Imaging of carbon nanomembranes with helium ion microscopy

• André Beyer,
• Henning Vieker,
• Robin Klett,
• Hanno Meyer zu Theenhausen,
• Polina Angelova and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1712–1720, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.175

• SAM and can span macroscopic areas; thus far, freestanding CNMs of up to 0.5 × 0.5 mm2 have been fabricated. The electrical conductivity of the CNM can also be tailored, as pyrolysis results in a gradual transformation into graphene [4][5][6]. CNMs have potential for many technical applications, such

Characterization of nanostructured ZnO thin films deposited through vacuum evaporation

• Jose Alberto Alvarado,
• Arturo Maldonado,
• Héctor Juarez,
• Mauricio Pacio and
• Rene Perez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 971–975, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.100

• , they can be used in many applications, such as gas sensors [4]. A wide range of techniques to deposit thin films are used, such as molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) [5], single-source chemical vapor deposition (SS CVD) [6], metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) [7], sol–gel [8], spray pyrolysis [9

Low-cost formation of bulk and localized polymer-derived carbon nanodomains from polydimethylsiloxane

• Juan Carlos Castro Alcántara,
• Mariana Cerda Zorrilla,
• Lucia Cabriales,
• Luis Manuel León Rossano and
• Mathieu Hautefeuille

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 744–748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.76

• pyrolysis may also be used to produce PDC in a rapid, local and selective fashion, although it is less common than CVD due its non-continuous work regime limiting the process [1]. Recently, a high power ultraviolet laser has been employed to directly induce the localized formation of nanocrystalline silicon

• nanocrystals (GNC) are composing the shiny layers, whereas dark parts consist mainly of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) [14]. Selective laser ablation Selective and localized laser pyrolysis has also been tested to study the formation of nanodomains from PDMS in a controlled fashion, using a low-cost

Electroburning of few-layer graphene flakes, epitaxial graphene, and turbostratic graphene discs in air and under vacuum

• Andrea Candini,
• Nils Richter,
• Domenica Convertino,
• Camilla Coletti,
• Franck Balestro,
• Wolfgang Wernsdorfer,
• Mathias Kläui and
• Marco Affronte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 711–719, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.72

• electroburning process, I–V measurements were taken with an AdWin-Pro system (16 bit output and input ) using a FEMTO pre-amplifier. Turbostratic multilayer graphene discs were grown in large quantities by the pyrolysis of hydrocarbons in a plasma torch process. The graphitic discs were dispersed in 1-methyl-2

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of graphitic carbon nanomaterials doped with heteroatoms

• Toma Susi,
• Thomas Pichler and
• Paola Ayala

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 177–192, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.17

• 132 eV has commonly been attributed to P–O bonds [195][196] (although some authors have instead assigned this peak to the P substitution in purely P-doped graphene [191]). Larrude et al. measured XPS on P-MWCNTs synthesized by spray pyrolysis [197], and assigned two lower binding energy components

Low-cost plasmonic solar cells prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis

• Erki Kärber,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Ilona Oja Acik,
• Valdek Mikli,
• Arvo Mere,
• Ilmo Sildos and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2398–2402, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.249

• planar ZnO were prepared entirely by chemical spray pyrolysis. Au nanoparticles (Au-NPs) were formed via thermal decomposition of a gold(III) chloride trihydrate (HAuCl4·3H2O) precursor by spraying 2 mmol/L of the aqueous precursor solution onto a substrate held at 260 °C. Current–voltage scans and

• % increase (from 4.6 to 7.5 mA/cm2) of the short-circuit current density was observed when 2.5 mL of the precursor solution was deposited onto the rear side of the solar cell. Keywords: Au nanoparticles; chemical spray pyrolysis; extremely thin absorber; plasmon resonance; solar cell; Introduction The cost

• , while providing a technologically simple method for solar cell production. Chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) is a simple method to produce thin semiconductor oxide- and sulphide layers and metal nanoparticles (NPs) via thermal decomposition of metal precursor salts. CuInS2 (CIS) is a semiconductor material

Influence of stabilising agents and pH on the size of SnO₂ nanoparticles

• Olga Rac,
• Patrycja Suchorska-Woźniak,
• Marta Fiedot and
• Helena Teterycz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2192–2201, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.228

