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Search for "protein" in Full Text gives 362 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.
Effects of substrate stiffness on the viscoelasticity and migration of prostate cancer cells examined by atomic force microscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 560–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.47
- elastography, whose imaging is based on the differences in stiffness between the lesion and the adjacent healthy tissue. It was found that an external environment with a high stiffness value promotes PC-3 cell migration and proliferation by inducing yes-associated protein and tafazzin (YAP/TAZ) nuclear
- that when we inhibit actin polymerisation with an actin-binding protein inhibitor, the actin fibrils fail to polymerise into bundles and the prostate cancer cells themselves have reduced elasticity values and increased viscosity values, thus reducing the migration ability of the prostate cancer cells
- with different stiffness. On stiff substrates, the F-actin cytoskeleton organized into bundles and increased the elasticity while the viscosity of PC-3 cells decreased to enhance their migration ability. Furthermore, the results of the treatment with the myosin-binding protein inhibitor suggested that
Stimuli-responsive polypeptide nanogels for trypsin inhibition
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 538–548, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.45
- substituents compared to PHEG-Tyr nanogel [25]. This assumption is also supported by the DH dependence (Figure 3a) showing a DH maximum at pH 7.4. Adsorption and release of BSA and AAT Next, optimization studies of in vitro loading of 125I-radiolabeled BSA as a model protein and its release from PHEG-Tyr and
Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40
- fluorescence based on ZnO nanoscaled films is different from the metal enhancement. The use of ZnO nanosubstrates for enhanced biomedical detection has received great attention due to their optical properties and other great advantages. Early detection of disease markers and the measurement of specific protein
- were successfully used for the detection of relevant biological and biomedical proteins, such as bovine serum albumin and streptavidin, as well as to study the protein–protein interactions by enhanced fluorescence detection [117]. The ZnO nanoplatforms showed several key advantages, such as enhanced
- fluorescence emission of fluorophores emitting at different wavelengths, chemical inertness to the environmen, and simple assembly and fabrication. Moreover, the ZnO nanoplatforms can be covalently modified to host specific protein molecules of interest only and to present increased detection specificity of
Effect of sample treatment on the elastic modulus of locust cuticle obtained by nanoindentation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 404–410, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.33
- changes in the interaction of water molecules with the chitin of the cuticle after rehydration. Insect cuticle is a biological composite with a protein matrix and embedded chitin fibers [17]. It is the only biological composite that has been modelled successfully using the modified Voigt estimate of the
- Em and Vm are elastic modulus and volume fraction of the matrix, respectively. Most of the water in the cuticle is associated with the protein matrix, where free water can be added to or taken from [1]. Thus, the elastic modulus of the matrix might not show a difference between the fresh and
Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31
- the entrapment of the bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) and basic fibroblast growth factor (BFGF) within chitosan NPs inhibited the initial burst release and allowed for the controlled release of growth factors and therefore, improved the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells [53]. In another
- maleilated chitosan hydrogel containing micro-/nanoparticles of methacrylated silk fibroin, a natural fibrous protein mimicking the collagen structure, improved the mechanical properties of nanocomposites fabricated for cartilage TE [60]. The development of a magnetic nanocomposite hydrogel from poly(vinyl
- because they are not biodegradable and provide a more stable matrix in which osteoblasts can proliferate and deposit new ECM. The integration of CNTs into a polymer matrix would increase surface roughness and activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway [128], which is responsible for
Alcohol-perturbed self-assembly of the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 355–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.30
- Ismael Abu-Baker Amy Szuchmacher Blum Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada 10.3762/bjnano.13.30 Abstract The self-assembly of the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein is significantly altered in alcohol–water mixtures. Alcohol cosolvents stabilize the disk aggregate
- alcohol having the strongest effect and methanol the weakest. We discuss several effects that may contribute to preventing the protein–protein interactions between disks that are necessary to form helical rods. Keywords: alcohol; hydrophobic effect; protein assembly; self-assembly; tobacco mosaic virus
