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Search for "saline" in Full Text gives 192 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.

Fully amino acid-based hydrogel as potential scaffold for cell culturing and drug delivery

  • Dávid Juriga,
  • Evelin Sipos,
  • Orsolya Hegedűs,
  • Gábor Varga,
  • Miklós Zrínyi,
  • Krisztina S. Nagy and
  • Angéla Jedlovszky-Hajdú

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2579–2593, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.249

Graphical Abstract
  • -buffered saline (PBS) tablet (Sigma), ᴅʟ-dithiothreitol (CAS: 3483-12-3, Sigma, ≥99%). Synthesis of poly(succinimide) Poly(succinimide) (PSI) was synthesized by thermal polycondensation of the mixture of ʟ-aspartic acid and orthophosphoric acid. The mixture was loaded into a 1 L flask and inserted into a
  • probability value is smaller than 0.05 (p < 0.05). Drug release measurement For the drug release measurement metoprolol was used as a model drug. Gel disks with a thickness of 0.75 mm and a diameter of 6 mm were swelled in physiological saline solution to reach the equilibrium swelling degree. After that
  • , they were immersed in 100 mg/mL metoprolol tartrate (Sigma-Aldrich) solution for three days, and then the solution was carefully sponged up from the gel surface prior to the measurement. The release of the metoprolol was measured in 20 mL physiological saline solution (cNaCl = 9 g/L, pH 5.5) and in 20
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Published 27 Dec 2019

Bombesin receptor-targeted liposomes for enhanced delivery to lung cancer cells

  • Mohammad J. Akbar,
  • Pâmela C. Lukasewicz Ferreira,
  • Melania Giorgetti,
  • Leanne Stokes and
  • Christopher J. Morris

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2553–2562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.246

Graphical Abstract
  • delivery of doxorubicin into PC-3 prostate cells using a modified bombesin targeting peptide [30]. The authors showed a reduction in mouse PC-3 xenograft size compared to non-targeted doxorubicin liposomes and saline control, consistent with tumour accumulation of the delivery system. In summary, an
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Published 19 Dec 2019

Evaluation of click chemistry microarrays for immunosensing of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

  • Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Dadfar,
  • Sylwia Sekula-Neuner,
  • Vanessa Trouillet,
  • Hui-Yu Liu,
  • Ravi Kumar,
  • Annie K. Powell and
  • Michael Hirtz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2505–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.241

Graphical Abstract
  • Figure 2b, the antibody coating was performed in two steps. First, the biotinylated surfaces were incubated for 1 h in a solution of 10 μg/mL of streptavidin in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The samples were washed with PBS and deionized water and were blow-dried with nitrogen. Second, a solution of
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Published 16 Dec 2019

Atomic force acoustic microscopy reveals the influence of substrate stiffness and topography on cell behavior

  • Yan Liu,
  • Li Li,
  • Xing Chen,
  • Ying Wang,
  • Meng-Nan Liu,
  • Jin Yan,
  • Liang Cao,
  • Lu Wang and
  • Zuo-Bin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2329–2337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.223

Graphical Abstract
  • placed into a 100 mm cell culture well. After sterilization for 1 h with ultraviolet light, the substrates were rinsed thrice with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and once with the cell-culture medium. Then, the cells (approximately 1 × 105 cells·mL−1) were seeded on the fabricated SU-8 substrates and
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Published 26 Nov 2019

Targeted therapeutic effect against the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 with a CuFe2O4/silica/cisplatin nanocomposite formulation

  • B. Rabindran Jermy,
  • Vijaya Ravinayagam,
  • Widyan A. Alamoudi,
  • Dana Almohazey,
  • Hatim Dafalla,
  • Lina Hussain Allehaibi,
  • Abdulhadi Baykal,
  • Muhammet S. Toprak and
  • Thirunavukkarasu Somanathan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2217–2228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.214

