Molecular architectonics of DNA for functional nanoarchitectures

• Debasis Ghosh,
• Lakshmi P. Datta and
• Thimmaiah Govindaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 124–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.11

• template for nanowire synthesis. The miniaturization of devices is of central importance in electronics and has galvanized significant research in materials science. The need for the miniaturization of devices at the nanoscale interface has led to the exploration of new material systems and building blocks

The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency

• Arianna Gennari,
• Julio M. Rios de la Rosa,
• Erwin Hohn,
• Maria Pelliccia,
• Enrique Lallana,
• Roberto Donno,
• Annalisa Tirella and
• Nicola Tirelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2594–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.250

• two-step process based on intermediate (template) particles produced via ionotropic gelation of chitosan with triphosphate (TPP), which are then incubated with HA, or B) through direct polyelectrolyte complexation of chitosan and HA. Here we demonstrate that HA is capable to quantitatively replace TPP

• in the template process and significant aggregation takes place during the TPP–HA exchange. The templated chitosan/HA nanoparticles therefore have a mildly larger size (measured by dynamic light scattering alone or by field flow fractionation coupled to static or dynamic light scattering), and above

• the cellular delivery of a payload. Here, we have compared the physico-chemical and carrier properties of the product of chitosan/HA polyelectrolyte complexation (“direct process” in Scheme 1) and that of the process where chitosan–TPP nanoparticles are produced first and act as a kind of template for

Label-free highly sensitive probe detection with novel hierarchical SERS substrates fabricated by nanoindentation and chemical reaction methods

• Jingran Zhang,
• Tianqi Jia,
• Yongda Yan,
• Li Wang,
• Peng Miao,
• Yimin Han,
• Xinming Zhang,
• Guangfeng Shi,
• Yanquan Geng,
• Zhankun Weng,
• Daniel Laipple and
• Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2483–2496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.239

• where the optimized enhancement factor was determined to be 8.6 × 106. Zhong et al. [11] presented nanoparticles formed by HAuCl3 and sodium citrate solutions on the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) template as a transparent SERS substrate. Then, malachite green at a concentration of 0.1 nmol/L was

• the template-assisted assembly of gold nanospheres with patterned PDMS molds featuring square array geometries with lattice parameters of 400 to 1600 nm and hole diameters of 230 to 960 nm. Then 4-acetamidothiophenol at 10−4 mol/L was detected using this substrate. Domenici et al. [22] used electron

Targeted therapeutic effect against the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 with a CuFe₂O₄/silica/cisplatin nanocomposite formulation

• B. Rabindran Jermy,
• Vijaya Ravinayagam,
• Widyan A. Alamoudi,
• Dana Almohazey,
• Hatim Dafalla,
• Lina Hussain Allehaibi,
• Abdulhadi Baykal,
• Muhammet S. Toprak and
• Thirunavukkarasu Somanathan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2217–2228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.214

• -house using tetraethyl orthosilicalite and tetrapropylammonium hydroxide as the silica source and template. All chemicals were used as-receied without any further modification or purification. Preparation of 30 wt % CuFe2O4/HYPS The sample was prepared by mixing 0.65 g of Cu(NO3)2·3H2O and 1.01 g of Fe

Ultrathin Ni_1−xCo_xS₂ nanoflakes as high energy density electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors

• Xiaoxiang Wang,
• Teng Wang,
• Rusen Zhou,
• Lijuan Fan,
• Shengli Zhang,
• Feng Yu,
• Tuquabo Tesfamichael,
• Liwei Su and
• Hongxia Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2207–2216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.213

• NiCo2S4 nanotubes synthesised via sacrificial template method, which reached a capacitance of 930 F·g−1 at 1 A·g−1 [15]. Chen et al. reported on one-step electrodeposited nickel–cobalt sulfide nanosheet arrays that reached 1420 F·g−1 at 5 A·g−1 [16]. Similarly, NiCo2O4 nanorods with a capacitance of 905

Microbubbles decorated with dendronized magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical imaging: effective stabilization via fluorous interactions

• Da Shi,
• Justine Wallyn,
• Dinh-Vu Nguyen,
• Francis Perton,
• Delphine Felder-Flesch,
• Sylvie Bégin-Colin,
• Mounir Maaloum and
• Marie Pierre Krafft

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2103–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.205