• were obtained by combining a spray pyrolysis method and annealing carried out under atmospheric pressure. The subject of the synthesis of SnO2 nanoparticles in aqueous solution rarely occurs in the literature. SnO2 colloidal synthesis in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) micelles (where tin

The surface properties of nanoparticles determine the agglomeration state and the size of the particles under physiological conditions

• Christoph Bantz,
• Olga Koshkina,
• Thomas Lang,
• Hans-Joachim Galla,
• C. James Kirkpatrick,
• Roland H. Stauber and
• Michael Maskos

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1774–1786, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.188

• industrial scale as well. By pyrolysis of, for example, silicon tetrachloride, primary particles with diameters less than 50 nm are obtained. These merge irreversibly into aggregates with diameters between 250 nm and a few tens of micrometers [58][59]. 3. The third synthesis route involves the hydrolysis and

Current state of laser synthesis of metal and alloy nanoparticles as ligand-free reference materials for nano-toxicological assays

• Christoph Rehbock,
• Jurij Jakobi,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Selina van der Meer,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wilfried Kues,
• Detlef Rath and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1523–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.165

• pyrolysis of the citrate induced aggregation is followed by the controlled formation of SMS. Unfortunately, this method may result in the formation of pyrolysis products from the degraded citrate [74], which may interfere with toxicity assays. Hence, inorganic salts (NaCl) may be used in order to induce

• oligonucleotides [52][86], peptides [87] and proteins [68], species native to biological systems and hence omnipresent in toxicity assays. However, in situ conjugation always entails the risk that nanoconjugates are destroyed by post irradiation [88][89][90], leading to pyrolysis products with unpredictable side

Synthesis of hydrophobic photoluminescent carbon nanodots by using L-tyrosine and citric acid through a thermal oxidation route

• Venkatesh Gude

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1513–1522, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.164

• proline are used as source for producing hydrophilic CNDs in the presence of acid or alkali through microwave pyrolysis [22]. A survey of the literature revealed that the majority of the reports deals with the fabrication of hydrophilic CNDs and their use in cell-imaging [23], sensor [24][25][26][27

• observed at an excitation wavelength of 340 nm (Figure 8c). The quenching of emission intensity reflects the ability of tyrosine-passivated CNDs for sensing ethoxide ions. Huang et al. reported that GQDs prepared from sucrose through microwave pyrolysis were applicable for sensing hypochlorous acid because

Liquid fuel cells

• Grigorii L. Soloveichik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1399–1418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.153

• –La compositions was explored by using the combinatorial approach. The compositions Ni0.87Zn0.13 and Ni0.9La0.1 prepared by spray pyrolysis were the most active showing power densities of 486 and 459 mW/cm2, respectively [158]. The enhanced electrocatalytic performance of the latter may be explained

Purification of ethanol for highly sensitive self-assembly experiments

• Kathrin Barbe,
• Martin Kind,
• Christian Pfeiffer and
• Andreas Terfort

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1254–1260, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.139

• fully regenerated via a simple pyrolysis protocol. Keywords: ethanol; gold nanoparticles; purification; self-assembled monolayers; solvent; Introduction Thirty years after their introduction [1][2][3], self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of organothiolates have matured to an established tool for surface

• pure, powdered zeolite. The color of these beads changed from off-white to yellow after immersion into the HAuCl4 solution and to violet upon pyrolysis in the tube furnace, indicative for the formation of the Au-NPs with their characteristic Mie scattering behavior [38]. Typical samples of zeolite

• can be expected. The idea to use the very same metal in a highly disperse form to remove these contaminants led to the application of gold-NPs on a highly porous support, zeolite. We could demonstrate that this material can conveniently be prepared by an impregnation/pyrolysis route. Optimization of

Organic and inorganic–organic thin film structures by molecular layer deposition: A review

• Pia Sundberg and
• Maarit Karppinen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1104–1136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.123

Biomolecule-assisted synthesis of carbon nitride and sulfur-doped carbon nitride heterojunction nanosheets: An efficient heterojunction photocatalyst for photoelectrochemical applications

• Hua Bing Tao,
• Hong Bin Yang,
• Jiazang Chen,
• Jianwei Miao and
• Bin Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 770–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.89

• Hua Bing Tao Hong Bin Yang Jiazang Chen Jianwei Miao Bin Liu School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore 10.3762/bjnano.5.89 Abstract A biomolecule-assisted pyrolysis method has been developed to synthesize sulfur

