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Search for "additive" in Full Text gives 131 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.

From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries

  • Philipp Adelhelm,
  • Pascal Hartmann,
  • Conrad L. Bender,
  • Martin Busche,
  • Christine Eufinger and
  • Juergen Janek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1016–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.105

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Published 23 Apr 2015

Simulation tool for assessing the release and environmental distribution of nanomaterials

  • Haoyang Haven Liu,
  • Muhammad Bilal,
  • Anastasiya Lazareva,
  • Arturo Keller and
  • Yoram Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 938–951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.97

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  • before and after the introduction of the fuel additive with MendNano simulation results. Monitoring the results showed that following the introduction of Envirox (a CeO2 ENM-based diesel fuel combustion catalyst) to a bus fleet in the Newcastle area, the ambient CeO2 concentration increased by a factor
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Published 13 Apr 2015

Morphology control of zinc oxide films via polysaccharide-mediated, low temperature, chemical bath deposition

  • Florian Waltz,
  • Hans-Christoph Schwarz,
  • Andreas M. Schneider,
  • Stefanie Eiden and
  • Peter Behrens

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 799–808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.83

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  • ] and 0.648 Ω∙cm [53] have been reported for as-grown and annealed films, respectively. We therefore claim that the use of the biological additive hyaluronic acid can improve the electrical conductivity and the general quality of zinc oxide films grown with CBD processes. Conclusion This study describes
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Published 24 Mar 2015

Influence of spurious resonances on the interaction force in dynamic AFM

  • Luca Costa and
  • Mario S. Rodrigues

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 420–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.42

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  • the whole system has a specific transfer function, and assuming only that all the forces involved are additive. However, one should note that if we talk of the interaction stiffness, ki, this contains the implicit assumption that the interaction force, Fi, in the vicinity of the tip oscillation can be
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Published 10 Feb 2015

Properties of plasmonic arrays produced by pulsed-laser nanostructuring of thin Au films

  • Katarzyna Grochowska,
  • Katarzyna Siuzdak,
  • Peter A. Atanasov,
  • Carla Bittencourt,
  • Anna Dikovska,
  • Nikolay N. Nedyalkov and
  • Gerard Śliwiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2102–2112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.219

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  • additive. Thus, the linewidth consists of the sum of the contributions from the homogeneous and radiative widths and those originating from bulk, surface and interface effects [41]: In this sum the three latter terms can be neglected, being much smaller than the prominent radiative and homogeneous
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Published 13 Nov 2014
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  • ]. The same is true under very acidic conditions. However, 29Si HR NMR measurements (Figure 1) of sodium metasilicate solutions without any additive reveal that the state of the silicic acid is different for the basic (pH 12.5) and the acidic environment (pH 1.95). In the basic environment, the signals
  • the sodium metasilicate solutions strongly enhances the absorbance at pH 6.8. That means the polyamine additive pronouncedly accelerates the aggregation process, which can be explained by the electrostatic interactions between the positively charged PAH and negative surface charges of higher silica
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Published 06 Nov 2014

Data-adaptive image-denoising for detecting and quantifying nanoparticle entry in mucosal tissues through intravital 2-photon microscopy

  • Torsten Bölke,
  • Lisa Krapf,
  • Regina Orzekowsky-Schroeder,
  • Tobias Vossmeyer,
  • Jelena Dimitrijevic,
  • Horst Weller,
  • Anna Schüth,
  • Antje Klinger,
  • Gereon Hüttmann and
  • Andreas Gebert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2016–2025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.210

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  • called shot noise, cannot be described properly as additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), which is independent of the signal. A more generic noise model of the form: has to be used, in which ηp(x) ~ P(y(x)) is a Poisson-distributed signal-dependent component, scaled by a constant α > 0 and ηG(x) a
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Published 06 Nov 2014

Carbon nano-onions (multi-layer fullerenes): chemistry and applications

  • Juergen Bartelmess and
  • Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1980–1998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.207

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  • lubricant [75] and as an additive to the oil Krytox 143AB, where the aim was to improve the lubricating lifetime for space applications [76]. In the following years, several reports were published on the characterization of the tribological properties of CNO materials, produced through different methods [77
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Published 04 Nov 2014

Real-time monitoring of calcium carbonate and cationic peptide deposition on carboxylate-SAM using a microfluidic SAW biosensor

  • Anna Pohl and
  • Ingrid M. Weiss

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1823–1835, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.193

