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Search for "polystyrene" in Full Text gives 220 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Optical near-field mapping of plasmonic nanostructures prepared by nanosphere lithography

  • Gitanjali Kolhatkar,
  • Alexandre Merlen,
  • Jiawei Zhang,
  • Chahinez Dab,
  • Gregory Q. Wallace,
  • François Lagugné-Labarthet and
  • Andreas Ruediger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1536–1543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.144

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  • measurements can be easily performed without heavy experimental devices or complicated posttreatment analysis. Methods Sample preparation The samples were fabricated by nanosphere lithography. A solution of 1 µm diameter polystyrene microsphere mixed with ethanol was deposited on a dry, clean microscope glass
  • coverslip and distributed homogeneously. After the sample dried, 3 nm of Ti followed by 30 nm of Au were deposited using electron beam evaporation. The sample was then sonicated in ethanol for 1 min to remove the polystyrene particles. A pattern of gold plasmonic nanotriangles (side length ≈350 nm
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Published 23 May 2018

Cr(VI) remediation from aqueous environment through modified-TiO2-mediated photocatalytic reduction

  • Rashmi Acharya,
  • Brundabana Naik and
  • Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1448–1470, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.137

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Published 16 May 2018

Imaging of viscoelastic soft matter with small indentation using higher eigenmodes in single-eigenmode amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy

  • Miead Nikfarjam,
  • Enrique A. López-Guerra,
  • Santiago D. Solares and
  • Babak Eslami

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1116–1122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.103

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  • described in previous studies [29] and details can be found in the computational code provided in [26]. Experimental results Polystyrene thin film height measurements were performed using the same imaging modes as in the numerical simulations. All three measurements were performed with a single cantilever
  • having f1 ≈ 45 kHz and k1 ≈ 5.80 N/m. Polystyrene with 33 kDa molecular weight diluted to 2.5 wt % in THF was used, which was spin-coated onto a silicon wafer at 1400 rpm for 60 s. We have selected a polystyrene of low molecular weight to prepare a sample that displays time-dependent behavior within the
  • deformational timescale in our studies (previous studies have quantified the dependence of characteristic times on the molecular weight for polystyrene [30]). In order to ensure a homogenous surface, the relative humidity was controlled to be approximately 30% during the spin-coating process. A portion of the
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Published 06 Apr 2018

P3HT:PCBM blend films phase diagram on the base of variable-temperature spectroscopic ellipsometry

  • Barbara Hajduk,
  • Henryk Bednarski,
  • Bożena Jarząbek,
  • Henryk Janeczek and
  • Paweł Nitschke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1108–1115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.102

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  • coefficient, which can be detected as change in the slope of d(T) plots [26]. Variable-temperature spectroscopic ellipsometry has been applied to study thin films of polymers such as polystyrene (PS) [27][28][29][30][31], poly(α-methylstyrene) [32], poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) [33][34] and polyester [35
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Published 05 Apr 2018

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

  • Jaison Jeevanandam,
  • Ahmed Barhoum,
  • Yen S. Chan,
  • Alain Dufresne and
  • Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98

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Published 03 Apr 2018

Automated image segmentation-assisted flattening of atomic force microscopy images

  • Yuliang Wang,
  • Tongda Lu,
  • Xiaolai Li and
  • Huimin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 975–985, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.91

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  • spin coating a thin film of polystyrene (PS) on a silicon (100) substrate at a speed of 500 rpm. Prior to spin coating, the silicon substrate was sequentially cleaned in a sonic bath of piranha solution, acetone and water for 30 minutes. The PS solution was obtained by dissolving PS particles
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Published 26 Mar 2018

Comparative study of antibacterial properties of polystyrene films with TiOx and Cu nanoparticles fabricated using cluster beam technique

  • Vladimir N. Popok,
  • Cesarino M. Jeppesen,
  • Peter Fojan,
  • Anna Kuzminova,
  • Jan Hanuš and
  • Ondřej Kylián

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 861–869, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.80

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  • describes a novel approach for the formation of bactericidal polymer thin films (polystyrene in this case), produced by spin-coating, with Ti and Cu NPs deposited from cluster beams. Ti NPs are treated in three different ways in order to study different approaches for oxidation and, thus, efficiency in
  • formation of the particles with semiconducting properties required for the catalytic formation of reactive oxygen species. Cu NPs are used as deposited. Partial NP embedding into polystyrene is realised in a controllable manner using thermal annealing in order to improve surface adhesion and make the
  • [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. In the current work, both Ti and Cu clusters are produced using magnetron sputtering in special cluster sources and deposited on substrates coated by a thin layer of polystyrene (PS). The focus is on the optimization of the nanocomposite formation using the cluster beam
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Published 12 Mar 2018

