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Search for "titanium" in Full Text gives 285 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Atomic layer deposition for efficient oxygen evolution reaction at Pt/Ir catalyst layers

  • Stefanie Schlicht,
  • Korcan Percin,
  • Stefanie Kriescher,
  • André Hofer,
  • Claudia Weidlich,
  • Matthias Wessling and
  • Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 952–959, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.79

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  • different types are not possible. The goal of the present paper is to provide such a direct comparison between two very distinct preparation methods of bimetallic Pt/Ir electrocatalysts. For both catalyst types, we will consider one electrode substrate (titanium felt) [15], one electrolyte (0.5 M H2SO4 at
  • consider here two distinct catalyst preparation methods. As a standard method used in the engineering context, we perform an acid etch of the titanium fibers (to generate surface roughness and thereby increase the specific surface area), followed by dip-coating of a noble metal salt precursor solution on
  • . Finally, the samples were calcinated at 450 °C to generate the metallic catalyst. Figure 1 presents the SEM and EDX characterization of the titanium felts obtained by this method. Figure 1a presents the untreated felt, the titanium fibers of which are clearly visible. Figure 1b shows the felt after acid
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Published 22 Jun 2020

Adsorption behavior of tin phthalocyanine onto the (110) face of rutile TiO2

  • Lukasz Bodek,
  • Mads Engelund,
  • Aleksandra Cebrat and
  • Bartosz Such

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 821–828, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.67

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  • tunneling microscopy (STM); tin phthalocyanine (SnPc); titanium dioxide (TiO2); Introduction Phthalocyanines (Pcs) are aromatic molecules that can form metal complexes with a variety of elements, which can be used to tune molecular properties, such as position or shape of adsorption bands. Therefore, Pcs
  • stability. Since metal oxides are commonly used as support for the growth of molecular layers in many technological solutions, it is not surprising that Pcs on titanium dioxide faces have been widely studied. Most studies of phthalocyanine adsorption on rutile (110) and (011) faces consider flat Pcs (CoPc
  • [6], CuPc [7][8][9][10], ZnPc [11], FePc [12] and H2Pc [13]), while their nonplanar counterparts such as SnPc have been rarely probed [14]. Spectroscopy studies or density functional theory (DFT) calculations of molecular species adsorbed onto titanium dioxide can be an arduous task, especially for
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Published 26 May 2020

Effect of Ag loading position on the photocatalytic performance of TiO2 nanocolumn arrays

  • Jinghan Xu,
  • Yanqi Liu and
  • Yan Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 717–728, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.59

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  • Since 1972, when Shimada and Honda discovered the photocatalysis of titanium dioxide (TiO2) under ultraviolet light, research in this field has continued to grow [1]. Recently, TiO2 has been utilized in the fields of photocatalytic water decomposition [2], photocatalytic organic degradation [3], and
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Published 05 May 2020

A novel dry-blending method to reduce the coefficient of thermal expansion of polymer templates for OTFT electrodes

  • Xiangdong Ye,
  • Bo Tian,
  • Yuxuan Guo,
  • Fan Fan and
  • Anjiang Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 671–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.53

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  • . González-Benito et al. [11] used high-energy ball cryomilling to uniformly disperse 5 wt % of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles with a size of 65 nm within poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) to subsequently obtain a film of the composite with lower CTE by hot pressing. Ren et al. [12] first prepared
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Published 20 Apr 2020

Atomic-resolution imaging of rutile TiO2(110)-(1 × 2) reconstructed surface by non-contact atomic force microscopy

  • Daiki Katsube,
  • Shoki Ojima,
  • Eiichi Inami and
  • Masayuki Abe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 443–449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.35

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  • force microscopy; (1 × 2) reconstruction; rutile; surface structure; titanium dioxide (TiO2); Introduction Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a well-known photocatalyst and has been studied for applications in water splitting and the coating of materials [1]. To optimize the photocatalytic function, it is
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Published 10 Mar 2020

High-performance asymmetric supercapacitor made of NiMoO4 nanorods@Co3O4 on a cellulose-based carbon aerogel

  • Meixia Wang,
  • Jing Zhang,
  • Xibin Yi,
  • Benxue Liu,
  • Xinfu Zhao and
  • Xiaochan Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 240–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.18

