Dielectric properties of a bisimidazolium salt with dodecyl sulfate anion doped with carbon nanotubes

• Doina Manaila Maximean,
• Viorel Cîrcu and
• Constantin Paul Ganea

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 164–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.19

• in the LF domain (0.01 to 107 Hz), equipped with WinDETA software. The temperature was controlled within 0.2 K, at a constant ac voltage of 0.5 V. Schematic representation of the bilayer interdigitated SmA phase of the ILC based on bisimidazolium salts with alkyl sulfate ion. POM pictures of

Beyond Moore’s technologies: operation principles of a superconductor alternative

• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Alexander L. Gudkov and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2689–2710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.269

Refractive index sensing and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy using silver–gold layered bimetallic plasmonic crystals

• Somi Kang,
• Sean E. Lehman,
• Matthew V. Schulmerich,
• An-Phong Le,
• Tae-woo Lee,
• Stephen K. Gray,
• Rohit Bhargava and
• Ralph G. Nuzzo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2492–2503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.249

• material. Here we examine a bilayer/multi-metallic Ag/Au plasmonic crystal (PC) motif that is characterized by higher analytical sensitivity and more strongly enhanced electric fields than our previously reported monometallic PC systems. Manipulating the composition of the thin metal films, their spatial

• (45,000 Δ%T·nm/RIU) is nearly ≈1.41 times that of the Au thin film PC (32,000 Δ%T·nm/RIU). Higher mass-fractions of Ag in the bilayer stack progressively weaken the plasmonic response, as seen in the lower values of the FOM. Transmission spectra measured in water provide an important qualitative insight

• observed here in this work. Conclusion The influence of the mass coverage of Ag and Au thin films as well as the geometrical parameters of the nanohole arrays of bimetallic (bilayer) plasmonic crystals were characterized through multispectral bulk RI sensing and SERS measurements combined with insights

Expanding the molecular-ruler process through vapor deposition of hexadecanethiol

• Alexandra M. Patron,
• Timothy S. Hooker,
• Daniel F. Santavicca,
• Corey P. Causey and
• Thomas J. Mullen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2339–2344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.233

• enables direct comparison of thickness to MHDA molecules. Figures 2A and 2B show representative 2 µm × 2 µm and 500 nm × 500 nm atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of a Cu-ligated MHDA-C16 bilayer formed from the solution deposition of MHDA for 18 h, Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O for 5 min, and C16 for 1 h. Figure 2C

• images of a Cu-ligated MHDA-C16 bilayer formed from the solution deposition of MHDA for 18 h and Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O for 5 min followed by vapor deposition of C16 for 1 h at 80 °C. Figure 3C displays a representative cursor profile across several islands as indicated by the red line in Figure 3B. The apparent

• height of these protruding islands (3.6 ± 0.2 nm) is consistent with the least-protruding C16 islands of the Cu-ligated MHDA-C16 bilayers formed via solution deposition. Protruding islands of greater thicknesses are not observed. The surface morphology of the Cu-ligated MHDA-C16 bilayer formed via vapor

Evaluating the toxicity of TiO₂-based nanoparticles to Chinese hamster ovary cells and Escherichia coli: a complementary experimental and computational approach

• Alicja Mikolajczyk,
• Natalia Sizochenko,
• Ewa Mulkiewicz,
• Anna Malankowska,
• Michal Nischk,
• Przemyslaw Jurczak,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Grzegorz Nowaczyk,
• Adriana Zaleska-Medynska,
• Jerzy Leszczynski,
• Agnieszka Gajewicz and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2171–2180, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.216

• (Fe/N-co-doped) TiO2 nanocomposite particles were detectably cytotoxic [22]. More complex nanostructures of TiO2 bilayer nanosheets doped with bismuth tungstate (Bi2WO6) nanoclusters demonstrated enhanced antimicrobial activity towards E. coli: the bacteria population continuously decreased with the

Ta₂N₃ nanocrystals grown in Al₂O₃ thin layers

• Krešimir Salamon,
• Maja Buljan,
• Iva Šarić,
• Mladen Petravić and
• Sigrid Bernstorff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2162–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.215