- applications [7][8]. Many viruses and VLPs form monodisperse particles due to the natural capsid protein symmetry and inter-subunit interactions, as well as interactions with encapsidated genetic material [9][10]. Viruses can be obtained in high yields by propagation in host organisms, and viral capsid
Systematic studies into uniform synthetic protein nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 274–283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.22
- , or monodispersity. Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jetting is a probate method to formulate synthetic protein nanoparticles (SPNPs), but a systematic understanding of the influence of crucial processing parameters, such as protein composition, on nanoparticle morphologies is still missing. Here, we address
- this knowledge gap by evaluating formulation trends in SPNPs prepared by EHD jetting based on a series of carrier proteins and protein blends (hemoglobin, transferrin, mucin, or insulin). In general, blended SPNPs presented uniform populations with minimum diameters between 43 and 65 nm. Size
- , blended SPNPs displayed higher circularity and lower anisotropy, as compared to single-protein SPNPs. Secondary statistical analysis indicated that blended SPNPs generally present combined features of their constituents, with some properties driven by the dominant protein constituent. Our study suggests
Photothermal ablation of murine melanomas by Fe3O4 nanoparticle clusters
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 255–264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.20
- experimental approaches including semi-quantitative PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry, the heat shock protein HSP70 to be upregulated in response to PTT, suggesting this chaperone protein could be a plausible underlying mechanism for the observed therapeutic outcome. Altogether, our results highlight
- the promise of Fe3O4 NPCs as a new PTT option to treat melanoma. Keywords: Fe3O4 nanoparticle clusters; heat shock protein 70; melanoma; near infrared; photothermal therapy; Introduction The global incidence of melanoma, one of the deadliest forms of cancer, has kept increasing annually over the
- NIR irradiation. HSP70 is frequently activated in response to heat stress, and earlier studies have found that it promotes apoptosis at least by eliciting antitumor immune responses [21]. This chaperone protein has been shown in our earlier study to be involved in mediating the photothermal effects of
Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15
- excretion [33]. When a TiO2 nanomaterial circulates through the body, certain biomolecules (such as proteins, phospholipids, or DNA contained in biological fluids or present in living cells) get adsorbed onto the surface of it very quickly, which is termed as “protein corona (PC)” formation. This protein
- integrin clustering and focal adhesion development. In this context, Chen et al. employed the adsorption of functional proteins (bone morphogenetic protein 2 and sclerostin antibody) to modify TiO2 nanotube arrays to repair bone fractures [35]. The PC alters biodistribution, biological identity and
A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10
- hydrophobic PVDF membrane to a hydrophilic membrane with a water contact angle of 22.72°. The nanohybrid membrane showed a dye removal efficiency of 88.9% and an adsorption capacity of 72.6 mg/g for IC [78]. Huong et al. developed a waste protein-immobilized cationic dye removal membrane from PAN. In this
Bacterial safety study of the production process of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 114–126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.8
- /bjnano.13.8 Abstract Hemoglobin microparticles (HbMP) produced with a three-step procedure, including coprecipitation of hemoglobin with manganese carbonate, protein cross-linking, and dissolution of the carbonate template were shown to be suitable for application as artificial oxygen carriers. First
- the HbMP fabrication process to dissolve the manganese carbonate template to produce pure protein particles. EDTA is widely utilized in medical and biological applications. Because of its chelating properties, it is used as an anticoagulant in blood samples [27]. It has also long been used to
- inhibit DNA synthesis in bacteria, and similar effects are also seen on RNA and protein syntheses [44][45]. In addition, glutaraldehyde particularly acts on the outer layers of E. coli and cross-links lipoproteins and proteins there as well. This fixation of bacteria prevents the bacterial cells from
Theranostic potential of self-luminescent branched polyethyleneimine-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 82–95, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.6
- was recorded using a UV–vis spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-3600 UV–vis–NIR spectrophotometer). A calibration curve was prepared with bovine serum albumin (BSA) at concentration values of 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 µg/mL in PBS to enable a correlation between the measured absorbance and protein
- to the outer cell surface (without activation of caspase 3) and also leakage of cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from the cells [55][56]. It has also been known that unmodified polyplexes can switch on the intrinsic apoptotic pathway by activating the box protein and therefore releasing the
Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99