Graphical Abstract
  • saline solution. The presence of cubic spinel CuFe2O4 on HYPS was confirmed through powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and diffuse reflectance UV–vis spectroscopy (DR UV–vis) analysis. The HYPS particles showed a surface area of 170 m2/g, pore size of 8.3 nm
  • (NO3)3·9H2O with 1.4 g of predried support material (HYPS, AlMSU-F and silicalite) using a mortar and pestle for 30 min followed by calcination at 850 °C for 6 h. Cisplatin was functionalized by mixing 30 mg of cisplatin with 600 mg of CuFe2O4/HYPS in normal saline solution (NSS) in an ice-cooled dark
  • environment. After stirring overnight, the solution mixture was filtered and washed with 15 mL of normal saline solution. Then the adsorbed cisplatin was calculated using UV–visible spectroscopy at 208 nm [14]. Depending on the support, the loaded formulations were labelled as CuFe2O4/HYPS, CuFe2O4/AlMSU-F
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Published 12 Nov 2019

Mannosylated brush copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ε-caprolactone) as multivalent lectin-binding nanomaterials

  • Stefania Ordanini,
  • Wanda Celentano,
  • Anna Bernardi and
  • Francesco Cellesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2192–2206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.212

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  • . Turbidimetric assay This assay was performed in filtered (PTFE, 0.2 μm) HEPES-buffered saline (HBS), containing 10 mM HEPES, 150 mM NaCl and 1 mM CaCl2 at pH 7.4, according to a procedure already reported in the literature [38]. The stock solution of Con A (6 μM with respect to the tetramer, MW = 104000 Da) was
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Published 07 Nov 2019

Use of data processing for rapid detection of the prostate-specific antigen biomarker using immunomagnetic sandwich-type sensors

  • Camila A. Proença,
  • Tayane A. Freitas,
  • Thaísa A. Baldo,
  • Elsa M. Materón,
  • Flávio M. Shimizu,
  • Gabriella R. Ferreira,
  • Frederico L. F. Soares,
  • Ronaldo C. Faria and
  • Osvaldo N. Oliveira Jr.

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2171–2181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.210

Graphical Abstract
  • incubated with 5 μL of bovine serum albumin (BSA) (2% w/w) diluted in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), to avoid non-specific binding. Preparation of the bioconjugate complex of Ab2 and HRP (Ab2-MNP-HRP). Illustration of the PSA capturing step. Comparison of various sandwich-type immunosensors and
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Published 06 Nov 2019

Incorporation of doxorubicin in different polymer nanoparticles and their anticancer activity

  • Sebastian Pieper,
  • Hannah Onafuye,
  • Dennis Mulac,
  • Jindrich Cinatl Jr.,
  • Mark N. Wass,
  • Martin Michaelis and
  • Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2062–2072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.201

Graphical Abstract
  • (vinyl alcohol) (PVA, 30,000–70,000 Da), bovine serum albumin (BSA), HSA, and glutaraldehyde were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Karlsruhe, Germany). Dulbecco's Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was purchased from Biochrom GmbH (Berlin, Germany). Doxorubicin was obtained from LGC Standards GmbH
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Published 29 Oct 2019

Gold-coated plant virus as computed tomography imaging contrast agent

  • Alaa A. A. Aljabali,
  • Mazhar S. Al Zoubi,
  • Khalid M. Al-Batanyeh,
  • Ali Al-Radaideh,
  • Mohammad A. Obeid,
  • Abeer Al Sharabi,
  • Walhan Alshaer,
  • Bayan AbuFares,
  • Tasnim Al-Zanati,
  • Murtaza M. Tambuwala,
  • Naveed Akbar and
  • David J. Evans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1983–1993, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.195

Graphical Abstract
  • carbonate, sucrose, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; 25%), 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES) buffer, isopropanol, tetrachloroauric acid, trypsin, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), HEPES sodium salt, Triton™ X-100, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) tablets, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were purchased
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Published 07 Oct 2019

Magnetic properties of biofunctionalized iron oxide nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

  • Natalia E. Gervits,
  • Andrey A. Gippius,
  • Alexey V. Tkachev,
  • Evgeniy I. Demikhov,
  • Sergey S. Starchikov,
  • Igor S. Lyubutin,
  • Alexander L. Vasiliev,
  • Vladimir P. Chekhonin,
  • Maxim A. Abakumov,
  • Alevtina S. Semkina and
  • Alexander G. Mazhuga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1964–1972, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.193

