TEM sample preparation of lithographically patterned permalloy nanostructures on silicon nitride membranes

• Joshua Williams,
• Michael I. Faley,
• Joseph Vimal Vas,
• Peng-Han Lu and
• Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1–12, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.1

• using the transport of intensity equation. Using off-axis electron holography, we were able to directly measure the phase shift induced by the in-plane magnetization in focus and quantitatively. Using the same parameters as in the LTEM experiment, we kept the tilt angle of the sample constant and

Elasticity, an often-overseen parameter in the development of nanoscale drug delivery systems

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1149–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.95

• properties of drug carriers. Keywords: atomic force microscopy; drug delivery; elasticity; mechanical properties; nanomedicine; nanoparticles; stiffness measurement; tissue/body distribution; Introduction Drug delivery systems are developed with the aim to transport a given drug to the site of action

Experimental investigation of usage of POE lubricants with Al₂O₃, graphene or CNT nanoparticles in a refrigeration compressor

• Kayhan Dağıdır and
• Kemal Bilen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1041–1058, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.86

• interface between particles and the liquid in a solid–liquid suspension, enhancing the interfacial area can result in more effective thermal transport properties. Smaller particle sizes result in higher surface-to-volume ratios, consequently raising the thermal conductivity of the liquid. This is attributed

• heat transport properties of graphene, when compared to those of Al2O3 and CNTs, is believed to be the reason for the effectiveness of a nanolubricant containing graphene nanoplatelets in the optimum mass fraction. The thermal conductivity coefficient of Al2O3 and CNTs are around 40 [38] and 3500 W

• transport behaviour. The characterisation of the materials discussed in the Methodology section did not reveal any obvious impurities or defects. Nevertheless, enriching the characterisation of the graphene nanoplatelets may facilitate the understanding of the dominant effect of graphene on compressor power

Isolation of cubic Si₃P₄ in the form of nanocrystals

• Polina K. Nikiforova,
• Sergei S. Bubenov,
• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Andrey S. Kumskov,
• Nikolay N. Kononov,
• Tatyana A. Kuznetsova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 971–979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.80

• facile lithium transport and possess a promising capacity of 2700 and 862/737 mA·h·g−1, respectively [16][17]. In the case of the synthesized nanoscale particles, a high level of Li mobility can be reached because of their developed surface and the interconnected ordered network of silicon vacancies with

Prediction of cytotoxicity of heavy metals adsorbed on nano-TiO₂ with periodic table descriptors using machine learning approaches

• Joyita Roy,
• Souvik Pore and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 939–950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.77

• ability of TiO2 NPs to adsorb heavy metals and to increase their transport rate into hosts, increasing their concentration in the cell. Hu et al. [10] investigated the joint effect of TiO2 NPs and humic acid (HA) on Cd2+ bioaccumulation in zebrafish. In another study, Yang et al. [11] showed that TiO2 NPs

Ni, Co, Zn, and Cu metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials for electrochemical reduction of CO₂: A review

• Ha Huu Do and
• Hai Bang Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 904–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.74

• low conductivity of MOFs hampers electron transport, leading to sluggish electrochemical reaction kinetics. To alleviate this problem, highly conductive materials such as graphene, and carbon nanotubes were combined with MOFs to improve overall conductivity. Additionally, the usage of pristine MOFs as

Green SPIONs as a novel highly selective treatment for leishmaniasis: an in vitro study against Leishmania amazonensis intracellular amastigotes

• Brunno R. F. Verçoza,
• Robson R. Bernardo,
• Luiz Augusto S. de Oliveira and
• Juliany C. F. Rodrigues

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 893–903, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.73

• possible to speculate that SPIONs use iron transport mechanisms to reach the parasitophorous vacuole and amastigote cytosol [21]. However, further studies need to be carried out to confirm this hypothesis and to elucidate the mechanisms of SPION uptake in promastigotes and amastigotes. We evaluated the