- potential values is the interaction between NPs and serum proteins present in DMEM [30]. In cell culture media, NPs agglomerate with serum proteins and are therefore recruited in cells via the protein corona effect, which increases the bioavailability of NPs by many folds [31]. PMA-coated samples have a
- p53 is a tumor suppressor protein also known as the “guardian of the genome”. It is involved in downstream regulation of genes involved in apoptosis, DNA repair, and cell cycle arrest. Overexpression of p53 is triggered by stress stimuli, such as hypoxia, ROS, ionizing radiations, and carcinogens
- efflux chemotherapeutic drugs, a phenomenon known as MDR. P-glycoprotein belongs to the ABCB1 family of ABC proteins and is involved in the efflux of doxorubicin, paclitaxel, vincristine, rhodamine, and etoposide [63]. Conversely, multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) is a member of the ABCC1
Self-assembly of amino acids toward functional biomaterials
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1140–1150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.85
- function due to the collective behavior of aggregates [24]. However, protein and peptide assemblies exhibit disadvantages, such as difficulty in obtaining high quantities of materials, corresponding high costs, and in some cases polydispersity and purification limitations. When using proteins and peptides
- as functional materials it can be difficult to arrange assembled nanostructures at both microscopic and macroscopic scales [10]. Also, fine manipulation of noncovalent interactions and corresponding peptide and protein nanostructures remains a huge challenge [24]. Amino acids are the major components
- . However, using these simple building blocks to design attractive materials remains a challenge due to the simplicity of the amino acids [26]. Most articles about self-assembly focus on peptide and protein self-assembly [15][29]. Therefore, it is of great significance to systematically summarize the latest
Use of nanosystems to improve the anticancer effects of curcumin
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1047–1062, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.78
- -cell lung cancer through the regulation of metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1), which is linked to tumor aggressiveness and metastasis, while its modulating effect is related to the suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Curcumin also blocks pancreatic cancer metastases through PI3K/Akt/NF-ĸB
An overview of microneedle applications, materials, and fabrication methods
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1034–1046, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.77
- from cancer research (25% enhanced absorption of the protein cancer drug AvastinTM compared with conventional hypodermic delivery) [14]. Incorporation of drug-loaded nanoparticles in dissolving microneedles also shows promise for dose concentration, for example using the antimicrobial carvacrol (CAR
The role of convolutional neural networks in scanning probe microscopy: a review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 878–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.66
- (segmentation) is used as a good reference for image analysis approaches, that is, cell counting or tracking, and protein localization [12]. The segmentation can be performed as a “semantic segmentation”, which classifies image pixels into specific categories, while “instance segmentation” additionally segments
Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64
- ) gas-filled structures that are stabilized by a lipid, surfactant, protein, or polymer shell, whose stiffness or rigidity can affect the final outcome of the MBs upon exposure to US [71][72][73]. During the cavitation event, backscattered energy leads to the expanding and shrinking of the MBs, which
Silver nanoparticles induce the cardiomyogenic differentiation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells via telomere length extension
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 786–797, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.62
- absolute telomere length (TL) measurement, and gene and protein assessment of the cells, respectively. It was found that 2.5 µg/mL Ag-NPs caused elongation of the telomeres and altered VEGF, C-TnI, VWF, SMA, GATA-4, TERT, and cyclin D protein and gene expression in the cardiomyogenically differentiated BM
- -MSCs. Also, there was a significant increase in the protein and gene expression of Wnt3 and β-catenin as main components of pathways. We concluded that Ag-NPs could change the in vitro expression of cardiac markers of BM-MSCs via the Wnt3/β-catenin signaling pathway. Keywords: bone marrow-derived MSCs
- that Ag-NPs induced mESCs cell cycle arrest at the G1 and S phases through inhibition of the hyperphosphorylation of Retinoblastoma protein [12]. Kalishwaralal et al. reported that Ag-NPs could inhibit cell proliferation, cell viability, and cell migration through activating caspase-3 and suppressing
Recent progress in magnetic applications for micro- and nanorobots
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 744–755, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.58
- -assisted gene transfection. Magnetic MNRs containing nucleic acids were delivered to target cells by magnetic fields. This method could change gene function or protein expression, which is of great significance for future research on gene transfer and gene therapy. Table 1 summarizes the relevant
