Investigation of growth dynamics of carbon nanotubes

• Marianna V. Kharlamova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 826–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.85

• ] suggest that for the bulk CVD such as in the injection methods for growing SWCNTs that use temperatures in the order of 1000 °C [57][58], the catalyst is likely to be in the liquid state. However, in situ TEM observations on the growth of SWCNTs and MWCNTs by the catalytic thermal decomposition of

• thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons. In 1970–1980s, the growth of carbon filaments on metallic iron catalyst was actively studied by Buyanov and Chesnokov, and a carbide cycle mechanism of the growth was proposed [70][71][72][73][74][75]. According to this mechanism, a metastable carbide-like

3D Nanoprinting via laser-assisted electron beam induced deposition: growth kinetics, enhanced purity, and electrical resistivity

• Brett B. Lewis,
• Robert Winkler,
• Xiahan Sang,
• Pushpa R. Pudasaini,
• Michael G. Stanford,
• Harald Plank,
• Raymond R. Unocic,
• Jason D. Fowlkes and
• Philip D. Rack

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 801–812, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.83

• situation at elevated temperatures. MeCpPt(IV)Me3 was originally developed for use as a thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) precursor [75]; the thermal decomposition temperature on the order of 120 °C in the presence of H2 results in pure Pt films. Thus, with LAEBID we leverage the pulsed thermal energy

Formation and shape-control of hierarchical cobalt nanostructures using quaternary ammonium salts in aqueous media

• Ruchi Deshmukh,
• Anurag Mehra and
• Rochish Thaokar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 494–505, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.53

• or by thermal decomposition [18]. An alternative way to obtain complex hierarchical nanostructures is the controlled assembly of primary building blocks using electric and magnetic forces, capillary effects, and surface defects. Fascinating shapes such as, rice grain-like structures were formed by

Nitrogen-doped twisted graphene grown on copper by atmospheric pressure CVD from a decane precursor

• Ivan V. Komissarov,
• Nikolai G. Kovalchuk,
• Vladimir A. Labunov,
• Ksenia V. Girel,
• Olga V. Korolik,
• Mikhail S. Tivanov,
• Algirdas Lazauskas,
• Mindaugas Andrulevičius,
• Tomas Tamulevičius,
• Viktoras Grigaliūnas,
• Šarunas Meškinis,
• Sigitas Tamulevičius and
• Serghej L. Prischepa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 145–158, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.15

• from both fundamental and applied aspects. TG can be obtained by different methods, e.g., by means of graphene folding, graphene layer stacking, thermal decomposition of SiC [9] or chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on metal catalysts [10][11]. Generally speaking, CVD is one of the most common methods to

• during thermal decomposition. This could stimulate numerous chemical reaction pathways and promote doping. In fact, CVD makes it possible to dope graphene by nitrogen in situ, which not only tolerates the ground state of graphene via additional electrons but also introduces a strain to graphene because

• magnitude smaller than for a N2 dissociation process. For example, for the •CH + N2 = N + •CHN reaction this value was determined as 21.2 ± 0.7 kcal/mol [66]. Moreover, as it was proved by time-of-flight mass spectrometry experiments, various hydrocarbon radicals can be formed from n-decane just by thermal

From iron coordination compounds to metal oxide nanoparticles

• Mihail Iacob,
• Carmen Racles,
• Codrin Tugui,
• George Stiubianu,
• Adrian Bele,
• Liviu Sacarescu,
• Daniel Timpu and
• Maria Cazacu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2074–2087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.198

• employing either a classical thermal pathway (i.e., thermal decomposition in solution, solvothermal method, dry thermal decomposition/calcination) or using a nonconventional energy source (i.e., microwave or ultrasonic treatment) to convert precursors into iron oxides. The resulting materials were

• characteristics and morphology is an important task for scientists. Iron oxide nanoparticles can be obtained using chemical, physical or biological methods. Among the best known chemical methods are coprecipitation, thermal decomposition, hydrothermal method, solvothermal method and others [5][12][13]. An