Graphical Abstract
  • phosphate-buffered saline (10 mg mL−1, 1.3 mL) was added to the reaction mixture that was incubated for another 2 h. To remove excess low molecular weight substances and unbound molecules of HSA, the final solution was washed with distilled water on 100 kDa MWCO centrifugal filters (Amicon, USA) until the
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Published 02 Oct 2019

Engineered superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for dual-modality imaging of intracranial glioblastoma via EGFRvIII targeting

  • Xianping Liu,
  • Chengjuan Du,
  • Haichun Li,
  • Ting Jiang,
  • Zimiao Luo,
  • Zhiqing Pang,
  • Daoying Geng and
  • Jun Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1860–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.181

Graphical Abstract
  • Sigma (USA) and Cy7.5 NHS ester was purchased from Nanocs (USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), phosphate buffered saline (PBS), trypsin-EDTA (0.25%), high glucose Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and penicillin-streptomycin were purchased from Gibco (CA, USA). The MTT cell proliferation and
  • of the tumor two weeks after tumor-cell inocculation. Tumor-bearing mice were then randomly divided into three groups (NP, PNP and control group, n = 4) and received an injection of NPs, PNPs (20 mg of Fe/kg) or an equal volume of saline via the tail vein, respectively. Subsequently, T2-weighted MR
  • after nanoprobe injection, the tumor-bearing mice were sacrificed according to the previously described methods using heart perfusion with saline and the major organs (brain, heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney) were sampled for ex vivo fluorescence imaging by an IVIS spectrum imaging system [27
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Published 11 Sep 2019

Toxicity and safety study of silver and gold nanoparticles functionalized with cysteine and glutathione

  • Barbara Pem,
  • Igor M. Pongrac,
  • Lea Ulm,
  • Ivan Pavičić,
  • Valerije Vrček,
  • Darija Domazet Jurašin,
  • Marija Ljubojević,
  • Adela Krivohlavek and
  • Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1802–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.175

Graphical Abstract
  • were regularly tested for absence of mycoplasma by means of a direct DNA dye test [85]. When the cells reached 80% confluence, the culture medium was removed with a pipette; the cells were washed once with sterile phosphate buffer saline (PBS), detached from the flask by adding trypsin/EDTA (0.25
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Published 02 Sep 2019

Doxorubicin-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles overcome transporter-mediated drug resistance in drug-adapted cancer cells

  • Hannah Onafuye,
  • Sebastian Pieper,
  • Dennis Mulac,
  • Jindrich Cinatl Jr.,
  • Mark N. Wass,
  • Klaus Langer and
  • Martin Michaelis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1707–1715, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.166

Graphical Abstract
  • cells. Experimental Reagents and chemicals HSA and glutaraldehyde were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Karlsruhe, Germany). Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was purchased from Biochrom GmbH (Berlin, Germany). Doxorubicin was obtained from LGC Standards GmbH (Wesel, Germany). All
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Published 14 Aug 2019

Enhanced inhibition of influenza virus infection by peptide–noble-metal nanoparticle conjugates

  • Zaid K. Alghrair,
  • David G. Fernig and
  • Bahram Ebrahimi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1038–1047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.104

Graphical Abstract
  • functionalise the nanoparticles with FluPep ligand, this was incorporated into the initial ligand mix at the molar fraction indicated in the figure legends. The ligand mixture was added to 900 µL (gold or silver) nanoparticles and vortex-mixed. Once mixed, 100 µL of 10× phosphate-buffered saline (PBS: 137 mM
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Published 14 May 2019

Serum type and concentration both affect the protein-corona composition of PLGA nanoparticles

  • Katrin Partikel,
  • Robin Korte,
  • Dennis Mulac,
  • Hans-Ulrich Humpf and
  • Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1002–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.101