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• geometrical information, and the exponent n is the diffusional or transport exponent, that provides information about the release mechanism. However, it can also be viewed as a generalization for the explanation of two different drug release mechanisms that could coexist [34]. The mechanism that dominates the

• release can be inferred through the value of the release exponent n. For spherical systems, n will take a value of 0.43 for drug release governed by Fickian diffusion, a value of 1 for zero-order release, and intermediate values for intermediate behavior, often regarded as anomalous transport. In our case

Silver-based SERS substrates fabricated using a 3D printed microfluidic device

• Phommachith Sonexai,
• Minh Van Nguyen,
• Bui The Huy and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 793–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.65

• NPs are necessary for Ag-based SERS substrates to function well. The microfluidic approach is a technique for the fine control and manipulation of fluids, in which capillary penetration is limited to the micrometer scale and mass transport dominates [9][10]. Microfluidic devices are used in various

Carboxylic acids and light interact to affect nanoceria stability and dissolution in acidic aqueous environments

• Matthew L. Hancock,
• Eric A. Grulke and
• Robert A. Yokel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 762–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.63

• , where it is known to dissolve and transform in the presence of chelating agents at low pH [15]. In cucumber plants, there is clear evidence of ceria uptake and transport throughout the plant. A fraction of the ceria formed cerium carboxyl complexes. No phytotoxicity was reported to the plant itself [16

Cross-sectional Kelvin probe force microscopy on III–V epitaxial multilayer stacks: challenges and perspectives

• Mattia da Lisca,
• José Alvarez,
• James P. Connolly,
• Nicolas Vaissiere,
• Karim Mekhazni,
• Jean Decobert and
• Jean-Paul Kleider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 725–737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.59

• enhancing device efficiency [10][11]. Consequently, the experimental demonstration of the sensitivity of KPFM to the narrower layers can be crucial for the investigation and comprehension of local surface properties and charge transport mechanisms at interfaces [12]. Within this context, this work presents

• KELSCAN [13], which evaluates the contact potential and surface photovoltage as a function of the position. The Silvaco ATLAS model solves the Poisson equation self-consistently coupled to carrier continuity and transport equations in the well-known drift diffusion model, which is given detail in [22] and

• not repeated here for brevity. The solution presented in this work assumes ohmic contacts and, therefore, Dirichlet boundary conditions fixing potential and carrier concentrations at the boundaries, as reported in section 3.5 of the SILVACO ATLAS manual. The ATLAS module solves semiconductor transport

Current-induced mechanical torque in chiral molecular rotors

• Richard Korytár and
• Ferdinand Evers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 711–721, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.57

• crossover between both regimes. To exemplify our results, we employ a helical geometry. Helical molecular wires have sparked a lot of attention because of reports of spin-selective transport [16][17][18]. This phenomenon falls under the umbrella term “chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS)”. The full

• linear response (under the threshold current). A small symmetry breaking is needed in order to discriminate between the three states. Quantum effects are responsible for a rich transport phenomenology of molecular junctions [20]. Here, we pause to discuss quantum effects related to the electronic degrees

• manuscript will remain valid in the quantum limit. Two quantum aspects are significant in this context: (1) The electron transport process is stochastic, allowing for both transmission and reflection. Particle reflection off the helix can not induce any rotation, unless the following effect is considered. (2

Humidity-dependent electrical performance of CuO nanowire networks studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Juris Katkevics,
• Jana Andzane,
• Raitis Sondors,
• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Kiryl Niherysh,
• Yelyzaveta Rublova and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 683–691, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.54

• chemisorption and physisorption at the nanowire interface, which suppress electronic transport inside the p-type semiconductor nanowire but enhance ionic transport in the water layers adsorbed on the nanowire surface. Possible physicochemical processes at the nanowire surface are discussed in line with