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  • as shown in this paper represent the original raw data, unless otherwise indicated. Statistics OriginPro 8.6G (OriginLab Corporation, Additive GmbH, Friedrichsdorf, Germany) was used for data handling and statistics. Data from 5 measurements (120 measured values) in the time interval prior to the
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Published 22 Oct 2014
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  • not replace that of the first eigenfrequency, but rather their effects are additive. The effect of the low-frequency oscillation on the surface is always present to the same degree. Therefore, the average surface relaxation distance (distance between the approach and retract tip–sample force minima in
  • compares the trends in dissipated energy as a function of A2 for the three cases analyzed in Figures 5–7. It shows that the trend for the real case lies in between the results of the prescribed trajectories with constant penetration and the prescribed trajectories of additive penetration for the two
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Published 26 Sep 2014

Ionic liquid-assisted formation of cellulose/calcium phosphate hybrid materials

  • Ahmed Salama,
  • Mike Neumann,
  • Christina Günter and
  • Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1553–1568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.167

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  • (methanol, 48 h). The purified products were dried at 40 °C for 24 h in a vacuum oven. Samples are labeled CPXy, where X = NaOH or GAA (glacial acetic acid) indicates the additive and y = 24 or 48 indicates the reaction time, 24 or 48 h. For example, CPNaOH24 is a sample grown in the presence of NaOH for 24
  • . 57–83%). Both EA and TGA therefore indicate that the mineralization in the presence of GAA is more effective in the sense that the fraction of inorganic is higher with the GAA additive than with NaOH. Both TGA and EA also show that, not surprisingly, the organic content in the hybrid materials
  • on sample architecture, crystal phase, crystal organization, and sample homogeneity. SEM (Figures 2, 4, 5) and TEM (Figure 6) show that the additive, GAA vs NaOH, has a dramatic influence on the sample morphology. In the presence of GAA very uniform and highly organized nanoscale hybrid materials are
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Published 16 Sep 2014

Liquid fuel cells

  • Grigorii L. Soloveichik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1399–1418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.153

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  • towards hydrolysis turned out to be more efficient catalysts than platinum. Thiourea, a known hydrogen evolution inhibitor, was also used as an additive to increase the coulombic efficiency [181]. Nanoporous gold electrodes prepared by extracting Ag from an AgAu alloy catalyze the oxidation of AB at a
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Published 29 Aug 2014

The protein corona protects against size- and dose-dependent toxicity of amorphous silica nanoparticles

  • Dominic Docter,
  • Christoph Bantz,
  • Dana Westmeier,
  • Hajo J. Galla,
  • Qiangbin Wang,
  • James C. Kirkpatrick,
  • Peter Nielsen,
  • Michael Maskos and
  • Roland H. Stauber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.151

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  • and drug carriers [10][15]. Amorphous silica is registered as a food additive within the EU, named also E551, and therefore it is already widely used in various consumer products [9][10][15]. The assessment of amorphous silica being non-toxic is mostly based on the testing of micrometer-sized bulk
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Published 27 Aug 2014

The study of surface wetting, nanobubbles and boundary slip with an applied voltage: A review

  • Yunlu Pan,
  • Bharat Bhushan and
  • Xuezeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1042–1065, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.117

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  • coating and DI water. The interface of the layers will have a tendency to be electrostatically charged. When the applied voltage has an opposite polarity, the charging is additive. As a result, there will be a discharge current [77] which may lead to a damage of the brittle PS coating. To avoid the damage
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Published 15 Jul 2014

Extracellular biosynthesis of gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) nanoparticles, their biodistribution and bioconjugation with the chemically modified anticancer drug taxol

  • Shadab Ali Khan,
  • Sanjay Gambhir and
  • Absar Ahmad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 249–257, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.27

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  • convertor [2][3], as additives in UO2 fuel rods for nuclear reactors [2], and as an additive in ZrO2 to enhance its toughness [3][4]. Gd2O3 has several potential applications in biomedicine, too. For example, it is used in magnetic resonance imaging, since it exhibits superparamagnetism and involves T1
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Published 07 Mar 2014

Constant-distance mode SECM as a tool to visualize local electrocatalytic activity of oxygen reduction catalysts

  • Michaela Nebel,
  • Thomas Erichsen and
  • Wolfgang Schuhmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 141–151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.14

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  • recessed electrodes have already been reported [33][34] and a further miniaturization of the modified surface area is therefore possible. Furthermore, immobilization of the catalyst powder within the cavity of the recessed microelectrode allows for avoiding any binder additive such as, e.g., Nafion that is
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Published 07 Feb 2014

Optimization of solution-processed oligothiophene:fullerene based organic solar cells by using solvent additives

  • Gisela L. Schulz,
  • Marta Urdanpilleta,
  • Roland Fitzner,
  • Eduard Brier,
  • Elena Mena-Osteritz,
  • Egon Reinold and
  • Peter Bäuerle