Fate and transformation of silver nanoparticles in different biological conditions
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 665–679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.53
- significantly affect AgNPs and determine their colloidal stability and cellular interactions as evidenced earlier [27][31][32][33]. In the acidic medium of the stomach, AgNPs both agglomerate and dissolve [15][26][34]. The transformation will likely be incomplete due to protein corona formation and short
- behaviour can be attributed to the loss of electrostatic repulsion between particles due to the complexation with counter ions present in media with high ionic strength [8][47]. The presence of proteins prevented AgNP agglomeration in m(CCM+BSA), m(CYS+BSA), m(GSH+BSA) due to the formation of protein corona
- AgNPs enter the body where they gain a protein corona, aggregate, and dissolve to Ag+. Ionic silver may precipitate in the anion-rich environment of different tissues, where Ag binds to S, resulting in nanocrystals. Aggregation and corona–NP destabilisation can also lead to precipitation. Whole blood
The preparation temperature influences the physicochemical nature and activity of nanoceria
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 525–540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.43
- from partial nanoceria dissolution led to less cellular protein carbonyl formation, attributed to an increased amount of surface Ce3+ species. Surface reactivity was greater for the solvothermally synthesized nanoceria, which had more Ce3+ species at the surface. The results show that temperature
- of nanoceria dissolution on its biological identity was assessed as the protein carbonyl level in response to partially dissolved nanoceria. The catalytic potential was assessed using a reactivity assay. Experimental Materials NM-211 and NM-212 were obtained from the European Commission Joint
- the presence of protease inhibitors (4 µg/mL leupeptin, 4 µg/mL pepstatin A, and 5 µg/mL aprotinin). Protein was measured using the bicinchoninic acid method. Protein carbonyls were determined as described in [45]. Briefly, samples were derivatized with 10 mM 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine solution in 12
A review on nanostructured silver as a basic ingredient in medicine: physicochemical parameters and characterization
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 440–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.36
- human serum albumin (HSA), fibrinogen and immunoglobulin (IgG), metallothionein (MT), and ceruloplasmin (CP), forming a protein corona (PC) during silver homeostasis [121][122]. The PC is a highly dynamic system and its composition dynamically changes over time, undergoing various transformations until
- ceruloplasmin (CP), both involved in metal homeostasis. They concluded that protein diversity stabilizes and controls the dissolution and transport of AgNPs. Understanding the interaction between AgNPs and corona proteins is essential to establish new in vivo studies with AgNPs [122]. The human immune system
- aminotransferases and also in the hematological parameters were observed between the control and groups with burn wounds and between groups treated with AgNPs and groups with burn wounds. In addition, there were no significant differences in lipid peroxidation, carbonyl and reduced glutathione (GSH) protein levels
The impact of molecular tumor profiling on the design strategies for targeting myeloid leukemia and EGFR/CD44-positive solid tumors
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 375–401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.31
- introduced the possibility of employing similar strategies for passive targeting as for solid tumors, but these tumors also have much in common regarding the expression of specific molecules as viable targets for therapy and/or homing of NDDSs. For example, overexpression of the EGFR gene or protein kinase
- %, from 50% in the pre-imatinib era [7]. However, imatinib and related TKIs (the second-generation TKIs dasatinib, bosutinib, nilotinib, and the third-generation ponatinib) are not exclusively specific for the BCR-ABL fusion protein, and may also affect normal c-ABL and other kinases such as c-KIT. This
- oncogene or mutational events [16]. The clinically relevant mutations arise in the kinase domain of BCR-ABL1 and lead to impaired TKI activity, mainly by preventing the fusion protein from adopting the correct conformation required for specific binding. More than 40 different point mutations have been
Characterization, bio-uptake and toxicity of polymer-coated silver nanoparticles and their interaction with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 282–294, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.23
- that aggregation played a large role in NP transformations, except at high concentrations, due to protection by the PVP, and at later times because of possible protein interactions in the RPMI medium [38][39]. This result is in agreement with previous studies that found that aggregation/agglomeration
- ., passivation, or as separate particles) or are bound to proteins. These leads to the formation of secondary NPs, chloro complexes and protein interactions in the RPMI medium yielding a Ag compounds that have a molecular mass above the nominal value of the 3 kDa filter membrane, which affects filter permeation
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