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  • but also provide 3D pathways for fast electrolyte ion diffusion and electron transport. To date, Ni foam [27], copper grid [28] and titanium mesh [29] have been mostly selected as collectors, whereas the high cost of these materials limited their practical application. Carbon aerogel (CA) has been
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Published 21 Jan 2020

Fabrication of Ag-modified hollow titania spheres via controlled silver diffusion in Ag–TiO2 core–shell nanostructures

  • Bartosz Bartosewicz,
  • Malwina Liszewska,
  • Bogusław Budner,
  • Marta Michalska-Domańska,
  • Krzysztof Kopczyński and
  • Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 141–146, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.12

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  • fabrication step. The synthesized nanostructures exhibit a broadband optical absorption in the UV–vis range. Keywords: core–shell nanostructures; hollow spheres; silver diffusion; silver-modified titanium dioxide; titania; Findings In recent years, nanometer- to micrometer-sized inorganic hollow spheres
  • third peak with a maximum between 358.66 and 358.78 eV and a half width of 1.36–1.40 eV was assigned to a silver alloy with titanium. Its location cannot be linked to any oxidation state of silver. Such a shift of the Ag 3d5/2 peak can only come from alloys of silver with metals of lower
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Published 10 Jan 2020

Synthesis of amorphous and graphitized porous nitrogen-doped carbon spheres as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

  • Maximilian Wassner,
  • Markus Eckardt,
  • Andreas Reyer,
  • Thomas Diemant,
  • Michael S. Elsaesser,
  • R. Jürgen Behm and
  • Nicola Hüsing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1–15, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.1

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  • beneficial or disadvantageous. The degree of graphitization can be increased, e.g., by higher reaction temperatures or catalytic graphitization [31][32][33]. Previously, we had reported on core–shell titanium (oxy)nitride and tantalum (oxy)nitride@N-doped carbon composite spheres, which were based on a
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Published 02 Jan 2020

Mobility of charge carriers in self-assembled monolayers

  • Zhihua Fu,
  • Tatjana Ladnorg,
  • Hartmut Gliemann,
  • Alexander Welle,
  • Asif Bashir,
  • Michael Rohwerder,
  • Qiang Zhang,
  • Björn Schüpbach,
  • Andreas Terfort and
  • Christof Wöll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2449–2458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.235

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  • characterized immediately after the SAM preparation. For the Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) measurements, gold-coated silicon wafer substrates were used. Gold films of 100 nm thickness were evaporated thermally at 453 K under high-vacuum conditions (≈10−7 mbar) with 5 nm titanium as the
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Published 11 Dec 2019

Semitransparent Sb2S3 thin film solar cells by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis for use in solar windows

  • Jako S. Eensalu,
  • Atanas Katerski,
  • Erki Kärber,
  • Lothar Weinhardt,
  • Monika Blum,
  • Clemens Heske,
  • Wanli Yang,
  • Ilona Oja Acik and
  • Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.230

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  • , compact TiO2 layer was grown on glass/ITO by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis in air from 0.1 M titanium tetraisopropoxide (98% v/v) and 0.4 M acetylacetone (99% v/v) dissolved in ethanol (96.6% v/v) according to a previously published procedure [28][46][70]. After deposition, the glass/ITO/TiO2 stack was
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Published 06 Dec 2019

Deterministic placement of ultra-bright near-infrared color centers in arrays of silicon carbide micropillars

  • Stefania Castelletto,
  • Abdul Salam Al Atem,
  • Faraz Ahmed Inam,
  • Hans Jürgen von Bardeleben,
  • Sophie Hameau,
  • Ahmed Fahad Almutairi,
  • Gérard Guillot,
  • Shin-ichiro Sato,
  • Alberto Boretti and
  • Jean Marie Bluet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2383–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.229

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  • ). After that 5 nm titanium and 100 nm nickel were deposited as a metallic hard mask. After that, the samples were etched by ICP-RIE to produced arrays of micropillars. The samples were then irradiated at room temperature with 300 keV H+ at different fluences (1016 cm−2 and 1013 cm−2) to create point
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Published 05 Dec 2019

Integration of sharp silicon nitride tips into high-speed SU8 cantilevers in a batch fabrication process

