Synthesis and characterization of two new TiO₂-containing benzothiazole-based imine composites for organic device applications

• Anna Różycka,
• Agnieszka Iwan,
• Krzysztof Artur Bogdanowicz,
• Michal Filapek,
• Natalia Górska,
• Damian Pociecha,
• Marek Malinowski,
• Patryk Fryń,
• Agnieszka Hreniak,
• Jakub Rysz,
• Paweł Dąbczyński and
• Monika Marzec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 721–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.67

• SP1 and SP2 imines were investigated in CH2Cl2 solution by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV). To estimate ionization potential and electron affinity (HOMO and LUMO energies) of the materials, the IP of ferrocene of −5.1 eV was assumed [48]. Table 1 contains calculated HOMO and LUMO levels, and the

• the internal standard. Cyclic voltammetry experiments were conducted in a standard one-compartment cell, in CH2Cl2 (Carlo Erba, HPLC grade), under argon. 0.2 M Bu4NPF6 (Aldrich, 99%) was used as the supporting electrolyte. The compound concentration was 1.0 × 10−6 mol/dm3. Deaeration of the solution

Facile synthesis of ZnFe₂O₄ photocatalysts for decolourization of organic dyes under solar irradiation

• Arjun Behera,
• Debasmita Kandi,
• Sanjit Manohar Majhi,
• Satyabadi Martha and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 436–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.42

• working photo anode, Ag/AgCl as reference electrode and Pt as counter electrode. The electrolyte chosen for the study was 0.1 M Na2SO4 aqueous solution of pH 6.8. A 400 nm cut-off filter was used for the light irradiation during linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) analysis. Results and Discussion XRD analysis

• –540 cm−1 is due to stretching vibrations of M–O bonds (Zn-O and Fe-O). Electrochemical studies Linear-sweep voltammetry In order to know the photocurrent response of the prepared catalysts, linear-sweep voltammetry was carried out in the range of 0–1.1 V in 0.1 M Na2SO4 at a scan rate of 10 mV·s−1

Wafer-scale bioactive substrate patterning by chemical lift-off lithography

• Chong-You Chen,
• Chang-Ming Wang,
• Hsiang-Hua Li,
• Hong-Hseng Chan and
• Wei-Ssu Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 311–320, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.31

• rinsed by deionized water and carefully blown dry with nitrogen gas before characterization. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. Electrochemical experiments were performed on the CH Instruments 627A electrochemical analyzer in a three-electrode system consisting of the prepared substrate (with an

Synthesis and characterization of electrospun molybdenum dioxide–carbon nanofibers as sulfur matrix additives for rechargeable lithium–sulfur battery applications

• Ruiyuan Zhuang,
• Shanshan Yao,
• Maoxiang Jing,
• Xiangqian Shen,
• Jun Xiang,
• Tianbao Li,
• Kesong Xiao and
• Shibiao Qin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 262–270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.28

• electrodes were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrochemical characteristics of the cells with S/MoO2–CNF cathodes and pure sulfur cathodes were examined by CV in the voltage range of 1.7–3.0 V at the scanning rate

One-step chemical vapor deposition synthesis and supercapacitor performance of nitrogen-doped porous carbon–carbon nanotube hybrids

• Egor V. Lobiak,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva,
• Ekaterina O. Fedorovskaya,
• Yury V. Shubin,
• Pavel E. Plyusnin,
• Pierre Lonchambon,
• Boris V. Senkovskiy,
• Zinfer R. Ismagilov,
• Emmanuel Flahaut and
• Alexander V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2669–2679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.267

• composition of the obtained CNx hybrids were correlated with the data of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. Experimental Synthesis Catalysts were prepared using polyoxomolybdate clusters of the ε-Keggin-type structure Mo12O28(μ2-OH

• and the current collector for the working electrode. The working and counter electrodes were separated by a nonwoven 20 μm thick polypropylene cloth, which was impregnated with an excess of 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves were recorded on a Elins P–30s potentiostat. The potential

Systematic control of α-Fe₂O₃ crystal growth direction for improved electrochemical performance of lithium-ion battery anodes