Facile phase transfer of gold nanorods and nanospheres stabilized with block copolymers

  • Yaroslav I. Derikov,
  • Georgiy A. Shandryuk,
  • Raisa V. Talroze,
  • Alexander A. Ezhov and
  • Yaroslav V. Kudryavtsev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 616–627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.58

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  • presented in Figure 3. For the sodium D-line, the refractive index of CTAB equals 1.4350 [48], which is close to 1.4440 for chloroform [49], but markedly different from 1.3333 for water [43], 1.4956 for benzene [44], 1.4920 for toluene [44], 1.5915 for polystyrene [50] and 1.622 for poly(2-vinylpyridine) at
  • the PS-b-P2VP block copolymer, the presence of polystyrene blocks in the surface layer of nanorods can effectively increase the refractive index of that layer and bring it close to the refractive index of the dispersion medium, benzene. If so, the modeled extinction cross section for a bare nanorod
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Published 16 Feb 2018

Single-step process to improve the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube yarn

  • Maria Cecilia Evora,
  • Xinyi Lu,
  • Nitilaksha Hiremath,
  • Nam-Goo Kang,
  • Kunlun Hong,
  • Roberto Uribe,
  • Gajanan Bhat and
  • Jimmy Mays

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 545–554, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.52

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  • 100 °C for more than 6 h. They found some improvement in mechanical properties of CNT yarn infiltrated with polymers [43]. Hiremath et al. also concluded the same when they investigated the effect of toluene and polystyrene infiltrated in the microstructure of carbon nanotube yarns [44]. The results
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Published 13 Feb 2018

Lyapunov estimation for high-speed demodulation in multifrequency atomic force microscopy

  • David M. Harcombe,
  • Michael G. Ruppert,
  • Michael R. P. Ragazzon and
  • Andrew J. Fleming

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 490–498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.47

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  • have fundamental resonance frequencies of 168.8 kHz and 46.1 kHz, respectively. The samples used are a z-calibration grating (NT-MDT TGZ3) with periodic height features of approx. 500 nm and a blend of polystyrene (PS) and polyolefin elastomer (LDPE) available from Bruker (PS-LDPE-12M). Due to the
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Published 08 Feb 2018

Engineering of oriented carbon nanotubes in composite materials

  • Razieh Beigmoradi,
  • Abdolreza Samimi and
  • Davod Mohebbi-Kalhori

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 415–435, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.41

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  • (PU) or polystyrene (PS), is stretched too far. Fracture occurs and the oriented CNTs are formed in the fracture gap as shown in Figure 4. Since CNTs have the desired electronic properties and the method is easy to perform, this technique might be suitable for making CNT electronic devices such as
  • the fractured part of the composite. Reproduced with permission from [33], copyright 2009 Versita Warsaw. SEM images of a polystyrene (PS) composite film containing 25 wt % CNTs. (a) Random networked CNTs on the film surface and (b) oriented CNTs by fracturing, reproduced with permission from [37
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Published 05 Feb 2018

Nanoparticle delivery to metastatic breast cancer cells by nanoengineered mesenchymal stem cells

  • Liga Saulite,
  • Karlis Pleiko,
  • Ineta Popena,
  • Dominyka Dapkute,
  • Ricardas Rotomskis and
  • Una Riekstina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 321–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.32

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  • experiments. Human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 (ATCC HTB-26™) and MCF7 (ATCC HTB-22™) were propagated in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and penicillin/streptomycin (100 U/mL and 100 μg/mL, respectively) (complete cancer cell medium). The cells were cultured in 25 cm2 polystyrene tissue culture flasks
  • -hydroxethyl methacrylate) (polyHEMA) coating was prepared as described elsewhere [50]. In brief, the PolyHEMA solution was poured into the wells of a 24-well tissue culture polystyrene plate to cover the surface. The plate was then air dried in a laminar airflow chamber overnight. The MSCs, MDA-MB-231 and
  • for uptake experiments, 5 × 104 MSCs were allowed to adhere to 6-well tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) plates and cultured in the presence of QDs of 2 nM to 32 nM concentration for 6 h in complete or serum-free medium. The cells were then harvested by trypsinisation and resuspended in 200 μL PBS for
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Published 29 Jan 2018

Al2O3/TiO2 inverse opals from electrosprayed self-assembled templates

  • Arnau Coll,
  • Sandra Bermejo,
  • David Hernández and
  • Luís Castañer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 216–223, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.23