• explained by parallel contributions to the net electrical signal from different conduction paths, for example, electronic and ionic transport inside the material and on the surface [29]. First, the conduction at very low RH is presumed to be primarily due to electronic transport inside the material. The CuO

• with the adsorbed oxygen and Cu sites on the surface also neutralize holes: [30]. Hence, the impedance can increase with increasing RH (up to about 50% in our system) because of the affected electronic transport inside the material. Simultaneously, as the hydroxy groups begin to form clusters on the

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

Suspension feeding in Copepoda (Crustacea) – a numerical model of setae acting in concert

• Alexander E. Filippov,
• Wencke Krings and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 603–615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.50

• to establish contact with the particles by inertial impaction and capture and transport them to the mouth opening [14][15][16][17][18]. These interactions (i.e., making contact with and handling of or manipulating particles) were previously documented in detail through observation under a binocular

• than the meshes of the sieve [14][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. Additionally, the mechanical property gradients of the setae, with soft bases or soft tips, seem to play a role [25][37][38]. All of the abovementioned parameters influence the capability of the setae to capture and transport the

• short setae collect them and transport them into the goal. However, when the adhesion is too strong, the food particles continue to follow the setae, even after their appearance in the vicinity of the short setae, and almost never enter the mouth. We additionally altered the degree of adhesion in more

Thermal transport in kinked nanowires through simulation

• Alexander N. Robillard,
• Graham W. Gibson and
• Ralf Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 586–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.49

• completely understood. The behaviour of the conductance is examined as kinks of varying angular intensity are included into nanowires. The effects on thermal transport are evaluated through molecular dynamics simulations, phonon Monte Carlo simulations and classical solutions of the Fourier equation. A

• detailed look is taken at the nature of heat flux within said systems. The effects of the kink angle are found to be complex, influenced by multiple factors including crystal orientation, details of transport modelling, and the ratio of mean free path to characteristic system lengths. The effect of varying

• Fourier model. Keywords: ballistic transport; kinked nanowire; molecular dynamics; phonon Monte Carlo; thermal transport; Introduction The thermal conductivity of semiconductor nanostructures is of great interest because of potential applications in a wide variety of fields, such as thermal control

Nanoarchitectonics to entrap living cells in silica-based systems: encapsulations with yolk–shell and sepiolite nanomaterials

• Celia Martín-Morales,
• Jorge Fernández-Méndez,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 522–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.43

• improved transport of nutrients and metabolites across the material. The FE-SEM images in Figure 2C and Figure 2D show the same microorganism cells but previously encapsulated in yolk–shell microstructures. They are arranged differently from those immobilized freely in the silica gel substrate. In the

Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation

• Chia-Yang Lin and
• Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36

• the advantage that the π electrons delocalized over the conjugated backbone enhance the carrier transport and provide multifunctional properties by combining their intrinsic optoelectronic properties and macromolecular physical properties. Typical polymeric PTMs used for the SSG include polypyrrole

• ratio, high porosity, and high mass transport. Therefore, they are often applied to SSG absorbers along with other macrostructures such as membranes and foams [29][52][53][54][55]. One noticeable example is the study of nanofiber-based light-trapping coatings [29]. Ma et al. proposed an ultrasonic spray

• applied on top of the PS insulator without the need for an additional water transport layer. Membranes Janus structural membranes with hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces are key structures for highly efficient SSGs. Such Janus membranes can be easily produced by filtering or coating hydrophilic

Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 434–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.35

• structure, magnetism, and charge and spin transport, are very interesting for nanoscale physics. In particular, nanostructures with zigzag edges are expected to have spin-polarized electronic edge states. The synthesized structures could play a leading role in graphene-based spintronics. In addition to

Evaluation of electrosynthesized reduced graphene oxide–Ni/Fe/Co-based (oxy)hydroxide catalysts towards the oxygen evolution reaction

• Karolina Cysewska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Marcin Zając,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 420–433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.34