• control of formed micro- or nanostructures [19]. Most studies in this area relate to the thermal decomposition of metal complexes with ligands such as acetylacetonates, acetates and oleates. Good results in terms of narrow size distribution of nanoparticles are correlated with nucleation and growth stages

Effect of nanostructured carbon coatings on the electrochemical performance of Li_1.4Ni_0.5Mn_0.5O_2+x-based cathode materials

• Konstantin A. Kurilenko,
• Oleg A. Shlyakhtin,
• Oleg A. Brylev,
• Dmitry I. Petukhov and
• Alexey V. Garshev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1960–1970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.187

• could be associated to the easier dehydration of linear PVA at 350 °C resulting in the formation of C=C bonds: –(CH2–CH(OH))n– → –(CH=CH)n– + nH2O compared to the complicated thermal decomposition of –(СН2–CH–O–CH–CH2)n– chains of cross-linked PVA. The electrochemical properties of as-obtained

Monolayer graphene/SiC Schottky barrier diodes with improved barrier height uniformity as a sensing platform for the detection of heavy metals

• Ivan Shtepliuk,
• Jens Eriksson,
• Volodymyr Khranovskyy,
• Tihomir Iakimov,
• Anita Lloyd Spetz and
• Rositsa Yakimova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1800–1814, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.173

• graphene on silicon carbide is fabricated by thermal decomposition of a Si-face 4H-SiC wafer in argon atmosphere. Current–voltage characteristics of the graphene/SiC Schottky junction were analyzed by applying the thermionic-emission theory. Extracted values of the Schottky barrier height and the ideality

• characteristics of the devices and their sensitivity. A simpler solution is to use Schottky diode sensors, which can be grown more easily, have no gate insulator and a high sensitivity in the reverse and forward diode regimes. During the last decade the thermal decomposition of silicon carbide (SiC) in argon

• junctions formed by thermal decomposition are characterized by the lowest values of the ideality factor and the smallest standard deviation of the mean value of the Schottky barrier height. This is primarily due to the fact that this growth technique promotes the formation of large scale homogeneous

Active and fast charge-state switching of single NV centres in diamond by in-plane Al-Schottky junctions

• Christoph Schreyvogel,
• Vladimir Polyakov,
• Sina Burk,
• Helmut Fedder,
• Andrej Denisenko,
• Felipe Fávaro de Oliveira,
• Ralf Wunderlich,
• Jan Meijer,
• Verena Zuerbig,
• Jörg Wrachtrup and
• Christoph E. Nebel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1727–1735, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.165

• the thermal decomposition of C–H bonds and the reaction between C–H bonds and H2O in the Al2O3 layer are endothermic processes. This passivation method for preserving the properties of the two-dimensional hole channel and thus of the two-dimensional Al-Schottky diode for active manipulation of single

Sb₂S₃ grown by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and its application in a hybrid solar cell

• Erki Kärber,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Ilona Oja Acik,
• Arvo Mere,
• Valdek Mikli and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1662–1673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.158

• ) form the Sb(tu)2Cl3 complex compound in methanol and undergo thermal decomposition slightly above 200 °C according to a TG-DTA study [69]. This is characteristic for different metal chloride–thiourea complexes such as In(tu)3Cl3 [25][70], Sn(tu)2Cl2 [28] and CuCl–tu complexes with different

Antitumor magnetic hyperthermia induced by RGD-functionalized Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, in an experimental model of colorectal liver metastases

• Oihane K. Arriortua,
• Eneko Garaio,
• Borja Herrero de la Parte,
• Maite Insausti,
• Luis Lezama,
• Fernando Plazaola,
• Jose Angel García,
• Jesús M. Aizpurua,
• Maialen Sagartzazu,
• Mireia Irazola,
• Nestor Etxebarria,
• Ignacio García-Alonso,
• Alberto Saiz-López and
• José Javier Echevarria-Uraga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1532–1542, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.147

• cells, being bound the RGD peptides by “click chemistry” due to its selectivity and applicability. The thermal decomposition of iron metallo-organic precursors yield homogeneous Fe3O4 nanoparticles that have been properly functionalized with RGD peptides, and the preparation of magnetic fluids has been