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  • of recent literature shows that opals made of polystyrene or poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] nanoparticles can be orderly assembled in larger areas and thicknesses, however, such materials do not achieve the same optical performance as inverse opals, due to
  • has a lower refractive index than TiO2 deposited at >200 °C. In previous works [37][38][39][40] we have shown how an electrospray process of nanofluids can be used to deposit in a very short time very well ordered and with few defects layers (colloidal crystals) of polystyrene (of good quality and
  • deposition capacity and mechanical properties [41][42]. The main purpose of this article is to apply this technique to the fabrication of inverse opals using the 3D polystyrene nanoparticle template which enables the creation of large scale, large thickness, self-assembled structures with minimum fabrication
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Published 19 Jan 2018

A robust AFM-based method for locally measuring the elasticity of samples

  • Alexandre Bubendorf,
  • Stefan Walheim,
  • Thomas Schimmel and
  • Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.1

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  • relation exists when measuring in contact mode with a certain load FN and propose a new method for determining the elastic modulus of samples from this relation. The measurements were performed in non-dry air at ambient temperature on three different polymers (polystyrene, polypropylene and linear low
  • first flexural modes of the cantilever in contact were excited with the amplitudes A1 = 22 mV and A2 = 5 mV for all samples. Samples and measurement conditions Three different polymers (polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE)) and a self-assembled monolayer (SAM
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Published 02 Jan 2018

Electro-optical characteristics of a liquid crystal cell with graphene electrodes

  • Nune H. Hakobyan,
  • Hakob L. Margaryan,
  • Valeri K. Abrahamyan,
  • Vladimir M. Aroutiounian,
  • Arpi S. Dilanchian Gharghani,
  • Amalya B. Kostanyan,
  • Timothy D. Wilkinson and
  • Nelson Tabirian

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2802–2806, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.279

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  • precleaned glass substrate by using a polymer support layer of polystyrene (PS, Mw 35k, 2% w/w in toluene) and an etchant acid (FeCl3 aq, 0.5 M) to remove the Cu, as described elsewhere [15]. This was followed by a wash in a warm ethyl acetate bath to dissolve the supporting polymer layer. Device fabrication
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Published 28 Dec 2017

Material discrimination and mixture ratio estimation in nanocomposites via harmonic atomic force microscopy

  • Weijie Zhang,
  • Yuhang Chen,
  • Xicheng Xia and
  • Jiaru Chu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2771–2780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.276

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  • signals were investigated systematically on a polymer blend composed of polystyrene (PS) and low-density polyehtylene (LDPE). We focused on the influence of feedback amplitude set-point, drive frequency and laser spot position along the cantilever beam. Based on these fundamental studies, harmonic AFM
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Published 21 Dec 2017

The role of ligands in coinage-metal nanoparticles for electronics

  • Ioannis Kanelidis and
  • Tobias Kraus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2625–2639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.263

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  • case of polymethacrylic acid due to its potential to carry negative charge [94]. Que et al. reported that the size of the polystyrene block affected the stability of gold nanoparticles coated with a poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polystyrene diblock copolymer in water. A shorter polystyrene chain length led
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Published 07 Dec 2017

Robust nanobubble and nanodroplet segmentation in atomic force microscope images using the spherical Hough transform

  • Yuliang Wang,
  • Tongda Lu,
  • Xiaolai Li,
  • Shuai Ren and
  • Shusheng Bi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2572–2582, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.257

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  • for smaller objects by assuming sample surfaces are actually flat, which is not always true. Figure 1a is a raw AFM image of NBs on a polystyrene (PS) surface. One can see that the image height of the background increases along the y direction. This is mostly due to thermal drift of the AFM scanner
  • bar is 500 nm. AFM height images of nanobubbles and nanodroplets. (a) and (d) are the polystyrene and HOPG surfaces in air. (b) and (e) are the raw AFM height images of nanobubbles and nanodroplets in DI water. (c) and (f) are flattened AFM height images of nanobubbles and nanodroplets in DI water
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Published 01 Dec 2017

Involvement of two uptake mechanisms of gold and iron oxide nanoparticles in a co-exposure scenario using mouse macrophages

  • Dimitri Vanhecke,
  • Dagmar A. Kuhn,
  • Dorleta Jimenez de Aberasturi,
  • Sandor Balog,
  • Ana Milosevic,
  • Dominic Urban,
  • Diana Peckys,
  • Niels de Jonge,
  • Wolfgang J. Parak,
  • Alke Petri-Fink and
  • Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.239