• of Ta within this sample, we examine the in-depth XPS spectra for different Ar+ sputtering times. The results are shown in Figure 6, displaying the change of the fraction of Ta–N and Ta–O bonds with depth over one bilayer. Again, the periodic variation of the Ta–N concentration is consistent with the

Intercalation of Si between MoS₂ layers

• Rik van Bremen,
• Qirong Yao,
• Soumya Banerjee,
• Deniz Cakir,
• Nuri Oncel and
• Harold J. W. Zandvliet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1952–1960, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.196

• structure of the MoS2–silicene–MoS2 hetero-trilayer. The calculated interlayer distance in a pristine MoS2 bilayer is found to be 3.00 Å. Insertion of a silicene monolayer enlarges the interlayer separation between MoS2 layers from 3 Å to 6.52 Å, corresponding to an increase of the interlayer separation of

• 3.52 Å. In order to study the possible formation of silicene between the MoS2 monolayers, we consider a buckled 2D silicon cluster (Si37) consisting of six-membered silicon rings. We used a 7 × 7 super-cell structure for the MoS2 bilayer. Initial and equilibrium geometries for both a free-standing as

• resultant fitted spectra. Top and side views of silicene intercalated in bilayer MoS2. Initial (left) and equilibrium (right) structure of (a) a free standing and (b) an intercalated silicon cluster (Si37). Supporting Information Supporting Information File 92: Additional experimental data

Coexistence of strongly buckled germanene phases on Al(111)

• Weimin Wang and
• Roger I. G. Uhrberg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1946–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.195

• bilayer germanene on Cu(111) at room temperature. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy showed a “V” shaped density of states, which was also observed by Zhang et al. [12], who synthesized germanene on MoS2 at room temperature. Al(111) was chosen as a substrate to deposit germanene by Derivaz et al. [13] with

Adsorption and diffusion characteristics of lithium on hydrogenated α- and β-silicene

• Fadil Iyikanat,
• Ali Kandemir,
• Cihan Bacaksiz and
• Hasan Sahin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1742–1748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.175

• -hydrogenated silicene exhibits ferromagnetic semiconducting behavior with a band gap of 0.95 eV [27]. Hydrogenation leads indirect-to-direct gap transitions in bilayer silicene [28]. In the experimental study of Qiu et al., the ordered and reversible hydrogenation of silicene was performed [29]. Moreover

Parylene C as a versatile dielectric material for organic field-effect transistors

• Tomasz Marszalek,
• Maciej Gazicki-Lipman and
• Jacek Ulanski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1532–1545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.155

• degradation of IDS, measured in the OFET encapsulated with Parylene C (1 μm) may be attributed to the slow penetration of water vapor and oxygen through the encapsulation layer. The decrease in the permeability of water vapor and oxygen through the bilayer encapsulation film has been attributed to the sealing

• of grain boundaries by the smoothness of the BCB layer. However, it only works when Parylene C/BCB bilayer system is used. By applying a bilayer encapsulation system, the defects in the Parylene C film underneath are blocked by the BCB layer. The permeation path for water vapor and oxygen becomes

Adsorption and electronic properties of pentacene on thin dielectric decoupling layers

• Sebastian Koslowski,
• Daniel Rosenblatt,
• Alexander Kabakchiev,
• Klaus Kuhnke,
• Klaus Kern and
• Uta Schlickum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1388–1395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.140

• case of Au(111) and Cu(111), KCl grows as a bilayer, whereas on Cu(110), a monolayer growth was observed. The right graph indicates the deviation of the HOMO–LUMO gap of pentacene on the respective surfaces (Egap) from its unperturbed gas-phase gap (Egap,0). Experimentally determined energies for Ea

Vapor-phase-synthesized fluoroacrylate polymer thin films: thermal stability and structural properties

• Paul Christian and
• Anna Maria Coclite

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 933–942, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.95

• packing of the fluorinated pendant chains into a bilayer structure of distance d = 3.18 ± 0.02 nm (corresponding to a scattering vector qz = 1.98 nm−1) [4]. Thus, the Bragg peak in Figure 5a is identified as the 002 reflection of this lamellar packing (data depicting the 001 reflection is provided in

