pH-Triggered release from surface-modified poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles

• Manuel Häuser,
• Klaus Langer and
• Monika Schönhoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2504–2512, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.260

• ). An aliquot (20.0 µL) of homogenized nanoparticle dispersion was transferred to a disposable aluminium weighing dish, which was weighted previously. The filled weighing dish was dried for at least four hours in a drying cabinet (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., USA) at 80 °C. The particle concentration

Large area scanning probe microscope in ultra-high vacuum demonstrated for electrostatic force measurements on high-voltage devices

• Urs Gysin,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Thomas Schmölzer,
• Adolf Schöner,
• Sergey Reshanov,
• Holger Bartolf and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2485–2497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.258

• Fermi-level position on SiC samples is strongly affected by surface preparation and material properties [44]. Figure 6 shows a KPFM measurement of a SiC calibration sample consisting of a 2 μm thick nitrogen-doped n-type (NN = 2 × 1018 cm−3) followed by a 4 μm thick aluminium doped p-type (NAl = 1

A single-source precursor route to anisotropic halogen-doped zinc oxide particles as a promising candidate for new transparent conducting oxide materials

• Daniela Lehr,
• Markus R. Wagner,
• Johanna Flock,
• Julian S. Reparaz,
• Clivia M. Sotomayor Torres,
• Alexander Klaiber,
• Thomas Dekorsy and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2161–2172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.222

• ], most attention was devoted to n-doping via substitution in the cation (Zn2+) lattice. The most prominent example known to date is aluminium-doped ZnO (AZO) [21][22]. AZO contains much more common elements compared to ITO, however, it cannot yet compete regarding its electrical properties. Much less

Distribution of Pd clusters on ultrathin, epitaxial TiO_x films on Pt₃Ti(111)

• Christian Breinlich,
• Maria Buchholz,
• Marco Moors,
• Tobias Pertram,
• Conrad Becker and
• Klaus Wandelt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2007–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.204

• the Moiré superstructure of ultrathin aluminium oxide films grown on the chemically ordered, Ni3Al(111) surface [11][12][13][14]. The advantages of growing an oxide film from a component of an ordered alloy surface with a higher enthalpy of oxide formation are the somewhat better structural quality of

Radiation losses in the microwave K_u band in magneto-electric nanocomposites

• Talwinder Kaur,
• Sachin Kumar,
• Jyoti Sharma and
• A. K. Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1700–1707, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.173

• , samples have been moulded in rectangular shape using an aluminium die. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is used as a hardener to enhance the strength of the pellet. The incident electromagnetic wave continually gets reflected and scattered within the PANI and embedded particles and get entrapped causing a loss of

Structural and magnetic properties of iron nanowires and iron nanoparticles fabricated through a reduction reaction

• Marcin Krajewski,
• Wei Syuan Lin,
• Hong Ming Lin,
• Katarzyna Brzozka,
• Sabina Lewinska,
• Natalia Nedelko,
• Anna Slawska-Waniewska,
• Jolanta Borysiuk and
• Dariusz Wasik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1652–1660, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.167

• empty sample holder, the holder with nanowires and the holder with nanoparticles are presented in Figure 2. All of them contain the signals originating from aluminium, carbon and oxygen. This is caused by usage of the aluminium holder, which has been covered with graphite to allow for the conduction of

Nanomechanical humidity detection through porous alumina cantilevers

• Olga Boytsova,
• Alexey Klimenko,
• Vasiliy Lebedev,
• Alexey Lukashin and
• Andrey Eliseev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1332–1337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.137

• behavior of the resonance frequency of porous anodic alumina cantilever arrays during water vapor adsorption and emphasize their possible use in the micromechanical sensing of humidity levels at least in the range of 10–22%. The sensitivity of porous anodic aluminium oxide cantilevers (Δf/Δm) and the

• of the cantilever arrays for micromechanical sensing. Keywords: anodic aluminium oxide; atomic force microscopy (AFM); cantilever arrays; humidity; mechanical sensor; porous alumina; Introduction The last two decades have seen a surge in resonant micro- and nanomechanical engineering raised by the

• through porosity”. One promising porous system exhibiting all the necessary characteristics is anodic aluminium oxide (AAO). Its huge surface area offers an enormous number of binding sites. The adsorption of chemicals on the surface of the cantilever manifests itself by the shift of the resonance

Charge carrier mobility and electronic properties of Al(Op)₃: impact of excimer formation

• Andrea Magri,
• Pascal Friederich,
• Bernhard Schäfer,
• Valeria Fattori,
• Xiangnan Sun,
• Timo Strunk,
• Velimir Meded,
• Luis E. Hueso,
• Wolfgang Wenzel and
• Mario Ruben

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1107–1115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.112