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  • inhibitor MDC. Inhibition of this pathway was also reported for the Fe-binding protein transferrin, whereas the uptake of non-biological (nano)particles such as polystyrene beads was not blocked [35]. However, the pathway was not exclusively clathrin-mediated because evidence of uptake is observed
  • a similar organization was not observed for the FeOxNPs, it must be concluded that an active process directed the uptake of AuNPs. A similar observation was made with 1 µm polystyrene beads, which were observed to be transported extracellularly along the filopodia of the same macrophageal cell line
  • , Austria), 1% L-glutamine (Gibco, Luzern, Switzerland) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (Gibco, Luzern, Switzerland) and were kept at 37 °C and 5% CO2. The cells were seeded at a density of 25 × 104 cells/mL in BD FalconTM four-chamber polystyrene vessels for the experiments, using tissue culture treated
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Published 14 Nov 2017

Synthesis and characterization of noble metal–titania core–shell nanostructures with tunable shell thickness

  • Bartosz Bartosewicz,
  • Marta Michalska-Domańska,
  • Malwina Liszewska,
  • Dariusz Zasada and
  • Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2083–2093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.208

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  • calibration measurement was carried out after measurement of each sample (with the same conditions) using carboxylated polystyrene nanoparticles (100 nm or 200 nm) supplied by the manufacturer. The statistical data for the particle size distribution, including mean particle diameter, mode particle diameter
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Published 05 Oct 2017

A systematic study of the controlled generation of crystalline iron oxide nanoparticles on graphene using a chemical etching process

  • Peter Krauß,
  • Jörg Engstler and
  • Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2017–2025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.202

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  • polystyrene petridishes (Carl Roth, 94 mm und 145 mm in diameter) with the inner compartment perforated (holes of 1.6 mm in diameter) at the base of the separation (Figure S2, Supporting Information File 1). A 1 M aqueous solution of ammonium persulfate was prepared by adding 1 L distilled water to 228.2 g of
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Published 26 Sep 2017

Identifying the nature of surface chemical modification for directed self-assembly of block copolymers

  • Laura Evangelio,
  • Federico Gramazio,
  • Matteo Lorenzoni,
  • Michaela Gorgoi,
  • Francisco Miguel Espinosa,
  • Ricardo García,
  • Francesc Pérez-Murano and
  • Jordi Fraxedas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1972–1981, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.198

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  • oxide between the brush layer and the SiO2/Si substrate. Experimental Preparation and chemical modification of brush layers The starting substrates were <100> silicon wafers (p-type silicon of 4–40 Ω·cm resistivity) with a native silicon oxide layer on top. A thin film of hydroxyl-terminated polystyrene
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Published 21 Sep 2017

Uptake and intracellular accumulation of diamond nanoparticles – a metabolic and cytotoxic study

  • Antonín Brož,
  • Lucie Bačáková,
  • Pavla Štenclová,
  • Alexander Kromka and
  • Štěpán Potocký

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1649–1657, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.165

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  • compared with the ND-free living control (i.e., cells grown in polystyrene wells in a medium without diamond nanoparticles). Similar results were also obtained in a study by Vaijayanthimala et al. [11], in which the proliferation of HeLa cells and 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes exhibited no significant difference
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Published 10 Aug 2017

High-speed dynamic-mode atomic force microscopy imaging of polymers: an adaptive multiloop-mode approach

  • Juan Ren and
  • Qingze Zou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1563–1570, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.158

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  • and evaluation of the AMLM technique by imaging three types of polymer samples different in both topography features and heterogeneous mechanical properties. The three samples, made of polystyrene–low-density polyethylene (PS–LDPE), styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) and celgard, respectively, have over
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Published 02 Aug 2017

Luminescent supramolecular hydrogels from a tripeptide and nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots

  • Maria C. Cringoli,
  • Slavko Kralj,
  • Marina Kurbasic,
  • Massimo Urban and
  • Silvia Marchesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1553–1562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.157

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  • immediately put on wells of Greiner 96 U Bottom Black Polystyrene. The controls were used in 200 μL total volume. After 1 h, the fluorescence emission spectra were acquired using a Tecan Infinite M1000 pro, with a bandwidth of 10 nm, selecting the following excitation (ex.) and emission (em.) wavelengths: ex
  • calculated and plotted. Thioflavin T fluorescence assay Gel precursor solutions were prepared as described above and 100 μL of each buffer were immediately put on wells of Greiner 96 U Bottom Black Polystyrene. The controls were used in 200 μL total volume. After 1 h, 20 μL of a solution of thioflavin T
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Published 01 Aug 2017
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