Molecular dynamics modeling of the influence forming process parameters on the structure and morphology of a superconducting spin valve

• Alexander Vakhrushev,
• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Vladimir Boian,
• Roman Morari and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1776–1788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.160

• whole. The results presented in this work can be used as a tool to support future experimental investigations and for adjusting and optimizing technological processes related to the production of multilayer nanosystems and devices for spintronics. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of a

PEG/PEI-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes as delivery carriers for doxorubicin: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation

• Shuoye Yang,
• Zhenwei Wang,
• Yahong Ping,
• Yuying Miao,
• Yongmei Xiao,
• Lingbo Qu,
• Lu Zhang,
• Yuansen Hu and
• Jinshui Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1728–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.155

• transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEM-200CX). To determine particle size and zeta potential, a sample of 200 μL (with a concentration of 50 μg·mL−1) was dispersed in deionized water to a final volume of 3 mL. Particle size and zeta potential were measured using laser particle analysis (Malvern Zetasizer

Cardiomyocyte uptake mechanism of a hydroxyapatite nanoparticle mediated gene delivery system

• Hiroaki Komuro,
• Masahiro Yamazoe,
• Kosuke Nozaki,
• Akiko Nagai and
• Tetsuo Sasano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1685–1692, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.150

• HAp nanoparticles were prepared using the water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion method. The characterization of the prepared HAp nanoparticles was carried out using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). TEM provided insight into the

Amorphized length and variability in phase-change memory line cells

• Nafisa Noor,
• Sadid Muneer,
• Raihan Sayeed Khan,
• Anna Gorbenko and
• Helena Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1644–1654, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.147

• essential physical parameter that contributes to the programming variability is the random location and dimensions of different phases formed in the cell. The amorphous and crystalline regions in PCM devices can be distinguished by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging [8]. However, this is a

Oxidation of Au/Ag films by oxygen plasma: phase separation and generation of nanoporosity

• Abdel-Aziz El Mel,
• Said A. Mansour,
• Mujaheed Pasha,
• Atef Zekri,
• Janarthanan Ponraj,
• Akshath Shetty and
• Yousef Haik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1608–1614, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.143

• formation of unique features, consisting of silver oxide nanoporous microspheres (Figure 1). Our observation was supported by various characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). We conducted our

High-responsivity hybrid α-Ag₂S/Si photodetector prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid

• Raid A. Ismail,
• Hanan A. Rawdhan and
• Duha S. Ahmed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.142

• ) mixed with cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as surfactant. The effect of the CTAB surfactant on the structural, morphological, optical, and elemental composition of Ag2S NPs was evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy

• , Shimadzu) was employed to estimate the chemical composition of the Ag2S NPs. The morphology and size of the nanocrystals were examined via transmission electron microscopy (TEM; EM208, Philips). Raman spectroscopy was performed on colloidal Ag2S and thiourea solution using a Raman spectrometer (Bruker

Transient coating of γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles with glutamate for its delivery to and removal from brain nerve terminals

• Konstantin Paliienko,
• Artem Pastukhov,
• Michal Babič,
• Daniel Horák,
• Olga Vasylchenko and
• Tatiana Borisova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1381–1393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.122

• investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM; JEOL JEM 200 CX). The number-average diameter (Dn) was calculated by the measurement of at least 800 particles from different microphotographs of the same sample using the IMAGEJ program. Dn = ΣNiDi/ΣNi, where Ni is the number of particles with the

Analysis of catalyst surface wetting: the early stage of epitaxial germanium nanowire growth

• Owen C. Ernst,
• Felix Lange,
• David Uebel,
• Thomas Teubner and
• Torsten Boeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1371–1380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.121

• electron microscopy (TEM) images of gold particles formed on a silicon substrate at room temperature. Small gold clusters (<10 nm) are also seen between the droplets. Growth of germanium nanowires Figure 4 shows images of the resulting gold droplets on various substrates and the results after deposition of

• the results for gold droplet formation on Si(111). A decrease in droplet number and an increase in droplet diameter with increasing temperature can be visualized. The droplet diameter distribution is described by a LSW distribution. Figure 3 shows scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission

Structure and electrochemical performance of electrospun-ordered porous carbon/graphene composite nanofibers

• Yi Wang,
• Yanhua Song,
• Chengwei Ye and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1280–1290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.112

• electron microscopy (SEM) under a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) (Hitachi, S4800, Japan). The structural characteristics of the CNFs were observed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (FEI, Tecnai G20, Japan). The diameter values of the CNFs were measured using ImageJ software

Magnetic-field-assisted synthesis of anisotropic iron oxide particles: Effect of pH

• Andrey V. Shibaev,
• Petr V. Shvets,
• Darya E. Kessel,
• Roman A. Kamyshinsky,
• Anton S. Orekhov,
• Sergey S. Abramchuk,
• Alexei R. Khokhlov and
• Olga E. Philippova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1230–1241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.107

• comparable amounts of reacting ions (R = 2.1) will be described and then compared with the case in which hydroxyl ions are in large excess (R = 8). Comparable amounts of hydroxyl and iron ions (R = 2.1) According to the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images (Figure 2A), the black precipitate formed