• Nan Shen,
• Miriam Keppeler,
• Barbara Stiaszny,
• Holger Hain,
• Filippo Maglia and
• Madhavi Srinivasan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2032–2044, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.204

• to 5.7. The electrochemical performance was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and charge–discharge measurements. A SCA test series, including ethylenediamine, 1,2-diaminopropane, 2,3-diaminobutane, and N-methylethylenediamine, was implemented in terms of the impact on the nanorod aspect ratio. Varied

• 0.1 C and discharge current varying from 0.1 to 3 C. Cycling voltammetry (CV) was performed in the range of 0.05 to 3.00 V with a sweep rate of 0.1 mV s−1 on a Solartron electrochemical workstation (1470E and SI 1255B impedance/gain-phase analyzer coupled with a potentiostat). Results and Discussion

• ions, cycling voltammetry (CV) tests were applied. The obtained data for all samples is shown in Figure 7 where the cyclic voltammetry curve for the first three cycles of α-Fe2O3-E1.5 in the voltage range of 3.00 to 0.05 V at a scan rate of 0.1 mV s−1 is given. For the first cathodic sweep, peaks

Bi-layer sandwich film for antibacterial catheters

• Gerhard Franz,
• Florian Schamberger,
• Hamideh Heidari Zare,
• Sara Felicitas Bröskamp and
• Dieter Jocham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1982–2001, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.199

• traces are inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), cyclic voltammetry, and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The former two methods have been extensively used and are described in [19][40][41]. The biological methods are the determination of the zone of inhibition around a

• ]. This method has become standard for determining atomic concentrations in highly diluted solutions at the detection limit (5 μg/L = 50 nmol/L) [44]. Summing up all three values resulted in the total amount of silver released over a period of four weeks [45]. Additionally, voltammetry was used to measure

• clusters of metallic silver could succeed in moving through the barrier [67]. Whereas with ICP-OES, it is not possible to distinguish between Ag0 and Ag+, because both species are excited by an inductively coupled plasma, with voltammetry, only ions are detected. In Figure 24, the silver release as

Oxidative stabilization of polyacrylonitrile nanofibers and carbon nanofibers containing graphene oxide (GO): a spectroscopic and electrochemical study

• İlknur Gergin,
• Ezgi Ismar and
• A. Sezai Sarac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1616–1628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.161

• analyzer, and thermal studies are conducted by using thermogravimetric analysis. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry are used to investigate capacitive behavior of the products. The proposed equivalent circuit model was consistent with charge-transfer processes taking place at

• sample morphologies were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (Gemini Leo Supra 35 VP) and samples were coated with thin gold film using a sputter coater to prevent the accumulation of charge on their surface. Electrochemical performances of nanofibers were analyzed by using cyclic voltammetry

• capacitance because of layered graphene sheets [24]. Electrochemical impedance studies of PAN and GO-containing PAN-based nanofibers A standard three-electrode cell was used to study electrochemical performances of nanofibers by using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS

Fabrication of hierarchically porous TiO₂ nanofibers by microemulsion electrospinning and their application as anode material for lithium-ion batteries

• Jin Zhang,
• Yibing Cai,
• Xuebin Hou,
• Xiaofei Song,
• Pengfei Lv,
• Huimin Zhou and
• Qufu Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1297–1306, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.131

• constant current density of 40 mA·g−1 in the voltage range of 0.01–3.0 V (vs Li+/Li). The cyclic voltammetry curves were tested at a scanning rate of 0.1 mV/s over the voltage range of 0.01–3.0 V (vs Li+/Li) with a CHI660e electrochemical workstation. Results and Discussion Thermal properties and

• performances The electrochemical properties of TiO2 nanofiber electrodes were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) test using lithium foil as counter electrode and reference electrode. The CV curves of sample A2 and solid TiO2 nanofibers examined in the range of 0.01–3 V (vs Li+/Li) at a scanning rate of

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

• redox flow batteries [125]. During cycling voltammetry, the almost insulating Mn3O4 is electrochemically oxidised to the more conductive MnO2. This explains the interesting phenomenon of increasing capacitance with cycling [126]. The Mn3O4–graphene hybrid has been also used for the ultrafast oxidative

