Interaction between honeybee mandibles and propolis

• Leonie Saccardi,
• Franz Brümmer,
• Jonas Schiebl,
• Oliver Schwarz,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 958–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.84

• consequence of increased stress during the processing of resin. Propolis adhesion on bee mandibles It has been reported [2] that propolis is a very sticky substance. Previous studies showed that propolis work of adhesion on glass is approximately 3 J/m2 (Table 2, [1]). We performed adhesion experiments with

Design of a biomimetic, small-scale artificial leaf surface for the study of environmental interactions

• Miriam Anna Huth,
• Axel Huth,
• Lukas Schreiber and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 944–957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.83

• temperatures, reduced humidity, increased UV radiation, or drought stress can lead to increased wax accumulation [55][64][69][70][71]. Therefore, it was also examined whether there were differences in the wax chemistry between the greenhouse plants and the outdoor plants. The results showed hardly any

• cell development, (4) resistance to mechanical stress, (5) control of water loss, (6) control of solute uptake, (7) protection from hazardous radiation, (8) reduction of spore, bacterial, and viral attachment, (9) self-cleaning ability (modified after [9]). Schematic drawing of the device for wax

DNA aptamer selection and construction of an aptasensor based on graphene FETs for Zika virus NS1 protein detection

• Nathalie B. F. Almeida,
• Thiago A. S. L. Sousa,
• Viviane C. F. Santos,
• Camila M. S. Lacerda,
• Thais G. Silva,
• Rafaella F. Q. Grenfell,
• Flavio Plentz and
• Antero S. R. Andrade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 873–881, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.78

• ZIKV60 aptamers, while human serum was adopted for ZIKV NS1 protein detection. Human serum (from human male AB plasma) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. We stress the fact that by using human serum as the gating electrolyte we can directly address any question about the selectivity of the detection since

Recent advances in nanoarchitectures of monocrystalline coordination polymers through confined assembly

• Lingling Xia,
• Qinyue Wang and
• Ming Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 763–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.67

• core crystal [129]. After growing thicker, the interfacial stress forced the core crystal to yield to the shell crystal, making the whole composite present a single phase as the shell crystal [129]. The grown monocrystalline coordination polymer layer dominated the electrochemical behavior of the whole

Direct measurement of surface photovoltage by AC bias Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Masato Miyazaki,
• Yasuhiro Sugawara and
• Yan Jun Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 712–720, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.63

• changes in surface potential induced by modulated external disturbances such as electric fields, magnetic fields [70][71], and stress fields [72][73]. Appendix Sensitivity of AC-KPFM in the FM mode The sensitivity of AC-KPFM in the FM mode is comparable to the sensitivity of FM-KPFM. The frequency noise

Fabrication and testing of polymer microneedles for transdermal drug delivery

• Vahid Ebrahiminejad,
• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 629–640, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.55

• piercing model, an erosion algorithm was used to eliminate the elements that reached their failure stress. To optimize the run time, the automatic mass scaling method was activated with a minimum Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) time step of 1 picosecond [33]. The mass scale algorithm artificially increases

• essential and can be performed using experimental and analytical approaches. For a MN array of N projections to puncture the skin with the application of a vertical force F, the tip radius of the MNs must be small enough to exceed the puncture stress . Assuming an approximately hemispherical tip, the

• condition on the tip radius for an array of N MNs applied with a force F is: For a particular application force (F), the maximum tip radius rt can be approximated based on the skin’s ultimate stress before puncture (). During actual insertions, MNs are not always inserted in an exactly vertical fashion

Effects of substrate stiffness on the viscoelasticity and migration of prostate cancer cells examined by atomic force microscopy

• Xiaoqiong Tang,
• Yan Zhang,
• Jiangbing Mao,
• Yuhua Wang,
• Zhenghong Zhang,
• Zhengchao Wang and
• Hongqin Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 560–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.47

• factors, but also provides a suitable mechanical environment for cells, including physical signals such as substrate stiffness, hydrostatic pressure, shear stress, strain, pressure, and tension [7][8][9]. These mechanical factors play an important role in regulating normal cellular physiological functions

Tubular glassy carbon microneedles with fullerene-like tips for biomedical applications

• Sharali Malik and
• George E. Kostakis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 455–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.38

• -like fracture. However, more recently, it has been shown that glassy carbons can graphitize under high-stress conditions [27][28]. Furthermore, it has been shown that intercalated species can increase the interlayer spacing of graphitic carbons [29]. It has also been shown that this increase in

• interlayer spacing in glassy carbon corresponds to the nature of the intercalating species [26]. Here the “stress” arises from the constraints of the growing glassy carbon layers from the curved alumina gas-flow tube and the intercalating species, which are gaseous species, generated when methane undergoes

Electrostatic pull-in application in flexible devices: A review

• Teng Cai,
• Yuming Fang,
• Yingli Fang,
• Ruozhou Li,
• Ying Yu and
• Mingyang Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 390–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.32