• an improvement in the selectivity of the reaction [31]. In this paper, a successive addition synthesis by a thermal decomposition method has been employed to obtain oleic acid and oleylamine-capped magnetite nanoparticles with defined sizes [32][33][34]. Nevertheless, these high quality, organic

• efficacy of other therapeutic approaches [36]. Results and Discussion The method of thermal decomposition by successive additions allowed the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles surrounded by oleic acid (Fe3O4@OA), which have been transferred to water by an amphiphilic ligand, becoming hydrosoluble

Multiwalled carbon nanotube hybrids as MRI contrast agents

• Nikodem Kuźnik and
• Mateusz M. Tomczyk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1086–1103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.102

• °C) allowed for the production of hybrids uniformly coated with metallic superparamagnets, yet an increased temperature was responsible for agglomeration of the nanoparticles on the nanotube walls. Yin, finally, presented a method of SPIO deposition by thermal decomposition of ferrocene under aerobic

• decomposition at 500 °C, initially in Ar/H2 and in the presence of air as an oxidant [43]. Yin also exploited the oxidative conditions of air by thermal decomposition of a solid MWCNT–ferrocene mixture [34], whereas Lamanna produced coated iron oxides by thermal decomposition of iron(II) stearate in the

• regarding the resulting properties that are crucial for applications as MRI CAs. Another issue is SPIO preparation. Liu and Wu introduced it via co-precipitation of Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions on MWCNT [32][38]. According to Wang’s work, iron(II) acetate is mixed with oMWCNT dispersion, subjected to thermal

Fabrication and properties of luminescence polymer composites with erbium/ytterbium oxides and gold nanoparticles

• Julia A. Burunkova,
• Ihor Yu. Denisiuk,
• Dmitri I. Zhuk,
• Lajos Daroczi,
• Attila Csik,
• István Csarnovics and
• Sándor Kokenyesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 630–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.55

• macroscopic elements. At the same time one of the main disadvantages of nanocomposites is the high level of light scattering, which can be caused by agglomeration of nanoparticles. So the development of low-scattering, transparent nanocomposites is an important challenge nowadays. The method of thermal

• decomposition of rare earth salts is usually used for the fabrication of luminescent rare earth oxide (REO) nanoparticles [3]. Unfortunately, the agglomeration of nanoparticles during high temperature annealing (above 900 °C) causes a high level of light scattering in the nanocomposite made from these materials

Green and energy-efficient methods for the production of metallic nanoparticles

• Mitra Naghdi,
• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• M. Verma,
• R. Y. Surampalli and
• J. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2354–2376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.243

• solvent and stabilizer for producing Fe3O4 NPs by thermal decomposition of iron acetylacetonate (Fe(acac)3), which is a non-toxic precursor. They found that by changing reaction time and concentrations of precursor and surfactants, one can control the shape and size of Fe3O4 NPs. According to them, the

Surfactant-controlled composition and crystal structure of manganese(II) sulfide nanocrystals prepared by solvothermal synthesis

• Elena Capetti,
• Anna M. Ferretti,
• Vladimiro Dal Santo and
• Alessandro Ponti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2319–2329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.238

• the crystal structure of MnS NCs In this subsection, we report on the synthetic outcome of the thermal decomposition of manganese(II) distearate (MnSt2) carried out with the S/L/Mn molar ratio fixed at 2:4:1. The long chain surfactant, L, was selected from a set including carboxylic acid, amine

• synthesized by the thermal decomposition of MnSt2 with S/Mn = 2 and L/Mn = 4. Properties of NCs synthesized by the thermal decomposition of Mn2(CO)10 with S/Mn = 2 and L/Mn = 4. Properties of NCs synthesized by the thermal decomposition of Mn2(CO)10 with S/Mn = 2 and using both amine and carboxylic acid as a

Silica-coated upconversion lanthanide nanoparticles: The effect of crystal design on morphology, structure and optical properties

• Uliana Kostiv,
• Miroslav Šlouf,
• Hana Macková,
• Alexander Zhigunov,
• Hana Engstová,
• Katarína Smolková,
• Petr Ježek and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2290–2299, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.235