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  • obtained from Promega Corporation (Madison, USA). Urea was purchased from Acros Organics (New Jersey, USA). Human liver cancer cells (HepG2) were kindly provided by the Institute of Food Chemistry of the University of Muenster, Germany. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium
  • with Lumogen® Red-loaded PLGA NPs, free Lumogen® Red or serum-free medium as previously described. After 6 h, the cells were washed twice with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS++, containing Ca2+ and Mg2+) and fixed for 15 min with 4% paraformaldehyde at room temperature. After an additional washing step
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Published 06 May 2019

Direct growth of few-layer graphene on AlN-based resonators for high-sensitivity gravimetric biosensors

  • Jimena Olivares,
  • Teona Mirea,
  • Lorena Gordillo-Dagallier,
  • Bruno Marco,
  • José Miguel Escolano,
  • Marta Clement and
  • Enrique Iborra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 975–984, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.98

Graphical Abstract
  • sample in a solution of 0.2 nM 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) with 0.8 mM N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) in 10 mM phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). This step requires the generation of carboxyl groups (–COOH) on the surface of the sample capable of binding the NH groups of
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Published 29 Apr 2019

Experimental study of an evanescent-field biosensor based on 1D photonic bandgap structures

  • Jad Sabek,
  • Francisco Javier Díaz-Fernández,
  • Luis Torrijos-Morán,
  • Zeneida Díaz-Betancor,
  • Ángel Maquieira,
  • María-José Bañuls,
  • Elena Pinilla-Cienfuegos and
  • Jaime García-Rupérez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 967–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.97

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  • results obtained for one of the groups of PBG sensing structures in the biosensing experiments carried out. After an initial flow of PBS-T buffer (phosphate buffered saline + 0.01% Tween 20) over a period of 10 min to establish the baseline, BSA 1 µg/mL in PBS-T was flowed over the biofunctionalized PBG
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Published 26 Apr 2019

Effects of gold and PCL- or PLLA-coated silica nanoparticles on brain endothelial cells and the blood–brain barrier

  • Aniela Bittner,
  • Angélique D. Ducray,
  • Hans Rudolf Widmer,
  • Michael H. Stoffel and
  • Meike Mevissen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 941–954, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.95

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  • Au-NPs for 2 h or 24 h. Non-exposed cells were used as control. At the end of NP exposure, exposed and non-exposed cells were incubated with MTT dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (Life Technologies, UK) for 4 h at 37 °C and 5% CO2 (final concentration: [0.5 mg/mL]). The cell culture medium
  • -buffered saline (DPBS) (Life Technologies, UK), cells were blocked with 10% horse serum in 0.4% Triton-PBS for 1–2 h at room temperature. Subsequently, cells were incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C (Table 1). After washing four times with PBS, except for Acti-stain 488 phalloidin, the
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Published 25 Apr 2019

The systemic effect of PEG-nGO-induced oxidative stress in vivo in a rodent model

  • Qura Tul Ain,
  • Samina Hyder Haq,
  • Abeer Alshammari,
  • Moudhi Abdullah Al-Mutlaq and
  • Muhammad Naeem Anjum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 901–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.91

Graphical Abstract
  • administrated dose of PEG-nGO was estimated from previous studies [28][29]. Three groups were administered PEG-nGO (1 mL, 5 mg/kg) saline suspension while one group was administered saline (1 mL) only through an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. All groups were administrated once. The group that was
  • administered saline only was treated as control group. To study the oxidative stress of PEG-nGO, the mice were anesthetized and were dissected after specific intervals of time (1 h, 2 h, and 4 h). After dissection, organs including the brain, heart, liver, and kidneys were carefully removed with the help of a
  • sterilized scalpel and iris scissors. All organs were washed with saline and were homogenized with a total volume of 10 mL using sterilized phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4). All used protocols were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of King Saud University, in accordance with the international guiding
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Published 18 Apr 2019

Rapid, ultraviolet-induced, reversibly switchable wettability of superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic surfaces

  • Yunlu Pan,
  • Wenting Kong,
  • Bharat Bhushan and
  • Xuezeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 866–873, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.87