  • Nahid Hosseini,
  • Matthias Neuenschwander,
  • Oliver Peric,
  • Santiago H. Andany,
  • Jonathan D. Adams and
  • Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2357–2363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.226

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  • separate the SU8 cantilevers from the wafer. The silicon oxide layer on the tips is then stripped using buffered hydrofluoric acid. The process is completed by titanium–gold (5–20 nm) sputtering on the chip-body side of the cantilevers. This layer serves as the reflective metal coating required for the
  • sharpness, 20 randomly chosen LSNT-tip SU8 cantilevers have been tested with a polycrystalline titanium roughness sample. The images were taken using a NanoScope-V controller and a Multi-Mode-V AFM with a J scanner (Bruker) in tapping mode. The imaging conditions were as follows: scan size 2 µm, number of
  • with one of the LSNT-tip SU8 cantilevers. To evaluate the tip sharpness, the blind tip estimation algorithm [33] as implemented in the Gwyddion program [34][35] has been used. The blind tip estimation algorithm is used to estimate the sharpness of the tip from the image of a polycrystalline titanium
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Published 29 Nov 2019

Improved adsorption and degradation performance by S-doping of (001)-TiO2

  • Xiao-Yu Sun,
  • Xian Zhang,
  • Xiao Sun,
  • Ni-Xian Qian,
  • Min Wang and
  • Yong-Qing Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2116–2127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.206

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  • increase in the amount of •OH and •O2− radicals. Keywords: anatase; chemical state; degradation; photocatalytic properties; S-doping; thermal chemical vapor deposition; titanium dioxide (TiO2); Introduction Anatase TiO2 with a tetragonal symmetry has widely been used for the degradation of organic
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Published 01 Nov 2019

Microbubbles decorated with dendronized magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical imaging: effective stabilization via fluorous interactions

  • Da Shi,
  • Justine Wallyn,
  • Dinh-Vu Nguyen,
  • Francis Perton,
  • Delphine Felder-Flesch,
  • Sylvie Bégin-Colin,
  • Mounir Maaloum and
  • Marie Pierre Krafft

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2103–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.205

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  • tensiometric measurement. The sonicator (Vibracell, Bioblock Scientific, Illkirch, France) was equipped with a 3 mm titanium probe and operated at 20 kHz with an output power of ≈600 W (duty cycle 40%). Preparation of the microbubbles DPPC (50 mmol L−1) and Pluronic F-68 (DPPC/F-68 molar ratio 10:1) were
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Published 31 Oct 2019

Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

  • Muhammad A. Zaheer,
  • David Poppitz,
  • Khavar Feyzullayeva,
  • Marianne Wenzel,
  • Jörg Matysik,
  • Radomir Ljupkovic,
  • Aleksandra Zarubica,
  • Alexander A. Karavaev,
  • Andreas Pöppl,
  • Roger Gläser and
  • Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

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  • -synthetic treatment to titanosilicates can change the state of titanium atoms from Ti(IV) to catalytically active Ti(III) [50]. Such a reduction to paramagnetic Ti in ETS-10 titanosilicates can occur as a result of high-temperature treatment under vacuum [51], treatment with H2 or CO at moderate to high
  • (hierarchical) titanium silicalite-1. Despite the mesopores present in the treated sample, the conversion of methyl oleate decreased by ≈50%, which has been attributed to the decreased hydrophobicity after treatment. To address this effect directly, further studies including the measurement of water sorption
  • of ETS-10, sodium silicate (Na2SiO3, 34.5–36.0 wt % SiO2, 17–19 wt % Na2O, donated by PQ corporation), titanium isopropoxide (TIP, 97 wt %, Sigma-Aldrich), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 35–37 wt %, VWR Chemicals), sodium chloride (high-purity grade, VWR Chemicals), and potassium fluoride (KF, ≥99 wt
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Published 28 Oct 2019

Oblique angle deposition of nickel thin films by high-power impulse magnetron sputtering

  • Hamidreza Hajihoseini,
  • Movaffaq Kateb,
  • Snorri Þorgeir Ingvarsson and
  • Jon Tomas Gudmundsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1914–1921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.186