• properties including chemical and thermal stability, physical abundance, as well as suitable bandgap energy and band position [1][2][3][4]. The polymeric nature of CN could facilitate the tuning of the physical and chemical properties by simply changing the CN precursors, by varying the pyrolysis conditions

• ]. Herein, we employ a biomolecule-assisted (L-cysteine) pyrolysis method to synthesize sulfur-doped carbon nitride (CNS) nanosheets, which can serve as the framework to grow CN to form an all CN-based heterojunction composite. The formation of CN/CNS heterojunctions significantly improves the

Controlled synthesis and tunable properties of ultrathin silica nanotubes through spontaneous polycondensation on polyamine fibrils

• Jian-Jun Yuan,
• Pei-Xin Zhu,
• Daisuke Noda and
• Ren-Hua Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 793–804, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.90

• , a distinct emission centered at 540 nm was observed for the silica nanotubes under a maximum excitation wavelength of 320 nm. In comparison, no obvious emission was observed for the silica nanoribbons treated under the same N2-atmosphere pyrolysis conditions. In addition, the pure silica nanotubes

• very mild silicification conditions (aqueous media, room-temperature and high efficiency), which could allow for an easy scale-up of silica nanotube fabrication and subsequently for wide technological applications. The silica nanotubes can be tuned to an emitter of visible light through the pyrolysis

Synthesis of indium oxi-sulfide films by atomic layer deposition: The essential role of plasma enhancement

• Cathy Bugot,
• Nathanaëlle Schneider,
• Daniel Lincot and
• Frédérique Donsanti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 750–757, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.85

• pyrolysis technique, Maha et al. have inserted sulfur atoms in In2O3 thin films and obtained optical band gaps in the range from 3.85 to 3.96 eV [18]. Thus, based on our previous results and those studies, we became interested in adjusting the optical properties of In2S3 by incorporating oxygen atoms while

Influence of particle size and fluorination ratio of CF_x precursor compounds on the electrochemical performance of C–FeF₂ nanocomposites for reversible lithium storage

• Ben Breitung,
• M. Anji Reddy,
• Venkata Sai Kiran Chakravadhanula,
• Michael Engel,
• Christian Kübel,
• Annie K. Powell,
• Horst Hahn and
• Maximilian Fichtner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 705–713, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.80

• the electrochemical performance of the metal fluoride conversion systems [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. Recently, conversion systems with excellent cyclic stabilities were synthesized through the pyrolysis of metallocenes with LiF, in which agglomerates of LiF and transition

A facile synthesis of a carbon-encapsulated Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite and its performance as anode in lithium-ion batteries

• Raju Prakash,
• Katharina Fanselau,
• Shuhua Ren,
• Tapan Kumar Mandal,
• Christian Kübel,
• Horst Hahn and
• Maximilian Fichtner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 699–704, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.79

• -von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Karlsruhe, 76344, Germany Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, 89081, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.4.79 Abstract A carbon-encapsulated Fe3O4 nanocomposite was prepared by a simple one-step pyrolysis of iron pentacarbonyl without using any templates, solvents

• oxide; lithium-ion battery; nanoparticles; pyrolysis; Findings Due to high energy density and excellent cyclic performance, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become the leading energy storage device for portable electronic markets and for powering upcoming electric vehicles [1][2]. In order to obtain

• , plasma synthesis, electro-spray, and laser pyrolysis techniques. Much improved electrochemical performances have been achieved with the modified materials [13]. However, all aforementioned methods need multi-step processes that include removing solvents, surfactants, or templates. Especially, the removal

Ferromagnetic behaviour of Fe-doped ZnO nanograined films

• Boris B. Straumal,
• Svetlana G. Protasova,
• Andrei A. Mazilkin,
• Thomas Tietze,
• Eberhard Goering,
• Gisela Schütz,
• Petr B. Straumal and
• Brigitte Baretzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 361–369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.42

• deposited onto (102) single-crystalline sapphire substrates. Drying at 100 °C in air for about 30 min was followed by thermal pyrolysis in an electrical furnace in air at 550 °C. The Zn and Fe content in doped oxides was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy in a Perkin-Elmer spectrometer and electron