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  • surfaces in a suspension of TiO2 modified with trimethoxypropyl saline. In this work, the wettability transition time from superhydrophobic (WCA ≈ 158°) to superhydrophilic (WCA ≈ 0°) occurred within 120 min of UV illumination. Although large range wettability switching can be achieved in many ways, the
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Published 15 Apr 2019

The nanoscaled metal-organic framework ICR-2 as a carrier of porphyrins for photodynamic therapy

  • Jan Hynek,
  • Sebastian Jurík,
  • Martina Koncošová,
  • Jaroslav Zelenka,
  • Ivana Křížová,
  • Tomáš Ruml,
  • Kaplan Kirakci,
  • Ivo Jakubec,
  • František Kovanda,
  • Kamil Lang and
  • Jan Demel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2960–2967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.275

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  • Inorganic Chemistry Rez) constructed from Fe3+ and phenylene-1,4-bis(methylphosphinic acid) (PBPA) linkers [25]. ICR-2 in the microcrystalline form is stable in aqueous solutions even at high temperatures and partly retains its structure and porosity even after treatment with phosphate buffer saline (PBS
  • ), absolute ethanol (EtOH, Fischer Sci.), FeCl3·6H2O, formamide, and phosphate-buffered saline suitable for cell culture (all Sigma-Aldrich) were used as purchased. Phenylene-1,4-bis(methylphosphinic acid) was prepared according to [25]. Phosphinic acid porphyrins 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-methylphosphinatophenyl
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Published 30 Nov 2018

Comparative biological effects of spherical noble metal nanoparticles (Rh, Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) with 4–8 nm diameter

  • Alexander Rostek,
  • Marina Breisch,
  • Kevin Pappert,
  • Kateryna Loza,
  • Marc Heggen,
  • Manfred Köller,
  • Christina Sengstock and
  • Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2763–2774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.258

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  • GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany). The cells were maintained at 37 °C in a humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere and sub-cultivated every 7–14 days, depending on the cell proliferation. Adherent cells were washed with phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS, GIBCO, Invitrogen GmbH) and detached from the culture flasks
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Published 29 Oct 2018

Cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-conjugated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]-modified γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles towards human tumor cells

  • Zdeněk Plichta,
  • Yulia Kozak,
  • Rostyslav Panchuk,
  • Viktoria Sokolova,
  • Matthias Epple,
  • Lesya Kobylinska,
  • Pavla Jendelová and
  • Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2533–2545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.236

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  • , USA). Methacryloyl chloride (Sigma-Aldrich) was distilled and 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN; Fluka; Buchs, Switzerland) was recrystallized from ethanol. Doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox) was from TCI Chemicals (Tokyo, Japan). Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was prepared on site. 1,2
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Published 25 Sep 2018

Non-agglomerated silicon–organic nanoparticles and their nanocomplexes with oligonucleotides: synthesis and properties

  • Asya S. Levina,
  • Marina N. Repkova,
  • Nadezhda V. Shikina,
  • Zinfer R. Ismagilov,
  • Svetlana A. Yashnik,
  • Dmitrii V. Semenov,
  • Yulia I. Savinovskaya,
  • Natalia A. Mazurkova,
  • Inna A. Pyshnaya and
  • Valentina F. Zarytova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2516–2525, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.234

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  • –NH2Flu nanoparticles and Si–NH2·ODN(3)Flu nanocomplex (final concentration in medium 0.1 mM for Si and 0.2 µM for the Flu residue) were added to the culture media. After incubation for 8 h at 37 °C, the medium was removed, and the cells were rinsed twice with phosphate buffer saline (PBS), followed by
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Published 21 Sep 2018

Enhanced antineoplastic/therapeutic efficacy using 5-fluorouracil-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles

  • Shanid Mohiyuddin,
  • Saba Naqvi and
  • Gopinath Packirisamy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2499–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.233

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  • against two different pH environments, i.e., pH 5.5 in sodium acetate buffer and pH 7.4 in phosphate-buffered saline, under mild agitation. 1 mL of the dialysing media was periodically withdrawn (release medium) and the optical density of 5-FU at 265 nm was determined. The results, fit to a linear
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Published 20 Sep 2018
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