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Search for "polycrystalline" in Full Text gives 245 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Advanced scanning probe lithography using anatase-to-rutile transition to create localized TiO2 nanorods

  • Julian Kalb,
  • Vanessa Knittel and
  • Lukas Schmidt-Mende

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 412–418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.40

Graphical Abstract
  • directly on polycrystalline anatase TiO2 films. The resulting nanorod arrangements are compared with similar structures obtained with conventional electron-beam lithography, which is a more expensive and laborious procedure. The method is drafted in Figure 1. A silicon tip, as it is used in a conventional
  • done in argon (20 sccm) at a pressure of 6.7 × 10−3 mbar. Subsequently, the sample was annealed at 850 °C in oxygen (500 sccm) for 2 h resulting in a polycrystalline anatase TiO2 film. Optionally, an additional 3 nm thin SiO2 layer was placed on the anatase film with RC sputter deposition. Scanning
  • aperture of 10 μm. The aluminium was dissolved in a 0.5 molar NaOH bath within 12 s. The samples were developed in methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) for 25 s and cleaned with isopropanol. In case of electron-beam lithography, a polycrystalline rutile TiO2 films was fabricated as a seed layer for the
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Published 08 Feb 2019

Integration of LaMnO3+δ films on platinized silicon substrates for resistive switching applications by PI-MOCVD

  • Raquel Rodriguez-Lamas,
  • Dolors Pla,
  • Odette Chaix-Pluchery,
  • Benjamin Meunier,
  • Fabrice Wilhelm,
  • Andrei Rogalev,
  • Laetitia Rapenne,
  • Xavier Mescot,
  • Quentin Rafhay,
  • Hervé Roussel,
  • Michel Boudard,
  • Carmen Jiménez and
  • Mónica Burriel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 389–398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.38

Graphical Abstract
  • ] have been used for the deposition of epitaxial and polycrystalline LMO and doped LMO thin films enabling the control of the oxygen and cation stoichiometry. Since the precursor solution is simply prepared by dissolution of metalorganic species, the stoichiometry of the film is easily tuneable by
  • phases. XRD was measured in grazing incidence configuration (GIXRD) in a 5-circle Rigaku Smartlab diffractometer to enhance the diffraction signal from the polycrystalline films and minimize the signal of the platinized silicon substrate. Raman spectra were collected using a Jobin Yvon/Horiba Labram
  • thickness (80–100 nm) grown by strategy I (Figure 3A), strategy II (Figure 3B) and strategy III (Figure 3C). All films are polycrystalline and highly compact with average grain sizes of 15 ± 4 nm, 18 ± 4 nm, and 22 ± 4 nm, respectively. Moreover, the LMO films are homogeneous and do not exhibit porosity
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Published 07 Feb 2019

Heating ability of magnetic nanoparticles with cubic and combined anisotropy

  • Nikolai A. Usov,
  • Mikhail S. Nesmeyanov,
  • Elizaveta M. Gubanova and
  • Natalia B. Epshtein

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 305–314, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.29

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  • nanoparticles single crystals or do they have a mostly polycrystalline structure? What is the influence of the shape anisotropy on the particle behavior? The knowledge of the actual experimental situation is necessary to predict the heating ability of a real assembly of magnetic nanoparticles. It has been
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Published 29 Jan 2019

A Ni(OH)2 nanopetals network for high-performance supercapacitors synthesized by immersing Ni nanofoam in water

  • Donghui Zheng,
  • Man Li,
  • Yongyan Li,
  • Chunling Qin,
  • Yichao Wang and
  • Zhifeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 281–293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.27

Graphical Abstract
  • , respectively. The SAED pattern taken from a single nanopetal shown in Figure 3e indicates that the Ni(OH)2 nanopetals are polycrystalline. The diffraction rings belong to the (100), (101), and (110) planes of Ni(OH)2, respectively, which is consistent with the XRD results and can further confirm the successful
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Published 25 Jan 2019

