Atomic force acoustic microscopy reveals the influence of substrate stiffness and topography on cell behavior

• Yan Liu,
• Li Li,
• Xing Chen,
• Ying Wang,
• Meng-Nan Liu,
• Jin Yan,
• Liang Cao,
• Lu Wang and
• Zuo-Bin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2329–2337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.223

• undeveloped surfaces are slightly more aligned to the stiffer axis ((22.6 ± 1.521)% to (29.97 ± 4.57)%). In contrast, the L929 cells grown on the reference glass substrate appear disorganized and have no preferential orientation (Figure 3f–l). These results suggest that the stiffness of the stripe patterns

• vertically aligned. The cell nuclei were stained blue with DAPI, and F-actin was stained green with Alexa Fluor 488. (m) Elongation of the cells on the patterned stiffness surfaces and on the reference glass substrate. (n) Size of the cells on the patterned stiffness surfaces and on the reference glass

Design of a nanostructured mucoadhesive system containing curcumin for buccal application: from physicochemical to biological aspects

• Sabrina Barbosa de Souza Ferreira,
• Gustavo Braga,
• Évelin Lemos Oliveira,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva,
• Hélen Cássia Rosseto,
• Lidiane Vizioli de Castro Hoshino,
• Mauro Luciano Baesso,
• Wilker Caetano,
• Craig Murdoch,
• Helen Elizabeth Colley and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2304–2328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.222

Four self-made free surface electrospinning devices for high-throughput preparation of high-quality nanofibers

• Yue Fang and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2261–2274, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.218

• . Ding et al. [10] electrospun nanofibers using a multiple-jet ES system. Krishnamoorthy et al. [11] demonstrated an ES setup consisting of 24 (8 × 3) nozzles for the large-scale production of aligned ceramic nanofibers. Kim et al. [12] developed an upward high-speed cylinder-type ES system with 120

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications

• Alberto Boretti,
• Lorenzo Rosa,
• Jonathan Blackledge and
• Stefania Castelletto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2128–2151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.207

Nanostructured and oriented metal–organic framework films enabling extreme surface wetting properties

• Andre Mähringer,
• Julian M. Rotter and
• Dana D. Medina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1994–2003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.196

• array of pillar-like structures with a cross-section of 20–30 nm and evident gaps between the pillars of about 150 nm for both samples (see Figure 2B,C). Cross-section SEM micrographs clearly visualize an array of vertically aligned MOF needles on the surface plane. In addition, a uniform film thickness

• crystallites are well-aligned orthogonal to the surface plane, X-ray grazing incidence wide-angle scattering (GIWAXS) experiments were performed (see Figure 2B,C). GIWAXS analysis of the obtained films confirmed the successful on-surface deposition of crystalline M-CAT-1 materials. The collected out-of-plane

• substrate dimensions such as 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm. The resulting MOF films on glass substrates reveal a blue-tinted, yet transparent coating (see Figure 5C,F). A top view SEM micrograph revealed the typical orthogonally aligned needle-like nanostructures on the surface, similar to the M-CAT-1 films grown on gold

Charge-transfer interactions between fullerenes and a mesoporous tetrathiafulvalene-based metal–organic framework

• Manuel Souto,
• Joaquín Calbo,
• Samuel Mañas-Valero,
• Aron Walsh and
• Guillermo Mínguez Espallargas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.183

• and solvents employed for the syntheses were of high purity and were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co., and TCI. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns were recorded using 0.7 mm borosilicate capillaries that were aligned on an Empyrean PANalytical powder diffractometer, using Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.54056 Å

Precise local control of liquid crystal pretilt on polymer layers by focused ion beam nanopatterning

• Maxim V. Gorkunov,
• Irina V. Kasyanova,
• Vladimir V. Artemov,
• Alena V. Mamonova and
• Serguei P. Palto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1691–1697, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.164

• particular LC alignments are highly valuable. Thin polymer layers induce either vertical alignment of nematic LCs, with the director oriented orthogonally to the interface plane, or planar alignment, with the director aligned in parallel to this plane. It was empirically established half a century ago that

• example, helps avoiding topological defects [11] and accelerates switching of vertically aligned LC cells [12]. It is quantitatively characterized by the pretilt angle between the director and the surface plane. Surfaces stabilizing pretilted alignments remain rare and require more complex fabrication

• of chromolane (spin-coated from 0.1 wt % ethanol solution and then dried at 95 °C). Note that in such a cell geometry, when the LC is vertically aligned at the top substrate, the difference between optical phase retardations of differently polarized normally incident light is fully determined by the

