Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer

• Filip Gorachinov,
• Fatima Mraiche,
• Diala Alhaj Moustafa,
• Ola Hishari,
• Yomna Ismail,
• Jensa Joseph,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Nikola Geskovski and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23

• . However, because of the difference in pharmacokinetics among agents, combined therapies may not effectively reach their targets. The obstacles regarding the simultaneous co-delivery of therapeutic agents at the site of action can be overcome using nanomedicine as a platform and nanotools as delivery

• mitigating the risk of therapeutic failure due to the non-coordinated co-delivery of therapeutic agents and off-target side effects. However, despite substantial progress, a precise control of the in vivo trajectories of the nanosystems is still beyond our reach. Some of the promising approaches and design

Cyclodextrins as eminent constituents in nanoarchitectonics for drug delivery systems

• Makoto Komiyama

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 218–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.21

• with appropriate carriers to fulfill several requirements. First, the composite needs be sufficiently stable in the body and successfully reach the target site without being trapped. Second, the composites must be efficiently internalized to the target tissues and cells. Finally, the drugs must be

• , its main drawback is that the isomerizations never reach 100% conversion (the trans/cis ratio in the photo-equilibrium is around 2:8). Thus, a complete on–off photoregulation is hardly accomplishable with azobenzenes. To solve this problem, arylazopyrazoles (Figure 3a) are very convenient. They have

A distributed active patch antenna model of a Josephson oscillator

• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 151–164, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.16

• , and power efficiency. The model explains the origin of the low power efficiency for emission in free space and clarifies which parameters can be changed to improve the FFO characteristics. Finally, I discuss the design of a Josephson patch oscillator that can reach high power for emission in free

• phase oscillations will not grow beyond |gn| = π. Instead, higher harmonic generation will occur. Full numerical simulations of the sine-Gordon equation (Equation 3), shown by blue symbols in Figure 2a, reveal that the amplitude of oscillations reach π at the end of the velocity-matching step. This

• , I discussed the design of a Josephson patch oscillator that can reach high power for emission in free space with the optimal power efficiency of approx. 50%. Appendix Definition of variables (Table 2). (a) A sketch of the Josephson flux-flow oscillator. It is based on a sandwich-type junction with

Intermodal coupling spectroscopy of mechanical modes in microcantilevers

• Ioan Ignat,
• Bernhard Schuster,
• Jonas Hafner,
• MinHee Kwon,
• Daniel Platz and
• Ulrich Schmid

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 123–132, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.13

• multifrequency AFM methods designed for controlling the sense mode to reach their ultimate goal of greater signal-to-noise ratios. These possibilities only multiply if the mechanical–mechanical interactions were only one aspect of a device. In a MEMS or NEMS device, such interactions would be useful to bridge

Combining physical vapor deposition structuration with dealloying for the creation of a highly efficient SERS platform

• Adrien Chauvin,
• Walter Puglisi,
• Damien Thiry,
• Cristina Satriano,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.10

• tuning deposition (i.e., the alloy chemical composition) and dealloying (i.e., dealloying media) parameters to reach the best SERS properties. These are reported for samples dealloyed in HCl and with 30 atom % of silver at the initial state with a detection limit down to 10−10 mol·L−1 for a solution of

• efficient nanoporous platforms are based on gold due to their high stability towards oxidation. Therefore, heading towards simple and inexpensive approaches to reach the industrial market turns out to be a necessity. The origin of the SERS effect relies on the interaction between an intense electromagnetic

• the SERS detection properties. To reach this objective, Raman spectra of the RhB diluted at 10−7 mol·L−1 were recorded on the samples after different dealloying times and for the three selected initial Ag contents. No Raman signal was detected for the Ag–Al thin film before dealloying since the

Solvent-induced assembly of mono- and divalent silica nanoparticles

• Bin Liu,
• Etienne Duguet and
• Serge Ravaine

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 52–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.6

• a NaCl aqueous solution) was added dropwise under stirring into the THF dispersion of 1-PSN to reach the targeted volume fraction and a total volume of 1 mL. It took about 20 s to add 100 μL. Assembled structures were monitored by collecting 50 µL samples at various incubation times and direct

Atmospheric water harvesting using functionalized carbon nanocones

• Fernanda R. Leivas and
• Marcia C. Barbosa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.1