• maximum temperature of the interconnect with a thickness of 10 nm could be reduced by 30%. Ng et al. [66] conducted stress tests on the prepared GR-NEM switch and proposed a nail structure to improve reliability. Li et al. [67][68][69][70] compared the effects of graphene materials on ESD performance. Due

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• under genomic and oxidative stress conditions. Furthermore, this formulation had a long residence time (>19 days) in the murine joint after intra-articular injection [29]. In addition, microspheres with a higher surface-to-volume ratio can provide a three-dimensional (3D) environment for cell anchorage

• monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis in rats. The SM-loaded NPs showed suitable properties in terms of particle size (81.4 nm), zeta potential (−28.3 mV), and high encapsulation efficiency (97.5%). Histological criteria, knee bend score, and oxidative stress remarkably improved in rats treated with the SM

• tissue engineering. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of CNTs into PCL scaffolds improved the mechanical properties, such as failure stress, yield stress, and Young’s modulus, and had no adverse effects on MSC survival [136]. Due to the specific orientation of chondrocytes, tissue

Coordination-assembled myricetin nanoarchitectonics for sustainably scavenging free radicals

• Xiaoyan Ma,
• Haoning Gong,
• Kenji Ogino,
• Xuehai Yan and
• Ruirui Xing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 284–291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.23

• , Beijing, P. R. China School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China 10.3762/bjnano.13.23 Abstract Oxidative stress can lead to permanent and irreversible damage to cellular components and even cause cancer and other diseases. Therefore, the development of

• offers a new design to harness stable, sustainable antioxidant nanoparticles with high loading capacity, high bioavailability, and good biocompatibility as antioxidants. Keywords: antioxidant; co-assembly; glutathione; myricetin; nanoarchitectonics; Introduction Oxidative stress, caused by an imbalance

• between antioxidative and oxidative systems, leads to permanent and irreversible damage of cellular components, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids [1]. Furthermore, oxidative stress leads to diseases including Alzheimer’s disease [2], cardiac disease [3], atherosclerosis [4], kidney disease [5

Photothermal ablation of murine melanomas by Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle clusters

• Xue Wang,
• Lili Xuan and
• Ying Pan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 255–264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.20

• NIR irradiation. HSP70 is frequently activated in response to heat stress, and earlier studies have found that it promotes apoptosis at least by eliciting antitumor immune responses [21]. This chaperone protein has been shown in our earlier study to be involved in mediating the photothermal effects of

Effects of drug concentration and PLGA addition on the properties of electrospun ampicillin trihydrate-loaded PLA nanofibers

• Tuğba Eren Böncü and
• Nurten Ozdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 245–254, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.19

• of the nanofibers were calculated from the strain–stress curves. Statistical analyses All data were expressed as mean ± SD. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 20.0 for Windows (SPSS, Chicago, IL). The significance was evaluated with one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test (SPSS

Relationship between corrosion and nanoscale friction on a metallic glass

• Haoran Ma and
• Roland Bennewitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 236–244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.18

• copper surfaces, where it was suggested that more electrons escape in the vicinity of a peak than in a valley [27]. A surface undulation with parallel valleys on our ZrNiTi MG ribbons may be the reason for the distribution of pits along lines. Another possible reason is residual stress, indicated by the

Piezoelectric nanogenerator for bio-mechanical strain measurement

• Zafar Javed,
• Lybah Rafiq,
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer,
• Saqib Siddiqui,
• Muhammad Babar Ramzan,
• Muhammad Qamar Khan and
• Muhammad Salman Naeem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 192–200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.14

• diameter variation of nanofibers against different solution concentrations (D). X-ray diffraction pattern of nanofibers at various concentrations. Digital oscilloscope graph of the sensor under low dynamic strain (A), the output voltage under low dynamic stress (B), digital oscilloscope graph of the sensor

• under high dynamic strain (C), the output voltage under high dynamic stress (D), digital oscilloscope graph of the sensor under low dynamic strain but with high frequency (E), and a piezoelectric sensor developed from 16 wt % solution (F). Integration of nanofibrous mesh into a knitted fabric for human

Effect of lubricants on the rotational transmission between solid-state gears

• Huang-Hsiang Lin,
• Jonathan Heinze,
• Alexander Croy,
• Rafael Gutiérrez and
• Gianaurelio Cuniberti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 54–62, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.3

• fluid. One obtains several fluid properties such as pressure, velocity, shear stress, density and strain rate. In the case of the gear–oil–gear system, several studies based on the CFD simulation have been reported [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. However, most of the simulations for this type of

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

• detailed information about the Finke–Watzky mechanism, the mathematical analysis of data, and links to useful references in [77][107][108][109]. It is important to stress that the autocatalytic model does not deny the possibility of the further growth of the metal NPs by secondary processes such as

Alteration of nanomechanical properties of pancreatic cancer cells through anticancer drug treatment revealed by atomic force microscopy

• Xiaoteng Liang,
• Shuai Liu,
• Xiuchao Wang,
• Dan Xia and
• Qiang Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1372–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.101