• carrier mobility of the organic semiconductor tris(1-oxo-1H-phenalen-9-olate)aluminium(III) (Al(Op)3) both experimentally and theoretically. We experimentally estimated the HOMO and LUMO energy levels to be −5.93 and −3.26 eV, respectively, which were close to the corresponding calculated values. Al(Op)3

High sensitivity and high resolution element 3D analysis by a combined SIMS–SPM instrument

• Yves Fleming and
• Tom Wirtz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1091–1099, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.110

• included inside the γ matrix. Figure 2c and Figure 2d show the overlay between the AFM and the SIMS mapping after sputtering a 15 × 15 µm2 area for 16 h. Given that the initial sample surface was flat (root mean squared roughness of 1.1 nm), it can be noticed that the aluminium-containing γ′ phase sputters

From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries

• Philipp Adelhelm,
• Pascal Hartmann,
• Conrad L. Bender,
• Martin Busche,
• Christine Eufinger and
• Juergen Janek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1016–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.105

• or stop at a different stoichiometry. Two notable exceptions exist that might be of advantage for sodium cells. Aluminium forms binary alloys with lithium but not with sodium. Therefore, aluminium instead of the more expensive copper can be used as a current collector for the negative electrode in

Morphology control of zinc oxide films via polysaccharide-mediated, low temperature, chemical bath deposition

• Florian Waltz,
• Hans-Christoph Schwarz,
• Andreas M. Schneider,
• Stefanie Eiden and
• Peter Behrens

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 799–808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.83

• where highly conductive materials are required (e.g., solar cells and light emitting diodes (LEDs)), ZnO must be doped. Several groups have reported the successful doping of ZnO films with dopants such as magnesium [21], iodine [22], boron [23][24], titanium [25], manganese [26], and aluminium [27][28

Influence of gold, silver and gold–silver alloy nanoparticles on germ cell function and embryo development

• Ulrike Taylor,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Wilfried A. Kues,
• Stephan Barcikowski and
• Detlef Rath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 651–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.66

• . (C) TEM-EDX line scan with inset showing high-angular annular dark field micrograph. (D) TEM micrograph of a Ag50Au50 nanoparticle dispersion after stabilisation with BSA. (E) Aluminium batch chamber for the synthesis of silver and gold–silver alloy nanoparticles. Reproduced with permission from [50

Silica micro/nanospheres for theranostics: from bimodal MRI and fluorescent imaging probes to cancer therapy

• Shanka Walia and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 546–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.57

• deposition of a silica layer on aluminium oxide and then to this solution trimethoxy(octadecyl)silane (C18-silane) was added. Next, to this silica microemulsion mixture the fluorescent material rhodamine B (RhB) was added. Finally, Fe3O4 NPs were introduced inside gold-capped nanotubes. The structure and

Filling of carbon nanotubes and nanofibres

• Reece D. Gately and
• Marc in het Panhuis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 508–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.53

• surface or alters their morphology in undesired ways (e.g., reduction in length). Due to this challenge, much research has been focussed on producing CNTs that are open at both ends. This has been achieved by using an anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) film as a template for the thermal decomposition of

Advances in NO₂ sensing with individual single-walled carbon nanotube transistors

• Kiran Chikkadi,
• Matthias Muoth,
• Cosmin Roman,
• Miroslav Haluska and
• Christofer Hierold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2179–2191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.227

• later be removed selectively, it is possible to improve the contact resistance as well as reduce the hysteresis simultaneously, as shown by Khamis et al. [66] with organic layers, and Liu et al. [17] with an aluminium oxide layer. Another possibility is to eliminate dielectrics altogether, for example

Photodetectors based on carbon nanotubes deposited by using a spray technique on semi-insulating gallium arsenide

• Domenico Melisi,
• Maria Angela Nitti,
• Marco Valentini,
• Antonio Valentini,
• Teresa Ligonzo,
• Giuseppe De Pascali and
• Marianna Ambrico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1999–2006, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.208

• thickness of the CNT film and about the uniformity of its distribution on the GaAs substrate. In order to perform the electrical characterization, all the samples were mounted gluing the back side on an aluminium disk by using a silver paste, leaving the front side covered with CNTs for the light exposure

• . The voltage supply was connected to the top ITO contact whereas the sample was grounded at the rear through the aluminium support. For the calculation of QE, a typical configuration for spectral photocurrent measurements with a light source, wavelength selector and reference diode has been used

Growth and structural discrimination of cortical neurons on randomly oriented and vertically aligned dense carbon nanotube networks

• Christoph Nick,
• Sandeep Yadav,
• Ravi Joshi,
• Christiane Thielemann and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1575–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.169

• guidance systems for cells. General scheme for the fabrication of spatially deposited CNT islands. (a) A photoresist is lithographically structured; b) defined aluminium and iron layers were evaporated onto the substrate. After removing the photoresist the catalyst islands of bimetallic Al/Fe are spatially