• and hydrophobic sites. Without them, the droplet is stuck at the base of the nanochannel. After an initial period (see t = 0.15 ns in Figure 4), only a large droplet remains being absorbed by the nanocone. This drop is fed by the vapor, forming a continuous flow of molecules that reach from the base

Electrical and optical enhancement of ITO/Mo bilayer thin films via laser annealing

• Abdelbaki Hacini,
• Ahmad Hadi Ali,
• Nurul Nadia Adnan and
• Nafarizal Nayan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1589–1595, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.133

• size increased with the laser energy up to 200 mJ. It decreased to reach a minimum at an energy of 240 mJ. This trend in crystallite size is due to the rearrangement of the nanostructure. The particles sizes increase, defects are reduced, and the dislocation density (δ) decreases from 6.53 × 1014 to

Observation of collective excitation of surface plasmon resonances in large Josephson junction arrays

• Roger Cattaneo,
• Mikhail A. Galin and
• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1578–1588, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.132

• and Figure 1d. However, application of a small magnetic field introduces a spread in critical currents, as can be seen from Figure 2b. In combination with the hysteresis in the I–V characteristics, this makes it possible to reach a large variety of dynamic states with different numbers of active JJs

Non-stoichiometric magnetite as catalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of phenol and 2,6-dibromo-4-methylphenol – a new approach in water treatment

• Joanna Kisała,
• Anna Tomaszewska and
• Przemysław Kolek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1531–1540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.126

• catalyst was dispersed in each vial. The solution was constantly agitated at 240 rpm for 3 h at ambient temperature to reach equilibrium. The equilibrium pH value was measured with a multimeter (CPC 411, Elmetron, Poland) and the values were plotted against the initial pH values for both series. The PZC

In search of cytotoxic selectivity on cancer cells with biogenically synthesized Ag/AgCl nanoparticles

• Mitzi J. Ramírez-Hernández,
• Mario Valera-Zaragoza,
• Omar Viñas-Bravo,
• Ariana A. Huerta-Heredia,
• Miguel A. Peña-Rico,
• Erick A. Juarez-Arellano,
• David Paniagua-Vega,
• Eduardo Ramírez-Vargas and
• Saúl Sánchez-Valdes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1505–1519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.124

• reaction temperature. If the size of the nanoparticles is considered, as the reaction temperature increases, the nanoparticles become larger or the size distribution becomes broader. At room temperature and at 60 °C, the nanoparticles are less than 50 nm in size, but at 80 °C the nanoparticles reach a size

Frequency-dependent nanomechanical profiling for medical diagnosis

• Santiago D. Solares and
• Alexander X. Cartagena-Rivera

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1483–1489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.122

• necessary to establish a strict standard procedure for biopsy analysis or for the device to reach the affected tissue inside the body (for example, by means of a catheter inserted into a vein, or through the collection of a biopsy from arthritic tissue). In all cases, such an integrated approach would

Coherent amplification of radiation from two phase-locked Josephson junction arrays

• Mikhail A. Galin,
• Vladimir M. Krasnov,
• Ilya A. Shereshevsky,
• Nadezhda K. Vdovicheva and
• Vladislav V. Kurin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1445–1457, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.119

• voltage. Therefore, fJ can be up to about 1 THz for low-Tc JJs [1] and can reach tens of terahertz for high-Tc JJs [2][3]. Thus, a JJ has the potential to be the basis of compact, continuous-wave and tunable terahertz generators, which would facilitate solving the problem of so-called “THz gap” [4]. A

• effects become dominant for synchronization. To reach the radiation power maximum, JJs should be synchronized with the EM mode excited within the resonator. Such large JJ arrays become similar to a laser where the junctions play the role of atoms in an active medium. The advantage of large JJ arrays

Orally administered docetaxel-loaded chitosan-decorated cationic PLGA nanoparticles for intestinal tumors: formulation, comprehensive in vitro characterization, and release kinetics

• Sedat Ünal,
• Osman Doğan and
• Yeşim Aktaş

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1393–1407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.115

• , enzymatic destructive environment, and transit time through the gastrointestinal tract, the ability of an orally administered formulation to reach colon carcinomas stably and effectively necessitates a serious pharmaceutical formulation study and a comprehensive evaluation. It is possible to overcome the