• -prepared sample. Upon recrystallization under cooling, the Bragg peaks are slightly shifted towards higher q-values (see Figure 5a,b); the bilayer distance is reduced with respect to the as-prepared state and minor relaxation has occurred in the p-PFDA unit cell. While this difference diminishes in

• ; atomic force micrographs depicting larger scales; X-ray reflectivity scan evidencing the bilayer structure of p-PFDA. Acknowledgements The work was funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [Grant P26993]. The authors gratefully acknowledge Roland Resel for interesting and helpful scientific discussions

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

• electrical characteristics of CuO–graphene bilayer structure has been modified largely due to the electronic interaction at the hybrid interface. The O2 intake capacity of the multilayer graphene results in reversible bipolar resistive switching properties [217]. Zhou et al. prepared graphene-wrapped CuO

Comparison of four methods for the biofunctionalization of gold nanorods by the introduction of sulfhydryl groups to antibodies

• Xuefeng Wang,
• Zhong Mei,
• Yanyan Wang and
• Liang Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 372–380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.39

• solution and the CTAB bilayer density [15]. The common ligand exchange is the replacement of the CTAB of GNR with thiol-terminated ligands, such as thiolated poly(ethylene glycol) and mercaptoundecanoic acid [10][11]. These agents can link the amino groups of biomolecules with the carboxylic group from

• cationic surfactant bilayer [17][24], because of the replacement of CTAB by thiolated anti-IgG [17][25]. Anti-IgG were detected in thiolation and nanoconjugates with GNRs, but not in free GNRs, by gel electrophoresis followed by Coomassie brilliant blue staining (Figure S1, Supporting Information File 1

Impact of contact resistance on the electrical properties of MoS₂ transistors at practical operating temperatures

• Filippo Giannazzo,
• Gabriele Fisichella,
• Aurora Piazza,
• Salvatore Di Franco,
• Giuseppe Greco,
• Simonpietro Agnello and
• Fabrizio Roccaforte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.28

• to transfer the exfoliated MoS2 flakes onto the SiO2 surface that was previously cleaned using solvents and a soft O2 plasma treatment. Finally, source and drain contacts were obtained by deposition and lift-off of a Ni(50 nm)/Au(100 nm) bilayer. The temperature-dependent electrical characterization

Tunable plasmons in regular planar arrays of graphene nanoribbons with armchair and zigzag-shaped edges

• Cristian Vacacela Gomez,
• Michele Pisarra,
• Mario Gravina and
• Antonello Sindona

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 172–182, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.18

• above about 2 eV. These excitations, shown in Figure 2b–e, are analogous to the well-known π and π–σ plasmons of graphene [51][52], as displayed in Figure 2a. Similar features occur in bilayer graphene [51], multilayer graphene [52], graphene–metal interfaces [53][54][55][56][57][58][59] and graphite

Nitrogen-doped twisted graphene grown on copper by atmospheric pressure CVD from a decane precursor

• Ivan V. Komissarov,
• Nikolai G. Kovalchuk,
• Vladimir A. Labunov,
• Ksenia V. Girel,
• Olga V. Korolik,
• Mikhail S. Tivanov,
• Algirdas Lazauskas,
• Mindaugas Andrulevičius,
• Tomas Tamulevičius,
• Viktoras Grigaliūnas,
• Šarunas Meškinis,
• Sigitas Tamulevičius and
• Serghej L. Prischepa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 145–158, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.15

• are formed due to the overlap of the Dirac cones in the k-space. The controlled injection of defects, which cause strain, is an extra degree of freedom in addition to the number of layers. This may account for the unique properties of TG. In particular, it was shown that the strained TG bilayer could

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of self-assembled thiol monolayers and supported lipid membranes on thin anodic porous alumina

• Marco Salerno,
• Amirreza Shayganpour,
• Barbara Salis and
• Silvia Dante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 74–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.8

• ), and then with phospholipid vesicles of different composition to form a supported lipid bilayer (SLB). At each step, the SERS substrate functionality was assessed, demonstrating acceptable enhancement (≥100×). The chemisorption of thiols during the first step and the formation of SLB from the vesicles