• , aqueous solutions containing the synthesized nanoparticles were sonicated for 30 min (15 min of pure sonication time, consisting of 5 s pulses followed by 5 s of rest) at a Sonics VCX 500 ultrasonicator (Newtown, CT, USA) in order to break the nanoparticle agglomerates. Transmission electron microscopy

• (TEM) To prepare the TEM specimens, a drop (10 μL) of a freshly sonicated nanoparticle aqueous solution was deposited onto a 140 mesh Formvar-coated copper grid and and air-dried under ambient conditions. TEM micrographs and electron diffraction patterns were obtained on a LEO 912 AB OMEGA microscope

Revealing the local crystallinity of single silicon core–shell nanowires using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Marius van den Berg,
• Ardeshir Moeinian,
• Arne Kobald,
• Yu-Ting Chen,
• Anke Horneber,
• Steffen Strehle,
• Alfred J. Meixner and
• Dai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1147–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.99

• growth. However, it is worth mentioning that other mechanisms of Pt-catalyzed growth of nanowires were also previously observed [29]. The overall morphology of the SiNWs was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The high-resolution TEM investigation of the core area indicates that the

• original growth substrate by ultra-sonicating the growth substrate in purified water. For Raman and TERS investigations, nanowires are deposited on gold-coated silicon wafers as carrier substrates. For transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanowires are deposited on copper TEM grids with lacey carbon

Straightforward synthesis of gold nanoparticles by adding water to an engineered small dendrimer

• Sébastien Gottis,
• Régis Laurent,
• Vincent Collière and
• Anne-Marie Caminade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1110–1118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.95

• when the powdered form of this dendrimer was dissolved in water, as shown by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses. The dendrimers acted simultaneously as mild reducers and as nanoreactors, favoring the self-assembly of gold atoms and promoting

• electron microscopy (TEM) images were obtained from a drop of a colloidal suspension of compound 4 in water (Figure 3). Figure 3A displays images of the NPs with diameters ranging from 20 to 50 nm (mean value is 28 nm, Figure 3F). It can be seen from Figure 3B that these nanoparticles have a variety of

• the absorption maximum toward the red wavelength region, suggesting that the approximate diameter of the gold nanoparticles should be smaller than 50 nm. Characterization of gold nanoparticles by transmission electron microscopy To confirm the spontaneous formation of the gold NPs, transmission

A few-layer graphene/chlorin e6 hybrid nanomaterial and its application in photodynamic therapy against Candida albicans

• Selene Acosta,
• Carlos Moreno-Aguilar,
• Dania Hernández-Sánchez,
• Beatriz Morales-Cruzado,
• Erick Sarmiento-Gomez,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Luis Octavio Sánchez-Vargas and
• Mildred Quintana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1054–1061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.90

• concentration of Ce6 in FLG-Ce6, the absorption of FLG at 407 nm, under the same experimental conditions, is subtracted from the absorption obtained from the solution of FLG-Ce6 and finally matched with the calibration curve of Ce6. Figure 1a shows transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of FLG-Ce6

Microwave-induced electric discharges on metal particles for the synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials under solvent-free conditions

• Vijay Tripathi,
• Harit Kumar,
• Anubhav Agarwal and
• Leela S. Panchakarla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1019–1025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.86

• the phase purity of ZnF2. Figure S6 in Supporting Information File 1 shows the SEM and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of ZnF2 nanorods produced in the presence of sulfur. The SEM images indicate the high yield of ZnF2 nanorods. The high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) image in Figure S6d

Atomic layer deposition for efficient oxygen evolution reaction at Pt/Ir catalyst layers

• Stefanie Schlicht,
• Korcan Percin,
• Stefanie Kriescher,
• André Hofer,
• Claudia Weidlich,
• Matthias Wessling and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 952–959, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.79

• particular, we have determined particle sizes by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), investigated the homogeneously mixed nature of the Pt/Ir catalyst by X-ray diffraction (XRD), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). We have also examined various ALD

Nickel nanoparticles supported on a covalent triazine framework as electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reactions

• Secil Öztürk,
• Yu-Xuan Xiao,
• Dennis Dietrich,
• Beatriz Giesen,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jie Ying,
• Xiao-Yu Yang and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 770–781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.62

• wt %), the characteristic broad reflections for amorphous CTF could also be seen. Size and morphology of the synthesized Ni NPs on CTFs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and SEM. Figure 2 shows TEM images of Ni/CTF-1-600-22 recorded at different magnifications. Ni

• electron microscope with a LaB6 cathode at 5–20 keV and a Bruker Xflash 410 silicon drift detector for energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometric (EDX) elemental composition analysis. M/CTF-IL suspension samples for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were dripped on a carbon-coated copper grid and excess IL

Quantitative determination of the interaction potential between two surfaces using frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy

• Nicholas Chan,
• Carrie Lin,
• Tevis Jacobs,
• Robert W. Carpick and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 729–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.60