Relation between thickness, crystallite size and magnetoresistance of nanostructured La1−xSrxMnyO3±δ films for magnetic field sensors

  • Rasuole Lukose,
  • Valentina Plausinaitiene,
  • Milita Vagner,
  • Nerija Zurauskiene,
  • Skirmantas Kersulis,
  • Virgaudas Kubilius,
  • Karolis Motiejuitis,
  • Birute Knasiene,
  • Voitech Stankevic,
  • Zita Saltyte,
  • Martynas Skapas,
  • Algirdas Selskis and
  • Evaldas Naujalis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 256–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.24

Graphical Abstract
  • show no secondary phases, only the characteristic peaks associated with the Al2O3 substrate and polycrystalline LSMO films with a perovskite-like crystal structure with rhombohedral distortions (the space group ) for both deposition series. The shift of the characteristic LSMO peaks to higher θ/2θ
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Letter
Published 23 Jan 2019

Uniform Sb2S3 optical coatings by chemical spray method

  • Jako S. Eensalu,
  • Atanas Katerski,
  • Erki Kärber,
  • Ilona Oja Acik,
  • Arvo Mere and
  • Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 198–210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.18

Graphical Abstract
  • controllable in-air growth of continuous, uniform, polycrystalline Sb2S3 absorber layers has not yet been accomplished. This could be achieved with chemical spray pyrolysis, a robust chemical method for deposition of thin films. We applied a two-stage process to produce continuous Sb2S3 optical coatings with
  • produced polycrystalline uniform films of Sb2S3 (Eg 1.8 eV) with a post-deposition thermal treatment of amorphous Sb2S3 layers in vacuum at 170 °C, <4 × 10−6 Torr for 5 minutes. The effects of the deposition temperature, the precursor molar ratio and the thermal treatment temperature on the Sb2S3 layers
  • ratio solution at 250 °C in air yielded separate Sb2S3 grains, which did not cover the TiO2 substrate entirely, whereas spraying the Sb/S 1:3 solution yielded an inhomogeneous mix of amorphous and polycrystalline Sb2S3 [12]. We learned to produce continuous uniform layers of polycrystalline Sb2S3 by a
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Published 15 Jan 2019

Scanning probe microscopy for energy-related materials

  • Rüdiger Berger,
  • Benjamin Grévin,
  • Philippe Leclère and
  • Yi Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 132–134, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.12

Graphical Abstract
  • beyond the scope of solar cells. Katherine Atamanuk and co-workers impressively demonstrate that SPM methods can also be used to perform tomography [7]. They apply photoconducting scanning force microscopy for mapping the open-circuit voltage of cadmium telluride (CdTe) polycrystalline thin film solar
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Editorial
Published 10 Jan 2019

Zn/F-doped tin oxide nanoparticles synthesized by laser pyrolysis: structural and optical properties

  • Florian Dumitrache,
  • Iuliana P. Morjan,
  • Elena Dutu,
  • Ion Morjan,
  • Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
  • Monica Scarisoreanu,
  • Alina Ilie,
  • Marius Dumitru,
  • Cristian Mihailescu,
  • Adriana Smarandache and
  • Gabriel Prodan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.2

Graphical Abstract
  • solutions [13] and iv.) iron by laser pyrolysis [14][15] or by electron beam evaporation [16]. Cobalt-doped tin oxide has also been reported, and the resulting polycrystalline films were prepared by spin-coating and annealing from chloride ethanolic solutions resulted in lower bandgap values than pure SnO2
  • performed at room temperature using the X-ray diffraction equipment X-Pert PRO MPD from PANalytical. The data is transmitted and then processed by the PANalytical X'Pert High-Score Plus software package. The XRD analytical method use the setup for polycrystalline powders in which the sample is exposed in
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Published 02 Jan 2019

Apparent tunneling barrier height and local work function of atomic arrays

  • Neda Noei,
  • Alexander Weismann and
  • Richard Berndt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3048–3052, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.283