• the physisorption of coating layers of functional materials [20][21]. The main component of the biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of all living cells from the outside environment is a phospholipid bilayer. For this reason, as well as for the complexity of real samples of

• resemble the plasma membrane composition both for charge and acyl chain length and unsaturation grade. However, the reason for the choice of DOTAP is technical, associated with the fabrication of artificial bilayer membranes [29][30]. The lipids are larger molecules than the thiols and present richer

Annealing-induced recovery of indents in thin Au(Fe) bilayer films

• Anna Kosinova,
• Ruth Schwaiger,
• Leonid Klinger and
• Eugen Rabkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2088–2099, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.199

• strain in thin films. Here, we present the results of a study investigating the recovery of indentation-induced defects in Au(Fe) bilayer films. The motivation for our work is two-fold: (i) to explore the concept of thermo-mechanical treatment of thin films by combining localized plastic strain

• by Iijima and Yamazaki [17]. At the temperature of 700 °C employed in the present study, the full intermixing of a 50 nm thick bilayer takes less than 1 s, and, therefore, in what follows we will refer to the Au(Fe) bilayers as a single-phase face-centered cubic dilute solid solution of Fe in Au, or

Intercalation and structural aspects of macroRAFT agents into MgAl layered double hydroxides

• Dessislava Kostadinova,
• Ana Cenacchi Pereira,
• Muriel Lansalot,
• Franck D’Agosto,
• Elodie Bourgeat-Lami,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Christine Taviot-Guého,
• Sylvian Cadars and
• Vanessa Prevot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2000–2012, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.191

• compared to pristine MgAl-NO3 LDH from 1.36 nm to 2.33 nm. Depending on the nature of the units involved into the macroRAFT copolymer (only AA or AA and BA), the intercalation led to monolayer or bilayer arrangements within the interlayer space. The macroRAFT intercalation and the molecular structure of

• with a bilayer arrangement of the copolymers. The two most intense peaks are due to the hydroxide layers containing Mg/Al cations. The carboxylate groups from the AA units and the end group of CTPPA would cause maxima at the outer parts of the interlayer space at a distance of ≈0.39 nm from the center

• monolayer in the interlamellar domain whereas the presence of BA units into the chain induced a bilayer arrangement whatever the chain length. Contrarily to what may be expected, based on NMR experiments, the negatively-charged AA units did not appear to interact sizeably more strongly with the LDH host

Electric field induced structural colour tuning of a silver/titanium dioxide nanoparticle one-dimensional photonic crystal

• Eduardo Aluicio-Sarduy,
• Simone Callegari,
• Diana Gisell Figueroa del Valle,
• Andrea Desii,
• Ilka Kriegel and
• Francesco Scotognella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1404–1410, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.131

• force microscopy (AFM) images of a Ag layer, a TiO2 layer and the top surface of a five bilayer Ag/TiO2 photonic crystal, all deposited on glass/ITO substrates, are presented in the Supporting Information File 1 (Figure S1) and show that the silver nanoparticle layer has the highest surface roughness

• among the different samples. This is due to the large size of the silver nanoparticles and the formation of large aggregates. Notably, the lowest surface roughness was found for the top TiO2 surface layer of the five bilayer photonic crystal (Figure S1c of Supporting Information File 1). The formation

• nm. This value is lower than the sum of five single Ag and TiO2 layers deposited directly on the substrate (60 nm and 120 nm, respectively), confirming the conclusions of the AFM analysis. Nevertheless, we consider that this intermixing is confined to the interface region and that a bilayer structure

On the pathway of cellular uptake: new insight into the interaction between the cell membrane and very small nanoparticles

• Claudia Messerschmidt,
• Daniel Hofmann,
• Anja Kroeger,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Volker Mailänder and
• Ingo Lieberwirth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1296–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.121

• is approximately 4 nm (Figure 5A,D). This roughly is the thickness of two lipid tails in a phospholipid membrane. The distinct contrast in the STEM micrograph is attributed to the existence of C–C double bonds in the bilayer structure, which are stained by OsO4. Furthermore, micrographs show