• ][52][54][55][58][64] or nanopowders [24][29][32][41][42][46][53][56][59][65][66], or for films obtained by sol–gel method, pyrolysis, CVD or PLD [22][23][25][27][28][45]. If the samples mentioned in the analysed papers were not poreless, such as in the partly sintered powders (open and filled diamonds

Near-field effects and energy transfer in hybrid metal-oxide nanostructures

• Ulrich Herr,
• Barat Achinuq,
• Cahit Benel,
• Giorgos Papageorgiou,
• Manuel Goncalves,
• Johannes Boneberg,
• Paul Leiderer,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Peter Marek and
• Horst Hahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 306–317, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.34

• . [16] on Eu-doped TiO2 nanoparticles with comparable Eu3+ concentration obtained by a plasma-pyrolysis synthesis route. The excitation spectrum of the TiO2:Eu nanoparticles is shown in Figure 4. The emission intensity at 617 nm was recorded and shows several maxima for excitation at around 400 nm as

Functionalization of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

• Eloise Van Hooijdonk,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Rony Snyders and
• Jean-François Colomer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 129–152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.14

• involving a single synthesis step and those requiring double step synthesis. The single-step synthesis is based on the pyrolysis of organometallic precursors such as metallocenes [29][30]; this method was called “floating catalyst CVD” because it does not require the preparation of catalyst particles

• pyrolysis of iron(II) phthalocyanine (FePc) under Ar/H2 atmosphere at 800–1100 °C, which leads to the growth of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes in the plasma-patterned polymer-free regions. The highly cross-linked structure of the plasma-patterned polymer films guarantees the integrity of the polymer

• fibers was solved by Feng et al. who made well-aligned MWCNTs/PANI hybrid materials. The methodology is the following: (i) VA-CNTs are grown on a quartz substrate by catalytic pyrolysis, (ii) the film is immersed in an aniline/HCl solution (0 °C, 12 h), (iii) polymerization on the CNTs surfaces. The

Reduced electron recombination of dye-sensitized solar cells based on TiO₂ spheres consisting of ultrathin nanosheets with [001] facet exposed

• Hongxia Wang,
• Meinan Liu,
• Cheng Yan and
• John Bell

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 378–387, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.44

• thoroughly washed with detergent water, distilled water, acetone, isopropanol and ethanol in sequence under sonication for 15 min. The cleaned FTO substrate was first coated with a compact layer of TiO2 film by spray pyrolysis to reduce the electron back reaction at the interface between the bare FTO and the

Template-assisted formation of microsized nanocrystalline CeO₂ tubes and their catalytic performance in the carboxylation of methanol

• Jörg J. Schneider,
• Meike Naumann,
• Christian Schäfer,
• Armin Brandner,
• Heiko J. Hofmann and
• Peter Claus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 776–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.86

• polymer-templating method was investigated in an effort to reduce such agglomeration [1][7][8][9][10][11]. Nanosized ceria can be synthesized by methods such as chemical vapour deposition (CVD), spray pyrolysis, hydrothermal synthesis or electrosynthesis [1][2][9]. These approaches lead to particulate

Approaches to nanostructure control and functionalizations of polymer@silica hybrid nanograss generated by biomimetic silica mineralization on a self-assembled polyamine layer

• Jian-Jun Yuan and
• Ren-Hua Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 760–773, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.84

• [8][9][10][11]. On the other hand, silica films consisted of a network of interwoven nanofibers were also reported as produced by flame spray pyrolysis of organometallic solutions with the deposition and annealing temperature of silica in the range from 500 to 800 °C [12]. However, these conventional

Formation of SiC nanoparticles in an atmospheric microwave plasma

• Martin Vennekamp,
• Ingolf Bauer,
• Matthias Groh,
• Evgeni Sperling,
• Susanne Ueberlein,
• Maksym Myndyk,
• Gerrit Mäder and
• Stefan Kaskel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 665–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.71

• industrial process. But, SiC nanoparticles also exhibit properties different from the bulk material and allow the creation of composite materials with new properties. Thus, their production has been studied by different methods such as the thermal pyrolysis of organic precursors [3][4][5], or plasma

• atmospheric plasma [18][19]. However, the established industrial production processes for nanoparticles, such as flame pyrolysis yielding millions of tons of carbon black or oxide nanoparticles per year, are performed at atmospheric pressure. The plasma synthesis of nanoparticles in atmospheric plasma offers