Graphical Abstract
  • operated at 4.5 K. Cu(111) surfaces were cleaned by Ar+ sputter/anneal cycles. W tips were electrochemically etched from polycrystalline wire. After sputtering, they were further prepared in situ by indenting them into the Cu(111) substrate. Because of this procedure, the tips were presumably covered with
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Letter
Published 17 Dec 2018

Size limits of magnetic-domain engineering in continuous in-plane exchange-bias prototype films

  • Alexander Gaul,
  • Daniel Emmrich,
  • Timo Ueltzhöffer,
  • Henning Huckfeldt,
  • Hatice Doğanay,
  • Johanna Hackl,
  • Muhammad Imtiaz Khan,
  • Daniel M. Gottlob,
  • Gregor Hartmann,
  • André Beyer,
  • Dennis Holzinger,
  • Slavomír Nemšák,
  • Claus M. Schneider,
  • Armin Gölzhäuser,
  • Günter Reiss and
  • Arno Ehresmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2968–2979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.276

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  • observed DW structure is reproduced qualitatively in the simulations except for their widths appearing wider in the experiments. This difference is attributed to the signal averaging due to the MFM tip size, to the polycrystalline fine structure of the layer system causing local anisotropy fluctuations [43
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Published 03 Dec 2018

In situ characterization of nanoscale contaminations adsorbed in air using atomic force microscopy

  • Jesús S. Lacasa,
  • Lisa Almonte and
  • Jaime Colchero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2925–2935, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.271

Graphical Abstract
  • showing a small irregular corrugation (2 nm), which is typical of the silicon substrate on which the thin platinum film (nominally 20 nm thickness) is evaporated. On a smaller scale (image not shown) this sample shows the rounded structure of the polycrystalline platinum grains (ca. 20 nm lateral size
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Published 23 Nov 2018

Controlling surface morphology and sensitivity of granular and porous silver films for surface-enhanced Raman scattering, SERS

  • Sherif Okeil and
  • Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2813–2831, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.263

Graphical Abstract
  • oxidized silver film was performed with a hydrogen plasma at a power of 200 W and a chamber pressure of 0.38 mbar for 20 min in order to ensure complete reduction of the silver oxide film. Oxidation of sputtered silver films with oxygen plasma yields a polycrystalline silver oxide film with distinct grain
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Published 07 Nov 2018

Variation of the photoluminescence spectrum of InAs/GaAs heterostructures grown by ion-beam deposition

  • Alexander S. Pashchenko,
  • Leonid S. Lunin,
  • Eleonora M. Danilina and
  • Sergei N. Chebotarev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2794–2801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.261

Graphical Abstract
  • /cm2. The covering of QDs by the i-GaAs layer was accompanied by an increase of the temperature to 550 °C. InAs/GaAs heterostructures with potential barriers of GaAsBi Growth of GaAs1−xBix layers was carried out using polycrystalline targets, which were made as follows. The batch composition was
  • calculated in accordance with the solid phase composition of the finished GaAs1−xBix target. The total mass of the melt was calculated taking into account the ingot volume of the polycrystalline target. After chemical treatment, the components of the batch were placed in a graphite container. Heating of the
  • melt. The resulting polycrystalline ingot was cut to 2 mm thick plates. For investigation of the influence of the potential barrier material on the photoluminescence properties of InAs/GaAs heterostructures, experimental samples with GaAs1−xBix potential barriers with bismuth fractions of 1, 3 and 5
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Published 02 Nov 2018

Contactless photomagnetoelectric investigations of 2D semiconductors

  • Marian Nowak,
  • Marcin Jesionek,
  • Barbara Solecka,
  • Piotr Szperlich,
  • Piotr Duka and
  • Anna Starczewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2741–2749, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.256

Graphical Abstract
  • (). Experimental The investigated graphene samples were supplied by Graphene Supermarket. The single-layer graphene films were grown by CVD processing on a cooper foil and transferred onto a 170 μm thick polyethylene terephthalate (PET) foil. The polycrystalline graphene films covered about 90% of the foil, with
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Published 25 Oct 2018