Carbon nanotube-wrapped Fe₂O₃ anode with improved performance for lithium-ion batteries

• Guoliang Gao,
• Yan Jin,
• Qun Zeng,
• Deyu Wang and
• Cai Shen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 649–656, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.69

• oxygen levels of less than 0.1 ppm. The assembled cells were kept at room temperature for 12 h before electrochemical performance test Electrochemical performance of the assembled cells were then tested by galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance

• spectroscopy (EIS). Charge/discharge tests of the assembled cells were carried out using a commercial battery test system (LAND model, CT2001A) at a constant current in the potential range of 0.01–3.00 V (vs Li/Li+). The cyclic voltammetry measurements were conducted in the same potential window at a scanning

Phosphorus-doped silicon nanorod anodes for high power lithium-ion batteries

• Chao Yan,
• Qianru Liu,
• Jianzhi Gao,
• Zhibo Yang and
• Deyan He

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 222–228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.24

• reaction of CuO. The galvanostatic discharge–charge profiles given in Figure 4a indicate that the discharge voltage signature of CuO disappears after the first discharge when the voltage cut-off window was set in the range between 0.02–0.7 V, which was further proven by the cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves

A novel electrochemical nanobiosensor for the ultrasensitive and specific detection of femtomolar-level gastric cancer biomarker miRNA-106a

• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Kobra Omidfar and
• Hossein Ghanbarian

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2023–2036, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.193

• miRNA were confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) methods. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used for quantitative evaluation of miR-106a via recording the reduction peak current of gold nanoparticles. The electrochemical signal had a linear

• -characterized nanomaterial and the complementarity principle of nucleic acid molecules, this electrochemical nanobiosensor showed remarkable accuracy in evaluating miRNA target concentrations via differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) analyses. The principal steps of the biosensing procedure are schematically

• SPCEs to perform the second hybridization step. After 1 h of incubation, the electrodes were washed with Tris buffer and investigated through electrochemical measurements [42][58]. Electrochemical measurement Cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and impedimetry methods were used

Effect of nanostructured carbon coatings on the electrochemical performance of Li_1.4Ni_0.5Mn_0.5O_2+x-based cathode materials

• Konstantin A. Kurilenko,
• Oleg A. Shlyakhtin,
• Oleg A. Brylev,
• Dmitry I. Petukhov and
• Alexey V. Garshev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1960–1970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.187

• nanocomposites were studied by cyclic voltammetry (CVA) to estimate the influence of carbon coatings on the lithium intercalation–deintercalation in Li1.4Ni0.5Mn0.5O2+x (Figure 4). Concerning the LNM/C composites, the cathodic peaks are substantially narrower than the ones for pure Li1.4Ni0.5Mn0.5O2+x. In the

Layered composites of PEDOT/PSS/nanoparticles and PEDOT/PSS/phthalocyanines as electron mediators for sensors and biosensors

• Celia García-Hernández,
• Cristina García-Cabezón,
• Fernando Martín-Pedrosa,
• José Antonio De Saja and
• María Luz Rodríguez-Méndez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1948–1959, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.186

• LuPc2 on the top of the PEDOT/PSS film by means of spin coating to obtain PEDOT/PSS/AuNP, PEDOT/PSS/CuPc and PEDOT/PSS/LuPc2 sensors, respectively. The electrodes were used as the working electrodes in cyclic voltammetry. The sensing properties and any synergistic effects in the layered composite

• /PSS/EM electrodes were analyzed using cyclic voltammetry. Voltammograms of PEDOT/PSS, PEDOT/PSS/AuNPs, PEDOT/PSS/CuPc and PEDOT/PSS/LuPc2 electrodes immersed in catechol and hydroquinone 1.5 × 10−4 mol·L−1 with 0.01 mol·L−1 phosphate buffer as the supporting electrolyte are shown in Figure 2. The