• OER catalyst of Gr/NiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) was chemically fabricated on a GCE. The catalyst revealed an OER Eonset of 1.48 V vs RHE and η of 250 mV determined in 0.1 M KOH. Improved electron transport was provided by the graphene material in the catalyst structure. Enhanced OER catalytic

• transport. The latter can also be confirmed by the Tafel slope analysis. The slopes for NiFe(300 mC)-GO begin to rise quickly, which indicates a change in the OER kinetics due to the slowed exchange of ions and electrons. The connection of GO with NiFe resulted in a slight increase of the value of Cdl/ECSA

• of the catalyst surface and the ion and electron transport became inhibited. The value of Cdl/ECSA for NiFe-GO(100–300 mC) progressively increased as the deposition charge of GO in NiFe-GO increased, which was a different trend compared to NiFe(50–300 mC)-GO. Because of this, the data indicate that

Quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and anticancer and antibacterial activities

• Akif Hakan Kurt,
• Elif Berna Olutas,
• Fatma Avcioglu,
• Hamza Karakuş,
• Mehmet Ali Sungur,
• Cansu Kara Oztabag and
• Muhammet Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 362–376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.31

• present in plants such as onions, soybeans, lettuce, apples, red grapes, broccoli, and tomatoes [17]. It is also a naturally forming polar auxin transport inhibitor [18]. Various biological and pharmacological properties of quercetin have been reported, including antiviral, antibacterial, antimicrobial

The steep road to nonviral nanomedicines: Frequent challenges and culprits in designing nanoparticles for gene therapy

• Yao Yao,
• Yeongun Ko,
• Grant Grasman,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 351–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.30

• experimental setups [1][30][35]. The proper use of transport inhibitors requires stringent controls to substantiate their effects and to rule out artifacts. Typically, this requires the use of appropriate markers that have been extensively validated to be specifically internalized by particular pathways

• mid-size molecular probes that bind and associate nonspecifically (structural adsorption, intercalation, or backbone interactions) or through explicit interactions with specific NAT residues [56]. Ultimately, the particulate structure of these systems can result in transport constraints into and

Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications

• Santiago Grijalvo and
• Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29

• nanoparticles functionalized with the antibody 8D3. Afamin facilitates the transport of vitamin E to the central nervous system. When the nanoparticles were loaded with a drug, apolipoproteins involved in the transport through the BBB were also identified. Phytochemicals with antioxidant activity have been

Overview of mechanism and consequences of endothelial leakiness caused by metal and polymeric nanoparticles

• Magdalena Lasak and
• Karol Ciepluch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 329–338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.28

• cells, the inner lining of blood vessels controls the two-way transport of molecules and ions circulating in the blood and protects the inner tissue environment from harmful and dangerous substances [1][2][3][4]. The endothelium secretes vasodilation factors (e.g., nitric oxide and prostacyclin) and

• extracellular signals and regulate the function of the vascular barrier [3]. The endothelium is also covered by a negatively charged layer of glycocalyx, which has a protective function and is involved in the transport of molecules across the endothelium [11][12]. The degree of endothelial permeability depends

• on the physiology of the organ. The continuous endothelium is characterized by the lowest permeability. Most organs possess a continuous endothelium, which allows for diffusion of water and small molecules. Transporters, pumps, transcytosis, and ligand–receptor interactions are used to transport

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

• important for electronic transport and semimetal-to-semiconductor transition, as well as its highly anisotropic Fermi surface (with an electron and hole Fermi energies of 27.2 and 10.8 meV, respectively), which results in an extremely low carrier density of around 3 × 1017 cm−3 [78] and very little overlap

• nanostructures with oriented carrier transport, high optical performance, and a short carrier diffusion length, for instance, were prepared by Li and co-workers [42]. The photodegradation rates of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline were, respectively, 94.8% and 81.1% after 1 h. Additionally, Lin et al. [122