• /or the cytoskeleton, which cause cancer cell death [8][9]. Fang et al. found that N-methyl-ᴅ-aspartate (NMDA) binding to NMDA receptors on cell membranes will increase the overall contractile forces in the cytoskeleton, thus increasing the pre-existing mechanical stress [10]. Yun et al. reported that

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

• Sadaf Mushtaq,
• Khuram Shahzad,
• Tariq Saeed,
• Anwar Ul-Hamid,
• Bilal Haider Abbasi,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Waqas Khalid,
• Muhammad Atif,
• Zulqurnain Ali and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

• . The nanoparticles caused cytotoxicity via oxidative stress, causing DNA damage and activation of p53-mediated cell cycle arrest (significantly elevated expression, p < 0.005, majorly G1 and G2/M arrest) and apoptosis. Cytotoxicity testing in 3D spheroids showed significant (p < 0.05) reduction in

• or by leakage of the metal ions from the core surface, causing oxidative stress. This phenomenon can be controlled by coating the NPs with polymeric shells, which enhances their biocompatibility and stability [40]. All drug-loaded samples exhibited a dose-dependent response. Among DOX-loaded NPs, ZFO

• biocompatibility of NPs-PMA at a given dose and treatment time. Cells undergo oxidative stress upon treatment with functionalized MFe2O4 NPs Generation of ROS has been associated with DNA damage, inflammation, apoptosis and senescence in cells [41]. The 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2-DCFDA) assay

Polarity in cuticular ridge development and insect attachment on leaf surfaces of Schismatoglottis calyptrata (Araceae)

• Venkata A. Surapaneni,
• Tobias Aust,
• Thomas Speck and
• Marc Thielen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1326–1338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.98

• stress, temperature, and excess radiation and/or might represent a defense mechanism against, for example, insects or viruses [33][34][35]. When the leaves are rolled, the intensity of light reaching each underlying layer of the rolled-up leaf and the transpiration properties within each layer will be

Enhancement of the piezoelectric coefficient in PVDF-TrFe/CoFe₂O₄ nanocomposites through DC magnetic poling

• Marco Fortunato,
• Alessio Tamburrano,
• Maria Paola Bracciale,
• Maria Laura Santarelli and
• Maria Sabrina Sarto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1262–1270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.93

• with zinc oxide nanostructures [1][3][5][6]. Recently, it was shown that the β phase content of PVDF can be improved introducing CoFe2O4 nanoparticles into the polymer and applying a DC magnetic field [25]. This effect has been ascribed to the strong tensile stress at the CoFe2O4/PVDF interfaces

A review on slip boundary conditions at the nanoscale: recent development and applications

• Ruifei Wang,
• Jin Chai,
• Bobo Luo,
• Xiong Liu,
• Jianting Zhang,
• Min Wu,
• Mingdan Wei and
• Zhuanyue Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1237–1251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.91

• zero (see Figure 1a). The relationship between slip length b and liquid slip velocity νs at the surface can be expressed as follows: where ν is liquid velocity and h is the channel height. When the liquid is at equilibrium, the viscous shear stress is exerted by the liquid on the wall, where η is the

• shear viscosity of the liquid, equal to the friction stress suffered by the liquid from the wall, which is expressed as σ = λνs, where λ represents the interfacial friction coefficient [46]. Therefore, the slip length can be expressed as , which indicates that the slip length is reduced with the

Impact of electron–phonon coupling on electron transport through T-shaped arrangements of quantum dots in the Kondo regime

• Patryk Florków and
• Stanisław Lipiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1209–1225, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.89

• for ω = 0 for the main peaks (see inset) and for ω = nω0 for the satellites, exhibit Fano shape corresponding to a given qeff. For λO = 0.22, where qeff = 0, the line is symmetric. It is worth to stress that the widths of the dips in the main peak are the same as in the satellites, which proves that

A new method for obtaining model-free viscoelastic material properties from atomic force microscopy experiments using discrete integral transform techniques

• Berkin Uluutku,
• Enrique A. López-Guerra and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1063–1077, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.79

• excitation of stress. Our proposed model-free approach follows the spirit of related Fourier-based methods, where viscoelastic material extraction has been achieved under some limited circumstances [29][30][31]. However, in this work, we exploit the advantages of the Z-transform, which we believe is more

•  2), for which we carry out the force analysis in the complex domain (force spectroscopy). Theoretical Background It is well known that the behavior of viscoelastic materials is history-dependent, as a result of which, the stress–strain relationships governing their deformation are functionals (not

• functions). More specifically, the stress at a given instant depends on the total previous history of strain and vice versa [13]. This history dependence is often expressed in the form of convolution integrals: where Q(t) and U(t) are known as relaxance and retardance, respectively. As already stated

An overview of microneedle applications, materials, and fabrication methods

• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1034–1046, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.77

• penetration are obviously dependent on microneedle tip dimensions and skin puncture stress. Consequently, there is increased interest in ultrasharp microneedles with tips having minimum lateral dimensions below 1 µm. The penetration force linearly increases with array size and the use of controlled force