• corresponding PEDOT/PSS, PEDOT/PSS/EM or PEDOT/PSS/EM-Enz modified electrode as the working electrode; the reference electrode was Ag|AgCl/KCl 3 mol/L and the counter electrode was a platinum sheet with a surface area of 1 cm2. Cyclic voltammetry was carried out from −0.6 V to +1.2 V (vs Ag/AgCl) with a scan

Evolution of the graphite surface in phosphoric acid: an AFM and Raman study

• Rossella Yivlialin,
• Luigi Brambilla,
• Gianlorenzo Bussetti,
• Matteo Tommasini,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Carlo Spartaco Casari,
• Matteo Passoni,
• Franco Ciccacci,
• Lamberto Duò and
• Chiara Castiglioni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1878–1884, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.180

• system, i.e., the cyclic-voltammetry (CV) curve, presents a single feature during the first EC potential sweep, but it disappears during the second scan. On the other hand, EC atomic force microscopy (EC-AFM) measurements, performed in situ in the EC cell, reveal a significant increase of the surface

• not occur. When the EC potential is swept towards more positive values, the anodic current increases and a clear feature in the cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve is observed at about +1.48 V (Figure 1a), indicating that a charge transfer process is activated at the graphite electrode. Interestingly, no CV

• hypotheses should be carefully validated by further experiments carried out in different CV regimes and cycling. Conclusion The effect of phosphoric acid solution (2 M) on the surface of HOPG submerged in an EC bath has been studied by conventional cyclic voltammetry (CV). The EC characterization reveals the

Monolayer graphene/SiC Schottky barrier diodes with improved barrier height uniformity as a sensing platform for the detection of heavy metals

• Ivan Shtepliuk,
• Jens Eriksson,
• Volodymyr Khranovskyy,
• Tihomir Iakimov,
• Anita Lloyd Spetz and
• Rositsa Yakimova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1800–1814, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.173

• substances to be detected. To get a full picture of the state of the art describing all meaningful existing approaches to detect heavy metals, we also need to mention anode stripping voltammetry (ASV). ASV uses carbon, mercury and bismuth electrodes (and others) and is a well-known method for the

Improved lithium-ion battery anode capacity with a network of easily fabricated spindle-like carbon nanofibers

• Mengting Liu,
• Wenhe Xie,
• Lili Gu,
• Tianfeng Qin,
• Xiaoyi Hou and
• Deyan He

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1289–1295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.120

• %, respectively. The electrochemical performance of the beaded nanofiber carbon network anchored with MnO and N was investigated as a working electrode of CR2032-type coin cell with lithium foil as the counter and reference electrodes. Figure 3a shows the typical cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves of the initial

• cycling and rate tests of the cells were measured using a Neware BTS-610 multichannel battery tester at room temperature. Cyclic voltammetry measurements were performed over a potential window of 0.02–3.00 V vs Li/Li+ at a scanning rate of 0.1 mV s−1 with a CHI-660C electrochemical workstation. (a) SEM

• voltammetry curves, (b) galvanostatic discharge–charge profiles, (c) rate capacity, and (d, e) cycling performance of the network of spindle-like carbon nanofibers anchored with MnO and N. Lithium storage performance of some comparable MnO–C-composite-based anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs

In situ characterization of hydrogen absorption in nanoporous palladium produced by dealloying

• Eva-Maria Steyskal,
• Christopher Wiednig,
• Norbert Enzinger and
• Roland Würschum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1197–1201, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.110

• voltammetry in the hydrogen regime the electrical resistance changes reversibly by almost 10% upon absorbing approximately 5% H/Pd (atomic ratio). By suitable loading procedures, hydrogen concentrations up to almost 60% H/Pd were obtained, along with a sample thickness increase of about 5%. The observed

• regime. Nanoporous metals freshly prepared by dealloying are in a strongly oxidized condition, associated with particular physical properties [15][16][12][13]. By suitable treatment, i.e., repeated cyclic voltammetry (CV) in a wide potential range, the sample can be reduced until finally a metallic CV

• properties of Pd, is associated with resistance variations ΔR/R0 of approximately 7% and a thickness increase ΔL/L0 of about 0.5%. This regime was investigated in more detail by cyclic voltammetry at a very slow scan rate of 0.1 mV/s. Figure 2 shows the relative variations of electrical resistance and sample