• the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic 10.3762/bjnano.6.235 Abstract NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ nanoparticles were synthesized by thermal decomposition of lanthanide trifluoroacetates using oleylamine (OM) as both solvent and surface binding ligand. The effect of reaction temperature

• particles. The most widely used of these, wet-chemical methods, involve thermal decomposition of rare earth organic acid precursors, typically metal trifluoroacetates, acetylacetonates, oleates or acetates, in non-aqueous media in the presence of surfactants and at high temperatures [19]. In addition to

• +/Er3+ and successful surface modification. Conclusion OM–NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ nanoparticles were synthesized by conventional thermal decomposition of lanthanide trifluoroacetates in OM. Particle morphology was controlled by the careful selection of reaction temperature and time, as evidenced by TEM. XRD and

A single-source precursor route to anisotropic halogen-doped zinc oxide particles as a promising candidate for new transparent conducting oxide materials

• Daniela Lehr,
• Markus R. Wagner,
• Johanna Flock,
• Julian S. Reparaz,
• Clivia M. Sotomayor Torres,
• Alexander Klaiber,
• Thomas Dekorsy and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2161–2172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.222

• prepare the materials at lower temperatures to make sure that Cl remains as a dopant in the ZnO host. Therefore, Cl@ZnO was synthesized via thermal decomposition of 2c for 10 h at lower temperature (350 °C) under N2/O2 atmosphere. The presence of Cl in the obtained material could be investigated by

• , Supporting Information File 1). ZnO1−xIx prepared at 200 °C exhibits an iodine content of 8.8%, the sample prepared at 350 °C only of 0.5%. Probably the precursor reacts with volatile compounds such as iodine alkyls or elemental iodine. ZnO1−xBrx can be prepared analogously via thermal decomposition of

• )2Zn4(Ot-Bu)4]+ (m/z = 710.9). (a) TGA traces (black) and its first derivative (grey) of the thermal decomposition of the molecular precursor compound [Cl(Et)3Zn4(OiPr)4] in nitrogen atmosphere (squares) and artificial air (circles), heating rate: 5 K/min. The dashed grey line indicates the remaining

The role of low-energy electrons in focused electron beam induced deposition: four case studies of representative precursors

• Rachel M. Thorman,
• Ragesh Kumar T. P.,
• D. Howard Fairbrother and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1904–1926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.194

• ]. Cobalt tricarbonyl nitrosyl has a normal boiling point of 78.6 °C, a vapor pressure of 91 Torr at 20 °C [79], and a thermal decomposition temperature of about 130–140 °C measured on SiO2 [80]. It is also commercially available and relatively nontoxic. Furthermore, the commonly used Co precursor Co2(CO)8

Thermal energy storage – overview and specific insight into nitrate salts for sensible and latent heat storage

• Nicole Pfleger,
• Thomas Bauer,
• Claudia Martin,
• Markus Eck and
• Antje Wörner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1487–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.154

• consumption. This review focuses mainly on material aspects of alkali nitrate salts. They include thermal properties, thermal decomposition processes as well as a new method to develop optimized salt systems. Keywords: eutectic mixture; molten salt; nitrate; phase change material; thermal decomposition

• at ambient temperature. Physico-chemical properties: thermal decomposition The thermal decomposition of nitrate salts is a complex process which is dependent on the conditions, such as the cation composition, atmosphere, temperature and pressure. The cations have a significant effect on the thermal

• materials for direct thermal energy storage for CSP applications. With regard to the thermal decomposition, the investigation is complex. Many factors influence decomposition reactions, such as the type of the salt, the temperature and the gas phase composition. There is still a need to examine thermal

Thermal treatment of magnetite nanoparticles

• Beata Kalska-Szostko,
• Urszula Wykowska,
• Dariusz Satula and
• Per Nordblad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1385–1396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.143

• , where thermal decomposition of iron(III) acetylacetone salts in a phenyl ether solution was provided. This reaction was prepared using the following conditions: −230 °C, oxygen-free environment, and Ar flow. The main points of the described synthesis were first proposed by Sun et al. and further details