• and Discussion Synthesis and grafting of dendrons on iron oxide nanoparticles The OEG dendrons were synthesized as described in the Experimental section. Briefly, the piperazine scaffold was selected as an appropriate template to introduce the perfluoroalkylated or alkylated chain on a generation 1

Review of advanced sensor devices employing nanoarchitectonics concepts

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Tatsuyuki Makita,
• Masato Ito,
• Taizo Mori,
• Shun Watanabe and
• Jun Takeya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2014–2030, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.198

• can be obtained by molecular self-assembly [112][113][114] and template synthesis [115][116][117][118][119]. For example, various sensors with self-assembled fullerene materials and their carbonized materials as sensing structures were reported for aromatic gas vapors [120][121] and carbonized

Porous silver-coated pNIPAM-co-AAc hydrogel nanocapsules

• William W. Bryan,
• Riddhiman Medhi,
• Maria D. Marquez,
• Supparesk Rittikulsittichai,
• Michael Tran and
• T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1973–1982, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.194

• circumvent these issues and accomplish smooth, continuous nanocapsule growth, we utilized sodium citrate to assist in the stabilization of the core template along with silver nitrate to increase the rate of nanocapsule growth. This approach proved to be successful in growing complete silver nanocapsules, as

The influence of porosity on nanoparticle formation in hierarchical aluminophosphates

• Matthew E. Potter,
• Lauren N. Riley,
• Alice E. Oakley,
• Panashe M. Mhembere,
• June Callison and
• Robert Raja

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1952–1957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.191

• ]ammonium chloride (DMOD) in an AlPO synthesis, alongside a microporous template, allows silanol-lined mesopores to form simultaneously with the microporous network, yielding a hierarchically porous (HP) system [14]. In this work, we utilise both a HP silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO) system and a traditional

Nanoarchitectonics meets cell surface engineering: shape recognition of human cells by halloysite-doped silica cell imprints

• Elvira Rozhina,
• Ilnur Ishmukhametov,
• Svetlana Batasheva,
• Farida Akhatova and
• Rawil Fakhrullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1818–1825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.176

• detection of human cells. We used HeLa cells to template silica inorganic shells doped with halloysite clay nanotubes. The shells were destroyed by sonication resulting in the formation of polydisperse hybrid imprints that were used to recognise HeLa cells in liquid media supplemented with yeast. We believe

• for designing new methods for the selective recognition of normal and tumor cells. Future research is needed to thoroughly investigate the capabilities of our method to template imprints and then recognise the target cells depending on species or cell type. Experimental Materials and reagents

Novel hollow titanium dioxide nanospheres with antimicrobial activity against resistant bacteria

• Carol López de Dicastillo,
• Cristian Patiño,
• María José Galotto,
• Yesseny Vásquez-Martínez,
• Claudia Torrent,
• Daniela Alburquenque,
• Alejandro Pereira and
• Juan Escrig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1716–1725, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.167

• CSTiO2 The morphology of each structure obtained through the entire process for the development of CSTiO2 was observed using SEM (Zeiss EVO MA10 SEM) at 20 kV. Electrosprayed SPVP particles, before and after the ALD processes, and hollow CSTiO2, obtained after the polymer template removal, were studied

Precise local control of liquid crystal pretilt on polymer layers by focused ion beam nanopatterning

• Maxim V. Gorkunov,
• Irina V. Kasyanova,
• Vladimir V. Artemov,
• Alena V. Mamonova and
• Serguei P. Palto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1691–1697, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.164

• gradually increasing downwards. The pattern comprises 220 periods, each corresponding to 16 pixels of the digital template. The discretized duty factor variation divides the pattern into 16 approximately equal areas (shown by the 16 shades of grey), corresponding to the indicated rational values of r. The

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

• between amphiphilic triimide with three alkyl chains, a monolayer component, and 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (cyclen), a subphase template, was used to regulate the formation of hydrogen bonds between the imide functional groups as hydrogen-bond acceptors and the secondary amine moieties of cyclen as

Highly ordered mesoporous silica film nanocomposites containing gold nanoparticles for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol

• Mohamad Azani Jalani,
• Leny Yuliati,
• Siew Ling Lee and
• Hendrik O. Lintang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1368–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.135

• , good thermal stability, high uniformity, and controllable pore size [1]. These nanomaterials with a hexagonal structure were independently discovered using a layered silicate kanemite as a template to form folded sheet materials (FSM)-16 [14] and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a cationic