Voltammetric determination of polyphenolic content in pomegranate juice using a poly(gallic acid)/multiwalled carbon nanotube modified electrode

• Refat Abdel-Hamid and
• Emad F. Newair

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1104–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.103

• /MWCNT/GCE) electrochemical sensor was prepared for direct determination of the total phenolic content (TPC) as gallic acid equivalent. The GCE working electrode was electrochemically modified and characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry and

• positive potential values. The dependence of peak current on accumulation potential, accumulation time and pH were investigated by square-wave voltammetry (SWV) to optimize the experimental conditions for the determination of GA. Using the optimized conditions, the sensor responded linearly to a GA

• developed for determination of GA in a mild neutral conditions. The sensor is based on a poly (melamine) film immobilized on a preanodized screen-printed carbon electrode [5]. A voltammetric determination of GA on a hanging mercury drop electrode was investigated by cathodic adsorptive stripping voltammetry

Role of solvents in the electronic transport properties of single-molecule junctions

• Katharina Luka-Guth,
• Sebastian Hambsch,
• Andreas Bloch,
• Philipp Ehrenreich,
• Bernd Michael Briechle,
• Filip Kilibarda,
• Torsten Sendler,
• Dmytro Sysoiev,
• Thomas Huhn,
• Artur Erbe and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1055–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.99

• in recent experimental and theoretical work to be able to tune the conductance markedly [13][21]. While we cannot exclude dipolar effects to be active, we conclude that electrochemical processes in the junction, as known from cyclic voltammetry [23], e.g., oxidation and reduction of the solvent, must

Large-scale fabrication of achiral plasmonic metamaterials with giant chiroptical response

• Morten Slyngborg,
• Yao-Chung Tsao and
• Peter Fojan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 914–925, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.83

• study electron transfer in cyclic voltammetry [45]. Cysteamine is the simplest stable aminothiol, hence it readily adsorbs onto gold surfaces and forms a self-assembled monolayer which is often used as the first layer in the functionalization of surfaces [46]. In all experiments the ECM fabricated with

Gold nanoparticles covalently assembled onto vesicle structures as possible biosensing platform

• M. Fátima Barroso,
• M. Alejandra Luna,
• Juan S. Flores Tabares,
• Cristina Delerue-Matos,
• N. Mariano Correa,
• Fernando Moyano and
• Patricia G. Molina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 655–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.58

• (SH). After, the AuNPs photochemically synthesized in pure glycerol were mixed and anchored onto SH–DOPC vesicles. The data provided by voltammetry, spectrometry and microscopy techniques indicated that the AuNPs were successfully covalently anchored onto the vesicle bilayer and decorated vesicles

• electrochemical impedance spectroscopy or square wave voltammetry [22][23]. It is known that antibodies can be immobilized onto AuNPs without losing their biological properties [24][25]. Thus, the covalent immobilization of vesicles decorated with AuNPs on a gold surface could increase the amount of immobilized

• order to covalently bind the AuNPs to the bilayer and to immobilize the vesicle on the Au electrode. This nanosystem was characterized by using UV–vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The results show that the vesicles were

Comparison of the interactions of daunorubicin in a free form and attached to single-walled carbon nanotubes with model lipid membranes

• Dorota Matyszewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 524–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.46

• daunorubicin attached to carbon nanotubes in the mixed layer on the electrode, cyclic voltammetry was performed. The reduction–oxidation peaks observed in voltammograms correspond to the electrode process of the quinone-hydroquinone group (Figure 4) [30]. Basing on the results obtained for the supported mixed

• model membranes containing daunorubicin in the two investigated forms. Cyclic voltammetry performed for the electrodes modified with DPPTE monolayers containing daunorubicin either in the free form or attached to carbon nanotubes proved the presence of the electroactive drug at the electrode surface

Rigid multipodal platforms for metal surfaces

• Michal Valášek,
• Marcin Lindner and
• Marcel Mayor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 374–405, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.34