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

• -phenylenevinylene) molecular units are oriented in parallel to the long axis of the aligned rods that were formed at the air–water interface from its homogeneous solution in chloroform. The excitation preferences between inter- and intra-fiber can be altered by controlling the arrangement of the aligned rods. In

• environments of closely packed nanorods (when the inter-rod distance was less than ca. 70 nm), enhanced excitation transfer was observed, indicating that fluorescence would be efficiently enhanced within well-aligned nanorods prepared at the air–water interface. Inorganic low-dimensional nanomaterials often

• exhibit interesting properties [209][210][211][212][213][214][215]. Such materials can be also nano-engineered at liquid interfaces. Niederberger and co-workers successfully fabricated two-dimensionally aligned arrays of one-dimensional W18O49 nanowires and used them for H2-sensing at room temperature

Pure and mixed ordered monolayers of tetracyano-2,6-naphthoquinodimethane and hexathiapentacene on the Ag(100) surface

• Robert Harbers,
• Timo Heepenstrick,
• Dmitrii F. Perepichka and
• Moritz Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1188–1199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.118

• distances from [35], and van der Waals radii from [32]. The structure is composed of parallel rows of molecules aligned along their long axes. The major intermolecular interactions are given by hydrogen bonds between the four cyano groups at the corners and hydrogen atoms on the long sides of the molecule

Influence of dielectric layer thickness and roughness on topographic effects in magnetic force microscopy

• Alexander Krivcov,
• Jasmin Ehrler,
• Marc Fuhrmann,
• Tanja Junkers and
• Hildegard Möbius

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1056–1064, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.106

• reduced by using a dielectric layer between substrate and nanoparticles. Magnetic nanoparticles in the superparamagnetic state are used in this work in order to distinguish between electrostatic and magnetic signal. The magnetic vector of the superparamagnetic nanoparticle is aligned along the field of

Nanoscale optical and structural characterisation of silk

• Meguya Ryu,
• Reo Honda,
• Adrian Cernescu,
• Arturas Vailionis,
• Armandas Balčytis,
• Jitraporn Vongsvivut,
• Jing-Liang Li,
• Denver P. Linklater,
• Elena P. Ivanova,
• Vygantas Mizeikis,
• Mark J. Tobin,
• Junko Morikawa and
• Saulius Juodkazis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 922–929, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.93

• absorbance at several azimuth angles, θ, it was possible to determine the molecular alignment within the fibril structure. Here, we demonstrate the use of the technique on the thinnest silk section of 100 nm. The well-aligned amide bands were measured in transmission mode at wavelengths that are much longer

• degummed single-strand silk fibers. The long axis of the fibers was predominantly vertical. (b) Optical image of white silk fibers through an optically aligned polariser–analyser (high-transmission) setup under white-light illumination using a Nikon MPlan 10× DIC objective lens with numerical aperture NA

Magnetic field-assisted assembly of iron oxide mesocrystals: a matter of nanoparticle shape and magnetic anisotropy

• Julian J. Brunner,
• Marina Krumova,
• Helmut Cölfen and
• Elena V. Sturm (née Rosseeva)

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 894–900, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.90

• elongated superstructures with sizes up to several tens of micrometres aligned along the direction of the applied magnetic field (Figure 2b). This observation proves that the assembly process of the nanocrystals to superlattices was significantly affected by an external magnetic field and it further

• ) indicate the presence of the additional nanocrystal orientations within the mesocrystalline structure (aligned perpendicular to the substrate). The additional diffraction reflections can be indexed as [112]magnetite and [114]magnetite zone axis, indicating that some particles within adjacent layers orient

• applied external magnetic field (120 mT). The mesocrystals were elongated in the same direction and aligned along the direction of the used magnetic field. TEM images of two directed mesocrystals and their corresponding ED and FFT patterns. The large yellow circles indicate the positions where the EDs and

Comparing a porphyrin- and a coumarin-based dye adsorbed on NiO(001)

• Sara Freund,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Nathalie Marinakis,
• Edwin C. Constable,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Catherine E. Housecroft and
• Thilo Glatzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 874–881, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.88

• . Interestingly, only two types of islands (type 1 and type 2) were found on the sample surface. In both types, molecular rows are aligned with two distinguishable angles (α and β) with respect to the [010] direction of the substrate (see red and blue dotted lines in Figure 3a–c. Both molecular alignments are

• islands suggesting, again, flat lying adsorbed dye molecules. In contrast to the Cu-TCPP islands, the molecular rows are aligned only along one angle ±(15 ± 1°) with respect to the [010] direction. More precise information, including the mesh parameters a3 and b3 and the angle θ3 between these vectors can