• obstacles for successful treatment [15]. The low permeability of nanoformulations through the mucus layer prevents sufficient absorption of the drug and causes clearance of molecules which do not reach adequate retention time in the GIT [53]. Thus, increasing the retention time of the NPs on the mucus layer

• supernatant. Thus, the ability of NPs to penetrate first through the mucus layer and then reach the gelatin layer was assessed by measurement of the amount of DCX transported into the gelatin layer. Release kinetics study In vitro release profiles of DCX from DCX-PLGA NPs and CS/DCX-PLGA NPs formulations were

Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications

• Vishal Dutta,
• Ankush Chauhan,
• Ritesh Verma,
• C. Gopalkrishnan and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109

• = r2/π2D, where r is the grain radius and D is the carrier’s diffusion coefficient. Consequently, as the particle radius decreases, a higher number of photogenerated carriers can reach the surface, where they might participate in a photocatalytic process [76]. Bismuth is often used as a nanoscale

Growing up in a rough world: scaling of frictional adhesion and morphology of the Tokay gecko (Gekko gecko)

• Anthony J. Cobos and
• Timothy E. Higham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1292–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.107

• whole-organism experimental studies. In order to fully understand how performance is influenced by roughness, incorporating variation in body size is important. Tokay geckos are ideal for investigating the role of body size variation given that they reach very large body sizes and they live in

Laser-processed antiadhesive bionic combs for handling nanofibers inspired by nanostructures on the legs of cribellate spiders

• Sebastian Lifka,
• Kristóf Harsányi,
• Erich Baumgartner,
• Lukas Pichler,
• Dariya Baiko,
• Karsten Wasmuth,
• Johannes Heitz,
• Marco Meyer,
• Anna-Christin Joel,
• Jörn Bonse and
• Werner Baumgartner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1268–1283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.105

• reduced by approximately 40% (P240 grit size) and 65% (80 grit size), respectively. The investigated randomly rough surfaces did not reach the low peel-off forces for the LIPSS-covered samples. To prove the statistical significance of the measurement results, a statistical analysis was performed using

• of the LIPSS, is only 170 nm and, therefore, too low to reach the antiadhesive state according to the above theory (2a > 250 nm). This explains why the peel-off force measurement did not show a significant difference for the polished control and the LIPSS-covered Al alloy sample. Instead, the mean

• samples, the presence of LIPSS had no significant influence on the peel-off force. This is due to the fact that the LIPSS on the aluminium alloy samples are rather flat and, therefore, do not have the required amplitude to reach the antiadhesive state. Furthermore, the measurements showed that a very

A super-oscillatory step-zoom metalens for visible light

• Yi Zhou,
• Chao Yan,
• Peng Tian,
• Zhu Li,
• Yu He,
• Bin Fan,
• Zhiyong Wang,
• Yao Deng and
• Dongliang Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1220–1227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.101

• plasmons can reach a spatial resolution of 22 nm, but the imaging range is limited to the sample surface, causing difficulties in biomedical imaging. Although negative refractive superlenses and hyperbolic metamaterials [6][7] have been experimentally verified for super-resolution imaging, they exhibit

• light. As we used a double-layer metasurface based on the geometric phase principle, there are two polarization conversions. For the ideal case, the incident LCP will be converted to RCP, and then converted to LCP again. However, the polarization conversion efficiency cannot reach 100%, which would

Application of nanoarchitectonics in moist-electric generation

• Jia-Cheng Feng and
• Hong Xia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1185–1200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.99

• Table 1, the existing MEG research roughly has two power output modes, instantaneous output and constant output. Currently, instantaneous-output devices can provide up a maximum electrical output of 0.69 V and 7.55 mA. Devices with constant output can reach an electrical output of 0.5 V and 8 μA

• . Instantaneous-output devices provide high open-circuit voltage, which can reach 4 V or more, but because of the low frequency, the total energy that can be provided is limited. In constant-output devices, the open-circuit voltages of most devices are less than 1 V, and most short-circuit currents do not exceed

Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges

• Piotr Gadziński,
• Anna Froelich,
• Monika Wojtyłko,
• Antoni Białek,
• Julia Krysztofiak and
• Tomasz Osmałek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1167–1184, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.98