• assume that this large area coverage hinders the final vesicle pinch-off from the cell membrane. The additional silica layer on the cell membrane prevents the intimate membrane–membrane contact necessary for the coalescence of the membrane lipid bilayer at the point of pinch-off. Furthermore, the

• higher compared to the cell membrane. Nonetheless, it is remarkable that quite a little difference in NP size results in completely different uptake morphologies. From molecular dynamics simulations of two curvature imprinting particles on a lipid bilayer membrane we learn, that the membrane mediates

Thickness dependence of the triplet spin-valve effect in superconductor–ferromagnet–ferromagnet heterostructures

• Daniel Lenk,
• Vladimir I. Zdravkov,
• Jan-Michael Kehrle,
• Günter Obermeier,
• Aladin Ullrich,
• Roman Morari,
• Hans-Albrecht Krug von Nidda,
• Claus Müller,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko,
• Siegfried Horn,
• Rafael G. Deminov,
• Lenar R. Tagirov and
• Reinhard Tidecks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 957–969, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.88

• (PWF), which decays exponentially and oscillates as a function of space [5][6][7]. As a consequence, interference effects occur, if the PWF is reflected at the outer border of the F-layer of a S/F bilayer, yielding an oscillating superconducting transition temperature as a function of the F-layer

• discussion of the decay length see also [52]). However, only the singlet component enters the self-consistency equation for the superconducting gap and is, thus, the only component directly affecting Tc [14][15]. For uniform magnetization of the F-layer in a S/F bilayer and collinear magnetizations in F/S/F

• solubility of Nb in Cu is extremely small under ambient conditions, the Nb–Ni phase diagram shows a certain solubility of Nb in Ni and vice versa [69]. In this case the bilayer with the thinnest Cu41Ni59 layer would show the largest reduction of mat. However, the opposite is observed. There may be several

Reconstitution of the membrane protein OmpF into biomimetic block copolymer–phospholipid hybrid membranes

• Matthias Bieligmeyer,
• Franjo Artukovic,
• Stephan Nussberger,
• Thomas Hirth,
• Thomas Schiestel and
• Michaela Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 881–892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.80

• more and more interest, as the properties of such assemblies can be steadily varied between the characteristics of a lipid bilayer and that of synthetic polymer membranes. By simply mixing lipids and amphiphilic polymers, a plethora of possible chemical and mechanical characteristics of polymeric

• a circular aperture with a diameter of 400 µm in the partitioning wall of a custom-built black lipid bilayer Teflon chamber. The volume of each compartment, separated by the partionining wall, was 5 mL [67]. PIPEO/DPhPC in chloroform (10 µL) was applied around the aperture of the chamber and allowed

• (Axon CV203 BU) connected to the bilayer chambers by a pair of custom-made Ag/AgCl electrodes. Current signals were filtered at 2 kHz and digitally sampled at 10 kHz with an Axon Digidata 1322A digitizer controlled by the Clampex 10.2 software (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, USA). Synthesis of PIPEO

Highly compact refractive index sensor based on stripe waveguides for lab-on-a-chip sensing applications

• Chamanei Perera,
• Kristy Vernon,
• Elliot Cheng,
• Juna Sathian,
• Esa Jaatinen and
• Timothy Davis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 751–757, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.66

• . First, the RI sensor designs and alignment marks were patterned on a 300 nm bilayer PMMA resist (950 k A4 / 495 k A4 PMMA resist from Microchem GmbH) using electron beam lithography (JEOL-7800 FE-SEM with Raith Quantum Elphy) with a beam current of ≈75 pA and 20 kV acceleration voltage under optimal

• dose of 280 μC/cm2. The patterned PMMA bilayer was then developed for 30 seconds in MIBK/IPA 1:3 solution. 30 nm Ag was evaporated on the developed sample using the PVD 75 e-beam evaporator under a slow rate of 0.1 angstrom per second. A scanning electron microscope image was obtained (Figure 3) which

• shows the successfully survived sensor designs after lift-off in acetone bath. Second, a 300 nm bilayer PMMA resist was spincoated on top of the structures to pattern the sample window on top of the sample arm. Then, the sample windows were patterned in the second EBL step. Finally, the patterned