Size-selected Fe3O4–Au hybrid nanoparticles for improved magnetism-based theranostics

  • Maria V. Efremova,
  • Yulia A. Nalench,
  • Eirini Myrovali,
  • Anastasiia S. Garanina,
  • Ivan S. Grebennikov,
  • Polina K. Gifer,
  • Maxim A. Abakumov,
  • Marina Spasova,
  • Makis Angelakeris,
  • Alexander G. Savchenko,
  • Michael Farle,
  • Natalia L. Klyachko,
  • Alexander G. Majouga and
  • Ulf Wiedwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2684–2699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.251

Graphical Abstract
  • ]. The XRD results suggest that the structure of sample MNP-25 is bulk-like Fe3O4 and Au in the NPs. The TEM diameter and the XRD crystallite size measurements of Fe3O4 match well, except for the MNP-44 batch, where polycrystalline Fe3O4 is presumed. We conclude that the Fe3O4 crystallite size can be
  • ]. For sample MNP-44, TV is indeed shifted by more than 20 K, indicating that the Fe3O4 in this sample is of lower quality than for sample MNP-25. We ascribe this to the polycrystalline nature of the Fe3O4 NPs for this sample, as supported by the XRD results revealing a grain size of 17 nm compared to
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Published 16 Oct 2018

Au–Si plasmonic platforms: synthesis, structure and FDTD simulations

  • Anna Gapska,
  • Marcin Łapiński,
  • Paweł Syty,
  • Wojciech Sadowski,
  • Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
  • Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2599–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.241

Graphical Abstract
  • nanoparticles also increases, but the amount of nanoparticles decreases (Figure 5). This behavior is consistent with the literature, but it can be also found, that during the annealing of polycrystalline films, an increase in grain size takes place until they reach a size approximately equal to twice the
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Published 28 Sep 2018

Pattern generation for direct-write three-dimensional nanoscale structures via focused electron beam induced deposition

  • Lukas Keller and
  • Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2581–2598, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.240

Graphical Abstract
  • the chosen process parameters, a wide range of different materials can be obtained. On the one hand, polycrystalline metals can be realized, mainly of ferromagnetic type like Fe, Co or Fe–Co alloys [12][13] or noble metals, such as Pt, Au and Ag [14][15][16]. On the other hand, granular metals [17
  • ] but also various oxides and carbides in either amorphous or polycrystalline form [18][19] are accessible. By employing additional postdeposition treatments the metal volume content of some otherwise granular metals can be increased to virtually 100% [20][21][22]. Despite the apparent simplicity of the
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Published 27 Sep 2018

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

  • Oleksandr Stroyuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2209–2235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.207

Graphical Abstract
  • luminescent Cs3Bi2X9 NCs [159]. A study of single-crystal and polycrystalline MABI showed that both materials have a long exciton lifetime and a high carrier mobility [161][163]. A transient absorption study of MABI crystals showed only a minor change of the exciton dynamics when the crystal size was reduced
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Review
Published 21 Aug 2018

Light–Matter interactions on the nanoscale

  • Mohsen Rahmani and
  • Chennupati Jagadish

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2125–2127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.201

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  • century. Laser processing of thin-film multilayer structures has been one of the initial research directions in photonics [2]. This technique has been employed for many applications, including but not limited to the fabrication of polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin-film transistors or MEMS/NEMS
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Editorial
Published 10 Aug 2018

Synthesis of a MnO2/Fe3O4/diatomite nanocomposite as an efficient heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for methylene blue degradation

  • Zishun Li,
  • Xuekun Tang,
  • Kun Liu,
  • Jing Huang,
  • Yueyang Xu,
  • Qian Peng and
  • Minlin Ao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1940–1950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.185