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 680–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.77

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  • conversion efficiencies up to 3.0% and external quantum efficiencies up to 40% were obtained through the use of 1-chloronaphthalene as solvent additive in the fabrication of the photovoltaic devices. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy investigations of the photoactive layer gave insight into the
  • ]. This work further investigates the effect of a solvent additive on active layer film formation and relates the findings to the solar cell performance [30]. Experimental Materials and methods: Tetrahydrofuran (THF, Merck) was dried under reflux over sodium/benzophenone (Merck) and distilled
  • )) [21]. In order to investigate the effect of a solvent additive on the photovoltaic performance, a series of devices was made by varying the amount of 1-chloronaphthalene (CN) in CB from 0.125 to 0.75% wt./vol. All results are shown in Table 2 and the J–V curve for the best performing device (0.375% CN
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Published 24 Oct 2013

Structural and electronic properties of oligo- and polythiophenes modified by substituents

  • Simon P. Rittmeyer and
  • Axel Groß

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 909–919, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.101

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  • that the band gap of the vinyl-bridged polymer with an annulated phenyl ring is even further decreased to 0.25 eV. Obviously, the effects of adding π-extending substituents and including vinyl bridges are roughly additive and can be combined in order to tailor the band gap. Influence of doping on the
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Published 27 Dec 2012
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  • containing Zn(NO3), Co(NO3), nitric acid, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as an additive, 300 nm diameter Zn1−xCoxO nanowires with x ranging from 0.01 to 0.05 were grown [94]. The synthesis and properties of semiconducting CdTe and CdS nanowires are being investigated for their potential in photodetector and
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Published 17 Dec 2012

Effect of spherical Au nanoparticles on nanofriction and wear reduction in dry and liquid environments

  • Dave Maharaj and
  • Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 759–772, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.85

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  • nanoparticles prove to be a good potential lubricant as it lowers the coefficient of friction and minimizes wear. Further studies with other nano-objects under dry conditions and as an additive to water or other low-viscosity liquids could open up the possibilities for new types of hybrid lubricants. Such
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Published 15 Nov 2012

Directed deposition of silicon nanowires using neopentasilane as precursor and gold as catalyst

  • Britta Kämpken,
  • Verena Wulf,
  • Norbert Auner,
  • Marcel Winhold,
  • Michael Huth,
  • Daniel Rhinow and
  • Andreas Terfort

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 535–545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.62

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  • deposition of polymer films is microcontact printing [47], which is generally considered advantageous since it is an “additive” method. In this particular case the need for dichloromethane or a similar solvent makes this process unsuitable due to the well-known swelling of the stamp material with these
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Published 25 Jul 2012

FTIR nanobiosensors for Escherichia coli detection

  • Stefania Mura,
  • Gianfranco Greppi,
  • Maria Laura Marongiu,
  • Pier Paolo Roggero,
  • Sandeep P. Ravindranath,
  • Lisa J. Mauer,
  • Nicoletta Schibeci,
  • Francesco Perria,
  • Massimo Piccinini,
  • Plinio Innocenzi and
  • Joseph Irudayaraj

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 485–492, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.55

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  • , and carbohydrates, and their mid-infrared (MIR) spectra can be used for the identification and structural characterization of different pathogens and subspecies [27]. MIR spectra are additive and sensitive, and allow the fingerprinting and quantification of the pathogen of interest, transforming the
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Published 03 Jul 2012

Conducting composite materials from the biopolymer kappa-carrageenan and carbon nanotubes

  • Ali Aldalbahi,
  • Jin Chu,
  • Peter Feng and
  • Marc in het Panhuis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 415–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.48

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  • commonly referred to as E407 (European Union specification) as well as being approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as a direct food additive [40]. Recent demonstrations of other applications include their use in drug delivery for the inhibition of viral infections [41][42]. Glycerin (or glycerol
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Published 23 May 2012
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  • compliances and were inverted to complex elasticities and as, where i = 1,2, as shown in Figure 7a. Since elasticities of parallel mechanical elements are additive, the stiffness of the hydrated water interacting with the probe can be derived as shown in Figure 7b. The above mentioned response of the
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Published 19 Mar 2012

Modeling noncontact atomic force microscopy resolution on corrugated surfaces

  • Kristen M. Burson,
  • Mahito Yamamoto and
  • William G. Cullen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 230–237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.26

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  • and a quasi-one-dimensional corrugated surface. The following sections develop the calculation on the assumption that interactions are pairwise additive, beginning with a Lennard-Jones interaction between two atoms [24]. The formalism here closely follows that of [11], in which a detailed analytical
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Published 13 Mar 2012
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