• stability for both types of particle cores can be connected with a difference in the morphology of individual particles. Precipitation from chlorides (MNP-1) leads to the formation of a well-defined monocrystalline structure [28], while thermal decomposition of Fe(acac)3 (MNP-2 and MNP-3) causes the growth

Addition of Zn during the phosphine-based synthesis of indium phospide quantum dots: doping and surface passivation

• Natalia E. Mordvinova,
• Alexander A. Vinokurov,
• Oleg I. Lebedev,
• Tatiana A. Kuznetsova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1237–1246, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.127

• thermal decomposition of sililphosphides [11]. This is a quite complicated method because of the reactivity and inflammability of such substances. Recently, we developed the simplest way to date to produce such material by using phosphine (PH3) as a source of phosphorus [6] and indium carboxilates as a

Transformation of hydrogen titanate nanoribbons to TiO₂ nanoribbons and the influence of the transformation strategies on the photocatalytic performance

• Melita Rutar,
• Nejc Rozman,
• Matej Pregelj,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Romana Cerc Korošec,
• Andrijana Sever Škapin,
• Aleš Mrzel,
• Srečo D. Škapin and
• Polona Umek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 831–844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.86

• trapped elemental nitrogen at the surface (Figure 7B) which is formed by thermal decomposition of NH3(g) to N2(g) and H2(g) at temperatures above 550 °C [36]. In the samples calcined at 580 °C and 650 °C 20 and 10 wt %, respectively, of the overall nitrogen is in the form of N2. In TN-400 no N2 was

Microwave assisted synthesis and characterisation of a zinc oxide/tobacco mosaic virus hybrid material. An active hybrid semiconductor in a field-effect transistor device

• Shawn Sanctis,
• Rudolf C. Hoffmann,
• Sabine Eiben and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 785–791, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.81

• decomposition of the precursor complex (see Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2). The products observed in the microwave initiated decomposition of the oximato complex is in full accordance with a second-order type Beckmann rearrangement reaction as observed for its solution based thermal decomposition

Electroburning of few-layer graphene flakes, epitaxial graphene, and turbostratic graphene discs in air and under vacuum

• Andrea Candini,
• Nils Richter,
• Domenica Convertino,
• Camilla Coletti,
• Franck Balestro,
• Wolfgang Wernsdorfer,
• Mathias Kläui and
• Marco Affronte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 711–719, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.72

• annealing in vacuum with respect to air [27]. We will return to this point in the Discussion section. Epitaxial graphene on the C-face of SiC The EB procedure has been repeated also on two-terminal junctions made of graphene epitaxially grown on the C-face of SiC through thermal decomposition in an argon

• , graphene was obtained in the same reactor through thermal decomposition of SiC [30] under an argon atmosphere, heating at 1420 °C for 90 min. Attenuation of the SiC signal in Raman spectroscopy was used to estimate the number of grown layers, which were found to be about ten. Also, combined Raman and

Silica micro/nanospheres for theranostics: from bimodal MRI and fluorescent imaging probes to cancer therapy

• Shanka Walia and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 546–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.57

• –CdTeS NPs for biomedical applications. Oleic-acid-stabilized Fe3O4 NPs were synthesized through a thermal decomposition method. CdTe QDs activated with mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), were prepared through a hydrothermal process. Further, the freshly prepared Fe3O4 NPs were coated with silica by using

• former nanocomposites. Likewise, Ruhland et al. [42] reported the synthesis of size-controlled magnetic and fluorescent core–shell hybrid NPs coated with a protective silica sheath through a thermal decomposition process. The synthesis involved the incorporation of Fe2O3 and CdSe/ZnS NPs into silica that

Filling of carbon nanotubes and nanofibres

• Reece D. Gately and
• Marc in het Panhuis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 508–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.53

• surface or alters their morphology in undesired ways (e.g., reduction in length). Due to this challenge, much research has been focussed on producing CNTs that are open at both ends. This has been achieved by using an anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) film as a template for the thermal decomposition of