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  • strength (at racetrack) using vanadium [30] and titanium [31] targets, respectively. Thus, utilizing HiPIMS for the deposition of ferromagnetic material can be very beneficial. Oblique deposition, sometimes referred to as glancing angle deposition (GLAD), is known as a PVD technique that leads to a film
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Published 20 Sep 2019

TiO2/GO-coated functional separator to suppress polysulfide migration in lithium–sulfur batteries

  • Ning Liu,
  • Lu Wang,
  • Taizhe Tan,
  • Yan Zhao and
  • Yongguang Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1726–1736, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.168

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  • structure with wrinkles and folds, which is in line with previous works [39]. The EDS elemental mapping of titanium, oxygen and carbon provide additional evidence to further show the GO uniform distribution on the TiO2 particle, as shown in Figure 3i–k. Moreover, based on the Raman and TEM results, the TiO2
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Published 19 Aug 2019

Novel hollow titanium dioxide nanospheres with antimicrobial activity against resistant bacteria

  • Carol López de Dicastillo,
  • Cristian Patiño,
  • María José Galotto,
  • Yesseny Vásquez-Martínez,
  • Claudia Torrent,
  • Daniela Alburquenque,
  • Alejandro Pereira and
  • Juan Escrig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1716–1725, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.167

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  • this work, novel, hollow, calcined titanium dioxide nanospheres (CSTiO2) were successfully synthesized for the first time through the combination of electrospinning and atomic layer deposition techniques. Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) electrosprayed spherical particles were double-coated with alumina
  • and titanium dioxide, and after a calcination process, hollow nanospheres were obtained with a radius of approximately 345 nm and shell thickness of 17 nm. The structural characterization was performed using electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction and small-angle X-ray diffraction evidenced an
  • anatase titanium dioxide crystalline structure. Thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy studies demonstrated the absence of polymer residue after the calcination process. The antimicrobial properties of the developed CSTiO2 hollow nanospheres were evaluated against different
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Published 19 Aug 2019

Upcycling of polyurethane waste by mechanochemistry: synthesis of N-doped porous carbon materials for supercapacitor applications

  • Christina Schneidermann,
  • Pascal Otto,
  • Desirée Leistenschneider,
  • Sven Grätz,
  • Claudia Eßbach and
  • Lars Borchardt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1618–1627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.157

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  • electrochemical testing, a specially manufactured polyether ether ketone (PEEK) cell with spring-loaded titanium pistons was used as symmetrical full cell, as described in detail elsewhere [75]. Electrode discs with a thickness of 100–200 µm and a diameter of 10 mm were punched out of the free-standing film
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Published 06 Aug 2019

Kelvin probe force microscopy work function characterization of transition metal oxide crystals under ongoing reduction and oxidation

  • Dominik Wrana,
  • Karol Cieślik,
  • Wojciech Belza,
  • Christian Rodenbücher,
  • Krzysztof Szot and
  • Franciszek Krok

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.155

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  • characterization of the work function using the example of artificially formed crystalline titanium monoxide (TiO) nanowires on strontium titanate (SrTiO3) surfaces, providing a sharp atomic interface. The measured value of 3.31(21) eV is the first experimental work function evidence for a cubic TiO phase, where
  • also in various heterostructures, with exotic electronic states, e.g., a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) on the interface with LaAlO3 [16][17]. On the other side of the transition metal oxides spectrum lies titanium monoxide, TiO, in which the titanium atoms adopt the valence state 2+, contributing
  • superconductor with a superconductivity transition temperature (Tc) of 5.5 K, which is higher than previously reported results [22]. As a result of its electronic structure, titanium monoxide nanoparticles find further application in heterogeneous catalysis, e.g., for the hydrogenation of styrene [1]. Here we
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Published 02 Aug 2019

BiOCl/TiO2/diatomite composites with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B

  • Minlin Ao,
  • Kun Liu,
  • Xuekun Tang,
  • Zishun Li,
  • Qian Peng and
  • Jing Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1412–1422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.139

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  • a carrier to support a layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) nanosheets. The results show that TiO2 nanoparticles and BiOCl nanosheets uniformly cover the surface of diatomite and bring TiO2 and BiOCl into close proximity. Rhodamine B was used as the target
  • [10]. As one of the most promising photocatalysts, in terms of its chemical stability, non-toxicity, photo-corrosion resistance in aqueous media and advanced oxidation properties, titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been widely studied [11][12] and employed for water splitting [13], energy storage [14], and
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Published 16 Jul 2019