Dry friction of microstructured polymer surfaces inspired by snake skin

• Martina J. Baum,
• Lars Heepe,
• Elena Fadeeva and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1091–1103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.122

• , Tokyo, Japan) at an acceleration voltage of 2–3 kV and a Hitachi TM3000 (Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) at an acceleration voltage of 5 kV. Prior to visualization, the material was fixed to the aluminium stub with a carbon-bearing adhesive pad and sputter-coated with a 20 nm thick

Nanostructure sensitization of transition metal oxides for visible-light photocatalysis

• Hongjun Chen and
• Lianzhou Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 696–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.82

• nanocrystal by micro-emulsion under ultrasound [57]. Co-axial arrays of CdS/TiO2 core/shell structures were also reported to be fabricated by an anodic aluminium oxide template [58]. This type of configuration can not only protect the quantum dots from photocorrosion, but also increases the contact interface

Injection of ligand-free gold and silver nanoparticles into murine embryos does not impact pre-implantation development

• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wiebke Garrels,
• Annette Barchanski,
• Svea Peterson,
• Laszlo Sajti,
• Andrea Lucas-Hahn,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Ulrich Baulain,
• Sabine Klein,
• Wilfried A. Kues,
• Stephan Barcikowski and
• Detlef Rath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 677–688, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.80

• ][17][18][19][20], nickel (NiNP) [21], zinc oxide (ZnONP) [22][23], titanium dioxide (TiO2NP) [23][24][25], aluminium trioxide (Al2O3NP) [23] and copper (CuNP) [22][25]. Toxic effects were observed after exposure to AgNP, CuNP, ZnONP and NiNP. AuNP, TiO2NP and Al2O3NP, on the other hand, seemed to be

Hairy suckers: the surface microstructure and its possible functional significance in the Octopus vulgaris sucker

• Francesca Tramacere,
• Esther Appel,
• Barbara Mazzolai and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 561–565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.66

• , the freshly explanted suckers were fixed in 70% ethanol. Small portions of the acetabulum and infundibulum were dehydrated and then, critical point dried by using a critical point drying apparatus (E3000 Series, Quorum Technologies, UK). Dried samples were mounted on aluminium stubs and sputter coated

New hybrid materials based on poly(ethyleneoxide)-grafted polysilazane by hydrosilylation and their anti-fouling activities

• Thi Dieu Hang Nguyen,
• François-Xavier Perrin and
• Dinh Lam Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 671–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.75

• (glass, polycarbonate, aluminium, steel, etc.) combined with a high brightness, a non-stick surface, and the resistance to heat, fire and UV irradiation. Poly(ethylene oxide) or poly(oxyethylene) (PEO) is a non-toxic polymer, which is used as a surface-modification agent, because it is effective in

Preparation of electrochemically active silicon nanotubes in highly ordered arrays

• Tobias Grünzel,
• Young Joo Lee,
• Karsten Kuepper and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 655–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.73

• SiO2 coating only reaches a depth on the order of 10 µm. Note that the maximal depth of the deposit could be increased by larger pore diameters and/or optimized experimental conditions [19][20]. The uncoated depth of the aluminium oxide matrix remains chemically and electrochemically inert, and thus

• . The copper plate is in contact with a cold plate connected to a closed-circuit cooler by Haake, whereas the setup is thermally insulated laterally. The aluminium plates were first electropolished for 4 min under +20 V in a solution prepared by mixing one part HClO4 (70%) with three parts EtOH. They

AFM as an analysis tool for high-capacity sulfur cathodes for Li–S batteries

• Renate Hiesgen,
• Seniz Sörgel,
• Rémi Costa,
• Linus Carlé,
• Ines Galm,
• Natalia Cañas,
• Brigitta Pascucci and
• K. Andreas Friedrich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 611–624, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.68

• ) and ethanol (99.5%, VWR) 50/50 vol %. After the suspensions were thoroughly mixed for 24 h, they were sprayed on aluminium current collectors (99.45%, Alfa Aesar, thickness: 0.025 mm) by using an air-atomising internal mixing nozzle (LECHLER GmbH) piloted by a 3D axis robot. The coating was performed

A highly pH-sensitive nanowire field-effect transistor based on silicon on insulator

• Denis E. Presnov,
• Sergey V. Amitonov,
• Pavel A. Krutitskii,
• Valentina V. Kolybasova,
• Igor A. Devyatov,
• Vladimir A. Krupenin and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 330–335, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.38

• and contact pads. Aluminium mask e-beam vapour deposition. Anisotropic reactive ion etching of the device layer through the Al mask and mask removal. Magnetron sputtering of titanium electrodes and their isolation with silica to allow measurements in liquids. Both optical and electron-beam lithography