• axis aligned along vector a3, whereas the second pair is oriented along b3 and an angle θ3 of 86 ± 1° is measured between these vectors. The lattice parameters a3 and b3 lie in the range of 3.5 ± 0.1 nm and 1.5 ± 0.1 nm, respectively and the molecular density is measured to be D3 = 0.74 ± 0.2 nm−2. The

Co-doped MnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles: magnetic anisotropy and interparticle interactions

• Bagher Aslibeiki,
• Parviz Kameli,
• Hadi Salamati,
• Giorgio Concas,
• Maria Salvador Fernandez,
• Alessandro Talone,
• Giuseppe Muscas and
• Davide Peddis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 856–865, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.86

• cations occupy the Td and Oh sites, respectively. The cations within the same kind of interstitial site are ferromagnetically ordered due to oxygen-mediated superexchange interactions (JTd–Td and JOh–Oh). Additionally, the two sub-lattices are antiferromagnetically aligned, but with uncompensated moments

Periodic Co/Nb pseudo spin valve for cryogenic memory

• Nikolay Klenov,
• Yury Khaydukov,
• Sergey Bakurskiy,
• Roman Morari,
• Igor Soloviev,
• Vladimir Boian,
• Thomas Keller,
• Mikhail Kupriyanov,
• Anatoli Sidorenko and
• Bernhard Keimer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 833–839, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.83

• zero field if the sample is saturated before in a positive field. In a periodic pseudo-spin-valve structure one cannot exclude noncoherent switching of the F layers. Such a stacking fault in the antiferromagnetically aligned system may lead to the suppression or even destruction of the spin-valve

• ferromagnetically aligned segment in the AP aligned lattice, this will lead to a substantial increase of the total magnetic moment (see the red dot in Figure 4b) which is in strong disagreement with the SQUID data. Thus we rule out the presence of stacking faults in our sample. Thus in this work we considered the

• segment were present in the AP aligned structure. Acknowledgements We would like to thank V. L. Aksenov for fruitful discussions. The theoretical investigations in this work were supported by grant No. 18-72-10118 of the Russian Science Foundation. MK acknowledges the partial support by the Program of

Capillary force-induced superlattice variation atop a nanometer-wide graphene flake and its moiré origin studied by STM

• Loji K. Thomas and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 804–810, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.80

• . Figure 1c is a zoomed-in region on the graphene flake imaged by STM, exhibiting a hexagonal superlattice of periodicity 3.2 nm that is aligned at an angle of 57.3° with the horizontal as illustrated in Figure 1e. Here, all angles are measured with respect to the horizontal as a reference line. At this

Features and advantages of flexible silicon nanowires for SERS applications

• Hrvoje Gebavi,
• Vlatko Gašparić,
• Dubravko Risović,
• Nikola Baran,
• Paweł Henryk Albrycht and
• Mile Ivanda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 725–734, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.72

• -plated horizontally synthesized SiNWs with commercially available vertically aligned SiNWs for SERS applications utilizing 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (4-MPBA) as a test molecule. To the best of our knowledge, flexible horizontally oriented SiNWs and the benefits of flexible hot spots for SERS have not

Hydrophilicity and carbon chain length effects on the gas sensing properties of chemoresistive, self-assembled monolayer carbon nanotube sensors

• Juan Casanova-Cháfer,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Eduard Llobet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 565–577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.58

• effect is related to the length of the carbon chain and, in consequence, to the concentration of carboxyl groups that are accessible to nitrogen dioxide molecules. When short length carbon chain thiols are used (see Figure S2a, Supporting Information File 1) a vertically aligned SAM can be easily formed

Site-specific growth of oriented ZnO nanocrystal arrays

• Rekha Bai,
• Dinesh K. Pandya,
• Sujeet Chaudhary,
• Veer Dhaka,
• Vladislav Khayrudinov,
• Jori Lemettinen,
• Christoffer Kauppinen and
• Harri Lipsanen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 274–280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.26

• electrodeposition technique. Further, vertically aligned periodic nanocrystal (NC) growth is engineered at predefined positions on polymer-coated ITO substrates patterned with ordered pores. The vertical alignment of ZnO NCs along the c-axis is achieved via ion-by-ion nucleation-controlled growth for patterned

• collected on the substrate. However, in applications like solar cells based on core/shell ZnO nanocrystals, site-specific growth of the well-aligned nanocrystals is quite important. Therefore, the position-controlled oriented growth of ZnO NC array architectures is highly desirable for practical

• positions by employing polymer-coated ITO substrates patterned with periodic ordered pores. The growth of c-axis-aligned twin ZnO nanocrystal arrays was achieved at specific sites via a low-temperature electrodeposition technique with excellent control over orientation, dimension, and location. The effect