Imaging the surface potential at the steps on the rutile TiO2(110) surface by Kelvin probe force microscopy

  • Masato Miyazaki,
  • Huan Fei Wen,
  • Quanzhen Zhang,
  • Yuuki Adachi,
  • Jan Brndiar,
  • Ivan Štich,
  • Yan Jun Li and
  • Yasuhiro Sugawara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1228–1236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.122

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  • steps in the catalytic reaction. Keywords: catalyst; Kelvin probe force microscopy; Smoluchowski effect; step; titanium dioxide; Introduction Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has attracted considerable interest for its promising applications as a photocatalyst and as catalyst support, as well as in gas sensors
  • oxygen atoms and titanium-terminated steps with in-plane oxygen atoms exposed at the steps. The steps are considered to have two types of structures: bulk-terminated steps and reconstructed steps with one additional TiO2 unit. The steps are metastable and rarely observed in common sample
  • Smoluchowski-like dipole (Figure 4). On the other hand, for both and , since Ov sites exist at the step edges and the positively charged titanium atom is exposed at the steps, the local atomic dipole that is formed points upward in the same direction as the Smoluchowski-like dipole. Moreover, the oxygen atom
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Published 13 Jun 2019

Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles

  • Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky,
  • Pilar Aranda,
  • Marwa Akkari,
  • Nithima Khaorapapong and
  • Makoto Ogawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1140–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.114

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  • of functional nanoarchitectures. Within this scope, clays can be of special relevance in the production of photoactive materials as they offer an advantageous way for the stabilization and immobilization of diverse metal-oxide nanoparticles. The controlled assembly under mild conditions of titanium
  • ; nanoarchitectures; photocatalysts; titanium dioxide; zinc dioxide; Review Introduction: immobilization of nanoscale TiO2 and ZnO on clay minerals Nanoarchitectonics is a term coined by Japan's National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), which refers to the nanoscale design of complex materials through a deep
  • the “Web of Science” (WoS) [21] around 10,000 papers have been published in the last decade in connection with the topic of TiO2 NPs used as photocatalysts, indicating the high interest in the use of these materials for this type of applications. In fact, titanium dioxide (anatase phase) can be
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Published 31 May 2019

Tailoring the stability/aggregation of one-dimensional TiO2(B)/titanate nanowires using surfactants

  • Atiđa Selmani,
  • Johannes Lützenkirchen,
  • Kristina Kučanda,
  • Dario Dabić,
  • Engelbert Redel,
  • Ida Delač Marion,
  • Damir Kralj,
  • Darija Domazet Jurašin and
  • Maja Dutour Sikirić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1024–1037, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.103

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  • . Keywords: 1D nanomaterials; cationic surfactants; stability; surface complexation model; titanate nanowires; Introduction Among the extensive variety of metal oxide nanomaterials, titanium dioxide nanomaterials (TNMs) (e.g., anatase, rutile, TiO2(B) and titanate) have attracted considerable attention
  • other titanium oxide nanostructures [14][16]. It has been previously shown that various types of surface coatings affect NM properties, and in particular, can improve their stability and biocompatibility [13][17][18][19]. Although much is known about the aggregation of spherical TNMs in different media
  • and in the presence of different additives [12][20][21][22], much less is known about 1D TNMs, such as titanium oxide nanotubes (TNTs), titanium oxide nanowires (TNWs) and titanium oxide nanorods (TNRs). As shown previously, the morphology of TNMs is expected to play a significant role in their
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Published 13 May 2019

Rapid, ultraviolet-induced, reversibly switchable wettability of superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic surfaces

  • Yunlu Pan,
  • Wenting Kong,
  • Bharat Bhushan and
  • Xuezeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 866–873, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.87

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  • chemicals Titanium dioxide (TiO2, rutile) with a diameter of ≈25 nm and aluminium dioxide (Al2O3) with a diameter of ≈30 nm were acquired from Shanghai Aladdin Bio-Chem Technology Corporation (Shanghai, China). 1H,1H,2H,2H-Perfluorooctyl(trimethoxy)silane (PFOS) was obtained from Shanghai Macklin
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Published 15 Apr 2019
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