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.37

Impact of adsorbate–substrate interaction on nanostructured thin films growth during low-pressure condensation

• Alina V. Dvornichenko,
• Vasyl O. Kharchenko and
• Dmitrii O. Kharchenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 473–483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.36

• , crystallinity, and surface chemistry of the films is crucial for optimizing performance in these applications. In adsorption–desorption processes, where materials are deposited from the gas phase, experimental techniques enable the study the formation of clusters or islands of adsorbed molecules/atoms, which

Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment

• Ana Cubillo Alvarez,
• Dylan Maguire and
• Ruairí P. Brannigan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34

• , and the successful delivery of ASOs into HepG2 and HeLa cells, with the modified DGL–DCA nanocomposites showing superior performance in promoting lysosomal escape compared to unmodified versions. Additionally, the analysis of HIF-1α mRNA expression levels and HIF-1α protein assays confirmed that the

• approximately 65% inhibition of EGFR expression in MCF-7 cells. This was comparable to the performance of Lipofectamine 2000, a commercial transfection reagent. Furthermore, the micelleplexes showed minimal cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity, making them a promising and safer alternative for in vivo siRNA

• stability and transfection efficiency of DNA–PLL complexes. The study found that the incorporation of PLG significantly improved the performance of the gene delivery system, with the PLG-conjugated complexes achieving up to 25-fold higher transfection efficiency compared to unmodified complexes. Although

Biomimetics and bioinspired surfaces: from nature to theory and applications

• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira,
• Thies H. Büscher,
• Manuela Rebora,
• Poramate Manoonpong,
• Zhendong Dai and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 418–421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.32

• influence their performance and at drawing inspiration for modern technology from the vast array of solutions found in nature [1]. By examining the multiscale structures and mechanisms in biological systems, innovative and technologically advanced solutions can be developed for practical applications

• ageing [3]. Gorb and Gorb [2] experimentally investigated how different plant waxes affect the attachment performance of leaf beetles and how the adhesive system of these beetles are vulnerable to the shape and dimensions of wax contaminations. A study on larger insects (stick insects) with a

• considerable long-life expectancy by Grote et al. [3] focused on the structure and performance changes of the adhesive system during aging. The attachment performance of these insects decreases with increasing age, and was shown to be related to changes of the attachment pads regarding their elasticity