Mechanism of silica–lysozyme composite formation unravelled by in situ fast SAXS

• Tomasz M. Stawski,
• Daniela B. van den Heuvel,
• Rogier Besselink,
• Dominique J. Tobler and
• Liane G. Benning

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 182–197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.17

• -through cell with embedded quartz capillary (ID 1.7 mm, wall thickness 50 µm; aligned with the X-ray beam) using a peristaltic pump (Gilson MiniPuls 3, flow ca. 500 mL/min; tubing: ID 2 mm, total length 2 m; reactor-to-cell-distance: 0.7 m of tubing). All experiments were conducted at 21 °C. Once a SAXS

Wet chemistry route for the decoration of carbon nanotubes with iron oxide nanoparticles for gas sensing

• Hussam M. Elnabawy,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Badawi Anis,
• Mostafa Fedawy,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Ahmed S. G. Khalil,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Xavier Vilanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 105–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.10

• of Fe 2p with a fitting curve for sample C (a), O 1s (b) and C 1s (c) for the samples A (black curve), B (red curve) and C (green curve). The C 1s spectra has been normalized and aligned. XRD pattern for Fe2O3 nanoparticles (a) and decorated CNTs with Fe2O3 nanoparticles (b). Electrical resistance of

Threshold voltage decrease in a thermotropic nematic liquid crystal doped with graphene oxide flakes

• Mateusz Mrukiewicz,
• Krystian Kowiorski,
• Paweł Perkowski,
• Rafał Mazur and
• Małgorzata Djas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 71–78, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.7

• optical microscope (POM) technique. In the all liquid crystal composites, the GO flakes were well dispersed. The liquid crystal cells exhibited uniform color, indicating that the rod-like molecules were uniformly aligned. However, Figure 3b–e, illustrates some GO aggregation. The size and quantity of the

• effects which can be interpreted as the decrease of the elastic constants. In our opinion the reason is related to the alignment of 5CB with respect to the 0.2 wt % GO flakes. When we added more GO flakes, the molecules of 5CB were not aligned properly and the threshold voltage was reduced. It was easier

• image and (b) AFM height image of the selected GO flake sample. Liquid crystal textures of 5CB doped with graphene oxide flakes, captured at 23 °C. The optical polarizing images were taken in planar aligned cells for: a) the pure 5CB and 5CB-GO suspensions at concentration of b) 0.05 wt %, c) 0.1 wt

A comparison of tarsal morphology and traction force in the two burying beetles Nicrophorus nepalensis and Nicrophorus vespilloides (Coleoptera, Silphidae)

• Liesa Schnee,
• Benjamin Sampalla,
• Josef K. Müller and
• Oliver Betz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 47–61, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.5

• that their dorsal side was attached to a microscope slide, with their tenent setae being exposed away from the animal. The tarsi were aligned in the horizontal direction, all five tarsomeres being straightened out and immobilized. Tribological measurements were performed with the nanotribometer NTR2

Bidirectional biomimetic flow sensing with antiparallel and curved artificial hair sensors

• Claudio Abels,
• Antonio Qualtieri,
• Toni Lober,
• Alessandro Mariotti,
• Lily D. Chambers,
• Massimo De Vittorio,
• William M. Megill and
• Francesco Rizzi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 32–46, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.4

• sensors aligned in forward and backward flow direction with reference to the two bending axes of the cantilevers. For both experiments, the velocity range between 12 and 32 m s−1 was applied to measure the electrical response of the flow sensors. During the experiments, the built-in Wheatstone bridge

Size limits of magnetic-domain engineering in continuous in-plane exchange-bias prototype films

• Alexander Gaul,
• Daniel Emmrich,
• Timo Ueltzhöffer,
• Henning Huckfeldt,
• Hatice Doğanay,
• Johanna Hackl,
• Muhammad Imtiaz Khan,
• Daniel M. Gottlob,
• Gregor Hartmann,
• André Beyer,
• Dennis Holzinger,
• Slavomír Nemšák,
• Claus M. Schneider,
• Armin Gölzhäuser,
• Günter Reiss and
• Arno Ehresmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2968–2979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.276

• line, Figure 2h) and much higher than for = 0° and = 90°, indicating that the magnetization direction within these regions is not parallel aligned with respect to the engineered unidirectional anisotropy direction. This corroborates the finding of wide DW tails into the domains, caused by the

• application of an in-plane magnetic field of 95 kA·m−1 during ion bombardment. The samples were aligned with their initial EB-field direction pointing antiparallel to the external magnetic field of the holder. 15 keV helium ion bombardment was performed on an area of 500 μm × 500 μm consisting of 216 × 216