• by a calcination method at high temperature in the presence of air [1][14][15][16][17]. However, this process can also lead to structural damage due to the removal of organic components from the template at high temperature [18]. Since the high quality of mesoporous silica nanomaterials can increase

• the performance for the above-mentioned applications, it is crucial to find a method for template removal. As a host for metal nanoparticles, mesoporous matrixes have been extensively used for the controlled growth of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) [11][19]. For mesoporous silica, gold sources derived

Janus-micromotor-based on–off luminescence sensor for active TNT detection

• Ye Yuan,
• Changyong Gao,
• Daolin Wang,
• Chang Zhou,
• Baohua Zhu and
• Qiang He

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1324–1331, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.131

• catalytic Janus micromotors demonstrates the potential for water pollutant analysis. Results and Discussion The Janus UCNP-functionalized hollow polyelectrolyte capsule micromotors were prepared via a template-assisted method as schematically shown in Figure 1a. Briefly, eight bilayers of poly(allylamine

A highly efficient porous rod-like Ce-doped ZnO photocatalyst for the degradation of dye contaminants in water

• Binjing Hu,
• Qiang Sun,
• Chengyi Zuo,
• Yunxin Pei,
• Siwei Yang,
• Hui Zheng and
• Fangming Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1157–1165, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.115

• . [23]. Its merits not only lie in the many facile synthetic methods, but on the good thermal stability and microporous crystalline structure of the material [24]. Also, when treated as a template, ZIF-8 is likely to be converted into a stable and porous material with a large surface area and high

Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles

• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky,
• Pilar Aranda,
• Marwa Akkari,
• Nithima Khaorapapong and
• Makoto Ogawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1140–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.114

• reactivity can be modified [48][49]. TiO2 and ZnO NPs with different shapes, sizes and exposed crystal facets were assembled to yield hollow particles, fibers, nanosheets, nanowires, nanorods, nanoflowers and nanobelts through various synthesis routes including template synthesis [50][51][52][53

Porous N- and S-doped carbon–carbon composite electrodes by soft-templating for redox flow batteries

• Maike Schnucklake,
• László Eifert,
• Jonathan Schneider,
• Roswitha Zeis and
• Christina Roth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1131–1139, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.113

• functional group promotes the VO2+/VO2+ redox reaction the most [18]. The application of templates is a commonly used strategy to introduce porosity into carbon materials. Depending on the utilized template one can distinguish between a hard-templating and a soft-templating approach [19]. In both cases, the

• template acts as a structure-directing agent forming an inverse copy of the template morphology. Much higher surface areas can be achieved through this procedure, which offers many benefits in the later application, for instance increased adsorption due to more active sites leading to a better

• novel composite electrodes that were synthesized utilizing the soft-template method inspired by Martinez de Yuso et al. from 2017 [23]. With this method we are able to reduce the cost for the precursor materials significantly. We are able to use pyrrole-2-carboxyaldehyde, instead of ionic liquids, as

An iridescent film of porous anodic aluminum oxide with alternatingly electrodeposited Cu and SiO₂ nanoparticles

• Menglei Chang,
• Huawen Hu,
• Haiyan Quan,
• Hongyang Wei,
• Zhangyi Xiong,
• Jiacong Lu,
• Pin Luo,
• Yaoheng Liang,
• Jianzhen Ou and
• Dongchu Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 735–745, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.73

• simultaneous way, into a stable structure possessing a regular geometric appearance. In contrast, electrodeposition involves the nucleation at an electrode surface under the action of an electric field [25]. For example, a high-purity aluminum foil was directly used as a template, on which anodic aluminum

• angles led to a variation of the structural color from red to blue-purple, and the SiO2 particle size was also found to have an influence on the film color [14]. Furthermore, an AAO template was firstly prepared in an electrolyte with an alkaline silica gel and phosphate, onto which a layer of an Au film

Biomimetic synthesis of Ag-coated glasswing butterfly arrays as ultra-sensitive SERS substrates for efficient trace detection of pesticides

• Guochao Shi,
• Mingli Wang,
• Yanying Zhu,
• Yuhong Wang,
• Xiaoya Yan,
• Xin Sun,
• Haijun Xu and
• Wanli Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 578–588, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.59

• -effective and time-efficient to apply diatom frustules as a template for SERS-based investigations [22]. Meanwhile, natural wings of insects such as butterfly wing [23], cicada wing [24] and some special shells [25] are also known to comprise periodic and large-scale micro/nanostructures. Notably, a novel