• epidermis layer and to form channels allowing for better drug permeation to deeper skin layers. In this way, the active ingredient may act locally or reach the capillary vessels in the dermis and enter systemic circulation [117]. A study performed by Wei-Ze et al. [140] revealed that microneedle geometry

• , the obtained material revealed an appropriate mechanical strength to reach penetration depth up to 200 µm. The degree of drug penetration across human excised cornea after 24 h was assessed for the traditional suspension used for 5 min or 24 h and after 5 min of contact with the microneedles. The

A cantilever-based, ultrahigh-vacuum, low-temperature scanning probe instrument for multidimensional scanning force microscopy

• Hao Liu,
• Zuned Ahmed,
• Sasa Vranjkovic,
• Manfred Parschau,
• Andrada-Oana Mandru and
• Hans J. Hug

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1120–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.95

• suspension springs that reach through cylindrical tubes running through the LHe tank and are mounted on top of the tank. Together with the Eddy current damping system mounted at the bottom of the cryostat, this provides excellent vibration isolation such that a tip–sample gap stability better than 1 pm can

• (by the shaker piezo on the cantilever holder) or optically (using a DC and AC current for the 635 nm laser diode to oscillate its light intensity), respectively. Note that the additional color filter placed in front of the photodiode prevents the backreflected 635 nm light to reach the photodiode

• again limited by detector noise for bandwidths above 50 Hz. The noise of the deflection sensor employed here is clearly relevant for measurements performed at higher bandwidths at low temperatures for all types of cantilevers. The best interferometer optical sensors have been reported to reach

Spindle-like MIL101(Fe) decorated with Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles for enhanced degradation of chlortetracycline under visible-light irradiation

• Chen-chen Hao,
• Fang-yan Chen,
• Kun Bian,
• Yu-bin Tang and
• Wei-long Shi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1038–1050, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.91

• of a CTC solution with an initial concentration of 20 mg/L and stirred in the dark for 30 min to reach adsorption–desorption equilibrium. Then, the photocatalytic reaction was initiated by a 300 W xenon lamp with a 420 nm cut-off filter. At 20 min intervals, 4 mL of the sample was taken out and

• ) shows strong adsorption capacity in the dark and a poorer photocatalytic activity. With the photocatalysis of MIL101(Fe), the photodegradation efficiency of CTC only could reach 64.5% after irradiation for 120 min. Compared with MIL101(Fe), Bi2O3/MIL101(Fe) composites exhibit a slightly weakened

Numerical study on all-optical modulation characteristics of quantum cascade lasers

• Biao Wei,
• Haijun Zhou,
• Guangxiang Li and
• Bin Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1011–1019, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.88

• , and the modulation frequency can reach 60 GHz [13]. Moreover, all-optical modulation can directly alter the carrier distribution and is highly efficient. However, the mechanism of all-optical modulation is very complex. If we could effectively describe all-optical modulation of QCLs by numerical

Influence of water contamination on the sputtering of silicon with low-energy argon ions investigated by molecular dynamics simulations

• Grégoire R. N. Defoort-Levkov,
• Alan Bahm and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 986–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.86

• . Furthermore, as ReaxFF tends to reach a better stability at a shorter time step, a variable time step was defined between 0.05 and 0.1 fs, with a maximal allowed energy variation per atom between each step of 5 eV. This process allowed to limit the maximum displacement of atoms per time step while the damage

• . For the clean sample, the amorphization depth linearly evolves until the implanted argon atoms reach a saturation concentration due to the diffusion and desorption of excess atoms. In the contaminated sample, the observations are similar for argon and for the contaminants, and hydrogen is implanted

• normal. In the amorphous region, contaminants and argon atoms reach a saturation concentration. Once the argon saturation is reached, the thickness of the amorphous layer reaches a maximum, which is defined by the range of the argon atoms. At the same time, material is removed by sputtering from the

Interaction between honeybee mandibles and propolis

• Leonie Saccardi,
• Franz Brümmer,
• Jonas Schiebl,
• Oliver Schwarz,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 958–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.84

• several ridges and ledges on the medial surface of the mandible forming a channel between them. A hairless and sharp edge on one side could be used to cut materials as it has been suggested for the mandible of stingless bees [19]. Long flexible hairs grow on one edge and reach over half of the mandible