Graphical Abstract
  • performed. As shown in Figure 4a, the Fe3O4/diatomite exhibits a morphology similar to that seen in the SEM images, a layer of nanoparticles with diameter of about 10 nm are highly dispersed on the surface of diatomite, which demonstrates a porous polycrystalline structure composed of many interconnected
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Published 06 Jul 2018

Synthesis of carbon nanowalls from a single-source metal-organic precursor

  • André Giese,
  • Sebastian Schipporeit,
  • Volker Buck and
  • Nicolas Wöhrl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1895–1905, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.181

Graphical Abstract
  • is based on so-called crowding effects [20]. They suggest that horizontally aligned CNWs first grow until they touch each other and, due to the lack of space, later raise and grow vertically. Zhu et al. used polycrystalline silicon substrates and proposed that after synthesizing an initial graphene
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Published 29 Jun 2018

Direct AFM-based nanoscale mapping and tomography of open-circuit voltages for photovoltaics

  • Katherine Atamanuk,
  • Justin Luria and
  • Bryan D. Huey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1802–1808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.171

Graphical Abstract
  • Katherine Atamanuk Justin Luria Bryan D. Huey University of Connecticut, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA 10.3762/bjnano.9.171 Abstract The nanoscale optoelectronic properties of materials can be especially important for polycrystalline photovoltaics
  • interconnects [4][5], and tomographic AFM of photocurrents in polycrystalline solar cells during in situ illumination [6]. Standard photo-conductive AFM (pcAFM) employs a conducting probe, which serves as a positionable top electrode, to map currents upon illumination and/or biasing. With solar cells, the short
  • practically removed per image frame, leading to effective 30 nm resolution in the z-direction between consecutive pairs of ISC* and VOC* maps throughout the polycrystalline film thickness. During such progressive imaging some spatial drift is unavoidable, though this is easily accommodated by commercial, free
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Published 14 Jun 2018

Multimodal noncontact atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy investigations of organolead tribromide perovskite single crystals

  • Yann Almadori,
  • David Moerman,
  • Jaume Llacer Martinez,
  • Philippe Leclère and
  • Benjamin Grévin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1695–1704, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.161

Graphical Abstract
  • internal electric field distribution and photocarrier recombination mechanisms in polycrystalline perovskite thin films [6][7]. However, considering the results of earlier works shows that it is sometimes difficult to draw definitive conclusions about the detrimental (or beneficial) impact of the GBs on
  • the surface potential probed by KPFM. It is now clear that a complex interplay exists between the charge carrier populations, traps, and mobile ions. Despite all the progress made, interpreting the surface potential (SP) and surface photovoltage (SPV) contrasts recorded by KPFM on polycrystalline lead
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Published 07 Jun 2018

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes coated with zinc oxide nanoparticles as sulfur encapsulator for high-performance lithium/sulfur batteries

  • Yan Zhao,
  • Zhengjun Liu,
  • Liancheng Sun,
  • Yongguang Zhang,
  • Yuting Feng,
  • Xin Wang,
  • Indira Kurmanbayeva and
  • Zhumabay Bakenov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1677–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.159

Graphical Abstract
  • polycrystalline structure of the as-prepared ZnO@NCNT. Morphology and structure of the ZnO@NCNT before S loading are similar to those in our previous studies, and were discussed in our previous work [13]. After loading with S, the morphology of resulting S/ZnO@NCNT composite was again characterized by SEM and TEM
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Published 06 Jun 2018

Sheet-on-belt branched TiO2(B)/rGO powders with enhanced photocatalytic activity

  • Huan Xing,
  • Wei Wen and
  • Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1550–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.146

Graphical Abstract
  • corresponding to polycrystalline TiO2(B). The high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) image demonstrated in Figure 3c shows parallel fringes with a neighboring distance of ≈0.545 nm, corresponding to the (200) plane of TiO2(B) and distance of ≈0.382 nm, which is attributed to the (110) plane of TiO2(B). The cross-angle of
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Published 24 May 2018
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