• 3D biomimetic SERS substrate with a high density of “hot spots” was formed on a template of cicada wings via a simple one-step and reagent-free direct-current ion sputtering techniques by Prof. Han’s group [26]. These 3D plasmonic nanostructures are adopted because these 3D substrates offer a great

• nanofilms on the G.b. template, we also studied the electromagnetic field distribution in the vicinity of the Ag-G.b.-20 plasmonic nanostructures using the 3D finite-difference time-domain (3D-FDTD) method. Considering that Ag can be described by the Debye–Drude model, the Yee cell in our calculation was

A porous 3D-RGO@MWCNT hybrid material as Li–S battery cathode

• Yongguang Zhang,
• Jun Ren,
• Yan Zhao,
• Taizhe Tan,
• Fuxing Yin and
• Yichao Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 514–521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.52

• (3D-RGO), showing a reversible capacity of 790 mAh·g−1 (at 0.2C) after 200 cycles [26]. It has been reported that three-dimensional carbon nanotubes/graphene–sulfur (3DCGS) is an excellent cathode template, revealing a final capacity of 975 mAh·g−1 after 200 cycles [24]. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be

Polymorphic self-assembly of pyrazine-based tectons at the solution–solid interface

• Achintya Jana,
• Puneet Mishra and
• Neeladri Das

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 494–499, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.50

• -assemble on any given substrate. Some of the avenues explored to ensure immobilization of the desired molecules involve functionalization of the molecule by long alkyl chains acting as anchors [13] or utilization of a molecular template [14], but they have limitations such as difficulty in the synthesis of

Widening of the electroactivity potential range by composite formation – capacitive properties of TiO₂/BiVO₄/PEDOT:PSS electrodes in contact with an aqueous electrolyte

• Konrad Trzciński,
• Mariusz Szkoda,
• Andrzej P. Nowak,
• Marcin Łapiński and
• Anna Lisowska-Oleksiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 483–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.49

• electrodes for energy storage devices. TiO2 in the form of nanotubes is not only the template, but it also exhibits significant capacitive properties. Figure 2d shows the Ti/TiO2:H/BiVO4:H electrode after the PEDOT:PSS electrodeposition step. One may see the presence of structures originating from titania

Mechanism of silica–lysozyme composite formation unravelled by in situ fast SAXS

• Tomasz M. Stawski,
• Daniela B. van den Heuvel,
• Rogier Besselink,
• Dominique J. Tobler and
• Liane G. Benning

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 182–197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.17

• for Seff(q,ri) (Equation 17) is expressed as the sum between the structure function of an aggregate (“template”), Sagg(q), and the structure factor of the internal arrangement of the aggregate, Sint(q), which in our case becomes subsisted by SSHS(q) (Equations 5–14): where D is a fractal dimension

• structure factor function describing an arrangement of primary particles of a certain scattering length density (SLD), ρp, within an aggregate. The SLD of the space between the particles within the aggregate (the “template”) is ρt, while the SLD of the surrounding (“solvent”) is ρs. The average scattering

• contrast of the aggregate, Δρagg, is then: where ν is a local volume fraction of particles within the aggregate (as in Equation 5). We also define any contrast fluctuation within an aggregate as: If we write the structure function of an aggregate (“template”) as Sagg(q) and the internal arrangement within

Nanoporous water oxidation electrodes with a low loading of laser-deposited Ru/C exhibit enhanced corrosion stability

• Sandra Haschke,
• Dmitrii Pankin,
• Vladimir Mikhailovskii,
• Maïssa K. S. Barr,
• Adriana Both-Engel,
• Alina Manshina and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 157–167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.15

• investigations in order to secure the stability of the Al2O3 template, ITO and ruthenium (Figure 2). In cyclic voltammetry (Figure 9a), our nanotubular nt-Ru/C electrodes feature two broad oxidative peaks located around 0.0 V and +0.5 V vs the Ag/AgCl reference electrode. These peaks correspond to the oxidation

• 4 phosphate electrolyte prepared from 0.1 M KH2PO4. The stability of the Al2O3 template and ITO backside contact in pH 4 conditions was verified with SEM after 20 h in the electrolyte. All electrochemical measurements including cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and steady-state

• length L = 24 μm (c). EDX profile taken along the cross-section (d). Laser-irradiation of Ru3(CO)12 solutions results in thin ruthenium containing coatings along the whole length of Al2O3 pores. Raman spectra of a nanostructured template coated with Ru/C films, without ITO contact (a) and of the solid