• spectroscopy measurements in an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) environment. The tip geometry, which is initially unknown and potentially irregularly shaped, is determined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging. It is then used to generate theoretical interaction force–displacement relations, which are

• generated using the 6-12 LJ pair potential form and experimental tip apex geometry, which was extracted from two-dimensional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. In prior works, the shapes of AFM probes have been determined using field ion microscopy (FIM) [39], atom probe tomography (APT) [40

• ] and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) [35]. Each technique has strengths and weaknesses: FIM has can resolve the exact atomic structure of the tip apex, but only for conductive tips; APT combines FIM with atom identification, but is a destructive technique; and TEM has less restrictions on the

Exfoliation in a low boiling point solvent and electrochemical applications of MoO₃

• Matangi Sricharan,
• Bikesh Gupta,
• Sreejesh Moolayadukkam and
• H. S. S. Ramakrishna Matte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 662–670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.52

• preheated oven. The remaining MoO3 powder in the beaker was weighed to determine the concentration. The morphology of MoO3 flakes was characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM; Tescan Mira3), transmission electron microscopy (TEM; FEI Talos, 200 kV) and atomic force microsopy

Comparison of fresh and aged lithium iron phosphate cathodes using a tailored electrochemical strain microscopy technique

• Matthias Simolka,
• Hanno Kaess and
• Kaspar Andreas Friedrich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 583–596, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.46

• spectroscopy (EDS or EDX) it adds chemical information on the elemental distribution to the structural analysis. Further methods that have been applied to study ageing in LFP are X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), focused ion beam

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

• applied to a variety of PEs. Multilayer capsules formed on such a variety of cores can reveal specific characteristics and are mostly studied using microscopy techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to observe their morphological changes. Moreover

Evolution of Ag nanostructures created from thin films: UV–vis absorption and its theoretical predictions

• Robert Kozioł,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Paweł Syty,
• Damian Koszelow,
• Wojciech Sadowski,
• Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 494–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.40

• Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.11.40 Abstract Ag-based plasmonic nanostructures were manufactured by thermal annealing of thin metallic films. Structure and morphology were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution

Preparation and in vivo evaluation of glyco-gold nanoparticles carrying synthetic mycobacterial hexaarabinofuranoside

• Gennady L. Burygin,
• Polina I. Abronina,
• Nikita M. Podvalnyy,
• Sergey A. Staroverov,
• Leonid O. Kononov and
• Lev A. Dykman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 480–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.39

• (GNPs) (Ara6-GNPs 3 and 4, respectively). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of Ara6-GNPs 3 (A) and 4 (B). The insets show size distribution diagrams with 15 nm average diameter in both cases. Absorption spectra of solutions of Ara6C2NH2-GNPs (3) (A) and Ara6C2EG7NH2-GNPs (4) (B), prepared

• directly conjugated to pre-formed [67][94] freshly prepared citrate-stabilized spherical gold nanoparticles (d = 15 nm, identical to those prepared earlier [77]) to give the corresponding Ara6-GNPs 3 and 4 (Figure 1), which have the same size as the parent GNPs according to transmission electron microscopy

• (TEM) (Figure 2). According to the colorimetric determination of carbohydrates (phenol–sulfuric acid reaction, see the Experimental section for details) in the samples of glyco-GNPs 3 and 4, which were purified from the excess of Ara6 glycosides 1 and 2 by centrifugation, there are no more than 100

Electrochemically derived functionalized graphene for bulk production of hydrogen peroxide

• Munaiah Yeddala,
• Pallavi Thakur,
• Anugraha A and
• Tharangattu N. Narayanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 432–442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.34

• fluoride and hydroxide ions at the anode (i.e., the higher the hydroxide ions the faster the exfoliation), which is in line with our recent report [43]. As described earlier, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of EEG samples indicate that the average lateral size is about 3–5 µm (more images in

Nanoparticles based on the zwitterionic pillar[5]arene and Ag⁺: synthesis, self-assembly and cytotoxicity in the human lung cancer cell line A549

• Dmitriy N. Shurpik,
• Denis A. Sevastyanov,
• Pavel V. Zelenikhin,
• Pavel L. Padnya,
• Vladimir G. Evtugyn,
• Yuriy N. Osin and
• Ivan I. Stoikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 421–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.33

• were held for 1 h and then the particle size was measured. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of 3/Ag+ and 4/Ag+ associates was carried out using the Hitachi HT7700 Exalens transmission electron microscope with an Oxford Instruments X-Maxn 80T EDS

Facile biogenic fabrication of hydroxyapatite nanorods using cuttlefish bone and their bactericidal and biocompatibility study

• Satheeshkumar Balu,
• Manisha Vidyavathy Sundaradoss,
• Swetha Andra and
• Jaison Jeevanandam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 285–295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.21

• ) nanorods using cuttlefish bone powder as a precursor (CB-Hap NRs). The obtained CB-Hap NRs were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques to evaluate their

• setup via an oil bath approach to synthesize Hap nanorods from cuttlefish bone powders and optimize their synthesis parameters. The systematic characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed to