Current-induced runaway vibrations in dehydrogenated graphene nanoribbons

• Rasmus Bjerregaard Christensen,
• Jing-Tao Lü,
• Per Hedegård and
• Mads Brandbyge

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 68–74, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.8

• transverse ribbon direction. This opens the possibilities of realizing various electronic devices, especially field-effect transistors, using graphene nanoribbons. Atomically precise ribbons [2], as well as more advanced ribbon-based structures [3][4], have been fabricated “bottom-up” on metal surfaces. The

A single-source precursor route to anisotropic halogen-doped zinc oxide particles as a promising candidate for new transparent conducting oxide materials

• Daniela Lehr,
• Markus R. Wagner,
• Johanna Flock,
• Julian S. Reparaz,
• Clivia M. Sotomayor Torres,
• Alexander Klaiber,
• Thomas Dekorsy and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2161–2172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.222

• require quite demanding, high-vacuum equipment, correct process parameters are often difficult to find, and nanostructures different from thin films cannot be obtained. For the preparation of semiconductor nanomaterials such as colloidal particles, quantum dots or porous materials bottom-up synthesis

• routes in the liquid phase are commonly applied [35][36][37]. Whereas, bottom-up techniques such as the sol–gel process for metal oxides [38][39] work perfectly for the generation of an entire zoo of nanostructures, to realize at the same time intentional doping of those nanostructures is extremely

• semiconductors and the potential of bottom-up methods enabling control over materials morphology. The mentioned problem could be solved, if one uses special molecules for materials synthesis. So-called molecular single-source precursors (MSSPs) contain, on the molecular level, all required elements for the final

Selective porous gates made from colloidal silica nanoparticles

• Roberto Nisticò,
• Paola Avetta,
• Paola Calza,
• Debora Fabbri,
• Giuliana Magnacca and
• Dominique Scalarone

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2105–2112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.215

• hexagonally ordered pores were also employed as substrate for MCM-48 silica films, giving promising results [4][23][24]. The sol–gel polymerization process is a key procedure for the bottom-up synthesis of nano- and mesoporous silica films and in the literature there are several reviews focusing on this field

Template-controlled mineralization: Determining film granularity and structure by surface functionality patterns

• Nina J. Blumenstein,
• Jonathan Berson,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Petia Atanasova,
• Johannes Baier,
• Joachim Bill and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1763–1768, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.180

• role in nature – and more and more in technology [1][2]. Increasingly complex structures can evolve from using principles of self-organization in a bottom-up approach rather than from lithography-based top-down approaches. The key issue for intelligent self-assembly of complex structures is the design

How decision analysis can further nanoinformatics

• Matthew E. Bates,
• Sabrina Larkin,
• Jeffrey M. Keisler and
• Igor Linkov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1594–1600, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.162

• regulatory agencies to process and use the data. The vision of nanoinformatics is to address this problem by identifying the information necessary to support specific decisions (a top-down approach) and collecting and visualizing these relevant data (a bottom-up approach). Current nanoinformatics efforts

• , storing, sharing, analyzing, modeling, and applying that information” [3]. This definition implies the integration of top-down methods for assessing scientific community needs with bottom-up methods for data collection and management [4][5]. Such integration will enhance the reproducibility and

• according to their properties and environmental and health implications, including their compliance scores [1]. These efforts all focus on developing resources that satisfy the bottom-up part of the nanoinformatics definition presented above. The top-down part, in which the appropriateness of information to

DNA–melamine hybrid molecules: from self-assembly to nanostructures

• Rina Kumari,
• Shib Shankar Banerjee,
• Anil K. Bhowmick and
• Prolay Das

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1432–1438, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.148

• molecules can result in unique DNA-based nanostructures for application in molecular and cellular biophysics, as biomimetic systems, in energy transfer and photonics, and in diagnostics and therapeutics [18][19][20][21]. Moreover, as a bottom-up technique, such a methodology can contribute to molecular

Electron-stimulated purification of platinum nanostructures grown via focused electron beam induced deposition

• Brett B. Lewis,
• Michael G. Stanford,
• Jason D. Fowlkes,
• Kevin Lester,
• Harald Plank and
• Philip D. Rack

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 907–918, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.94

• carbon content versus electron dose. Interestingly cross-sectional TEM studies revealed that the process occurred bottom-up where the purification rate is fastest at the end of the electron-beam range in the PtCx deposit and eventually propagates to the surface. Our previous electron-stimulated

Microwave assisted synthesis and characterisation of a zinc oxide/tobacco mosaic virus hybrid material. An active hybrid semiconductor in a field-effect transistor device

• Shawn Sanctis,
• Rudolf C. Hoffmann,
• Sabine Eiben and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 785–791, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.81

• and 2D biological molecules as structure-directing agents, enabling a "bottom-up" approach for building these complex nanoarchitectures. Among the several biological templates, the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) has shown great potential to function as a robust biological template for the deposition of a

Magnetic properties of self-organized Co dimer nanolines on Si/Ag(110)

• Lisa Michez,
• Kai Chen,
• Fabien Cheynis,
• Frédéric Leroy,
• Alain Ranguis,
• Haik Jamgotchian,
• Margrit Hanbücken and
• Laurence Masson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 777–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.80

• magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD); Introduction In the last fifteen years, bottom-up approaches have provided promising routes for creating a wide range of nanostructures with new magnetic, electronic, photonic or catalytic properties. Such approaches are based on growth phenomena after atoms and

• understanding of the physics of the magnetic state. Although less developed, the fabrication of nanostructures of true atomic dimension using a bottom-up approach can result in a deeper insight into the fundamental understanding of their intrinsic properties. For instance, the study of surface-supported two

A versatile strategy towards non-covalent functionalization of graphene by surface-confined supramolecular self-assembly of Janus tectons

• Ping Du,
• David Bléger,
• Fabrice Charra,
• Vincent Bouchiat,
• David Kreher,
• Fabrice Mathevet and
• André-Jean Attias

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 632–639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.64

• -assembled monolayers at surfaces represent a major challenge for potential applications in various fields of nanotechnology [9][10]. Among the various manufacturing routes, bottom-up approaches [11] are particularly promising. They exploit supramolecular chemistry on surfaces to generate specific 2D

Raman spectroscopy as a tool to investigate the structure and electronic properties of carbon-atom wires

• Alberto Milani,
• Matteo Tommasini,
• Valeria Russo,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Andrea Lucotti,
• Franco Cataldo and
• Carlo S. Casari

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 480–491, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.49

• techniques can be used to produce sp carbon wires in several forms, mainly by bottom-up approaches [5]. Physical techniques are mostly based on the rapid quenching of a carbon vapor in various environments. Supersonic carbon cluster sources based on the arc discharge between graphite electrodes (i.e., the

Synthesis, characterization, monolayer assembly and 2D lanthanide coordination of a linear terphenyl-di(propiolonitrile) linker on Ag(111)

• Zhi Chen,
• Svetlana Klyatskaya,
• José I. Urgel,
• David Écija,
• Olaf Fuhr,
• Willi Auwärter,
• Johannes V. Barth and
• Mario Ruben

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 327–335, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.31

• years, significant strides have been made in the understanding and the application of nanofabrication from the "bottom-up" perspective [13][14][15][16][17]. The tailored design, controlled formation, and in-depth characterization of self-assembled, molecular and periodic heterostructures (ranging over

Green preparation and spectroscopic characterization of plasmonic silver nanoparticles using fruits as reducing agents

• Jes Ærøe Hyllested,
• Marta Espina Palanco,
• Nicolai Hagen,
• Klaus Bo Mogensen and
• Katrin Kneipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 293–299, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.27

• can be mainly divided into top down and bottom up processes. Top down processes consist of physical processes where a solid is broken down into nanoparticles as it appears for example during laser ablation of nanoparticles from a macroscopic piece of metal [7][8]. Nanoparticles made by a physical

• process such as laser ablation have the advantage of being “chemically clean” with no impurities on their surfaces introduced by the chemical preparation process. In the bottom up approach, nanoparticles are created from even smaller structures such as silver ions, which are the outcome of a chemical

• process. The most popular process among the bottom up methods might be the preparation of silver and gold nanoparticles in aqueous solution by the reduction of silver and gold salts using sodium citrate or sodium borohydride as reducing agent [9]. Recently it has been identified that also plant extracts

Functionalization of α-synuclein fibrils

• Simona Povilonienė,
• Vida Časaitė,
• Virginijus Bukauskas,
• Arūnas Šetkus,
• Juozas Staniulis and
• Rolandas Meškys

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 124–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.12

• human neurodegenerative diseases and microbial physiological processes [4]. The principles of self-assembly of amyloidogenic elements together with their observed polymorphism have been found to be beneficial for the design and development of novel nanostructures and nanomaterials from the bottom up [5

Inorganic Janus particles for biomedical applications

• Isabel Schick,
• Steffen Lorenz,
• Dominik Gehrig,
• Stefan Tenzer,
• Wiebke Storck,
• Karl Fischer,
• Dennis Strand,
• Frédéric Laquai and
• Wolfgang Tremel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2346–2362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.244

• The wet chemical approach for the synthesis of hetero-nanoparticles enables the control of the kinetics of the phase formation and the particle growth via the bottom-up approach. Therefore, solid state diffusion barriers become negligible for phase formation and the sequence of phases is controlled by

Nanobioarchitectures based on chlorophyll photopigment, artificial lipid bilayers and carbon nanotubes

• Marcela Elisabeta Barbinta-Patrascu,
• Stefan Marian Iordache,
• Ana Maria Iordache,
• Nicoleta Badea and
• Camelia Ungureanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2316–2325, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.240

• obtaining these nanobioarchitectures is simple, efficient, economical (requiring small quantities of raw materials) and eco-friendly. It involves safe, self-assembly steps and ultrasound treatments in a bottom-up approach to build biocidal and antioxidant nanomaterials. Cholesterol-containing biohybrids

Influence of stabilising agents and pH on the size of SnO₂ nanoparticles

• Olga Rac,
• Patrycja Suchorska-Woźniak,
• Marta Fiedot and
• Helena Teterycz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2192–2201, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.228

• reaction is one of the oldest preparation methods for various, poorly soluble, chemical compounds, including metal oxides. Currently, it is also one of the "bottom-up" preparation methods for colloidal systems of metal oxides. The advantage of this method lies undoubtedly in its simplicity, but also the

Towards bottom-up nanopatterning of Prussian blue analogues

• Virgile Trannoy,
• Marco Faustini,
• David Grosso,
• Sandra Mazerat,
• François Brisset,
• Alexandre Dazzi and
• Anne Bleuzen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1933–1943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.204

• optical and electron beam lithography. Here, we explore the possibilities of elaborating nanopatterned surfaces by a pure bottom-up approach. The nanopatterned surfaces are mainly built from molecular precursors in solution through a succession of chemical steps. The advantages of this approach are very

High speed e-beam lithography for gold nanoarray fabrication and use in nanotechnology

• Jorge Trasobares,
• François Vaurette,
• Marc François,
• Hans Romijn,
• Jean-Louis Codron,
• Dominique Vuillaume,
• Didier Théron and
• Nicolas Clément

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1918–1925, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.202

• ][14] and information technology [14][15]. Combined top-down/bottom-up fabrication with versatile and well-controlled fabrication of gold nanoarrays coupled with (bio)molecules self-assembly offer great promises for fundamental research on molecular electronics [4][8] or high-throughput screening based

The influence of molecular mobility on the properties of networks of gold nanoparticles and organic ligands

• Edwin J. Devid,
• Paulo N. Martinho,
• M. Venkata Kamalakar,
• Úna Prendergast,
• Christian Kübel,
• Tibebe Lemma,
• Jean-François Dayen,
• Tia. E. Keyes,
• Bernard Doudin,
• Mario Ruben and
• Sense Jan van der Molen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1664–1674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.177

• nature, self-assembly is a bottom-up method to fabricate structures at all scales from nanometer-sized ingredients. In this way, new functional materials can be created with properties that are, in principle, based on the specific functionality of their building blocks [1]. An interesting approach, used

Near-field photochemical and radiation-induced chemical fabrication of nanopatterns of a self-assembled silane monolayer

• Ulrich C. Fischer,
• Carsten Hentschel,
• Florian Fontein,
• Linda Stegemann,
• Christiane Hoeppener,
• Harald Fuchs and
• Stefanie Hoeppener

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1441–1449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.156

• growth and mobility of cells on surfaces [14]. Top-down as well as bottom-up fabrication methods are applied in the field of chemical nanostructuring. Thus, chemical nanopatterns were formed by using different approaches, including electro-oxidative nanolithography [15], electron beam lithography [16

• exploited to test the resolution potential of the fabrication methods, other methods of bottom-up fabrication of the metal masks are desirable for this purpose. For the fabrication of metal masks as used here the block-copolymer micelle nanolithography [18], the silver decoration technique or other

Nano-rings with a handle – Synthesis of substituted cycloparaphenylenes

• Anne-Florence Tran-Van and
• Hermann A. Wegner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1320–1333, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.145

• template or building block for a bottom-up approach [11][12][13]. Since 2008 several groups have presented successful syntheses of CPPs with different diameters and their properties were studied [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. The main challenge of such a synthesis is, similar to C60, to

Review of nanostructured devices for thermoelectric applications

• Giovanni Pennelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1268–1284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.141

• properties on one side and material availability, sustainability, technological feasibility on the other side. The most important bottom-up and top-down nanofabrication techniques for large area silicon nanowire arrays, to be used for high efficiency thermoelectric devices, will be presented and discussed

• , nanowires have been extensively investigated for their potentialities as advanced electronic devices [68][69][70] and as sensing elements [71][72][73]. For these purposes, devices based on single, or very few, silicon nanowires have been fabricated exploiting both bottom-up and top-down approaches. However

• , devices for thermoelectric generation must be able to handle high powers, that means high currents and voltages. Thus, techniques for the massive and reliable production of a huge number of nanowires, well organized and electrically interconnected in a well determined way, need to be developed. Bottom-up

Topology assisted self-organization of colloidal nanoparticles: application to 2D large-scale nanomastering

• Hind Kadiri,
• Serguei Kostcheev,
• Daniel Turover,
• Rafael Salas-Montiel,
• Komla Nomenyo,
• Anisha Gokarna and
• Gilles Lerondel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1203–1209, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.132

• scale ordered structures. This method combines top-down and bottom-up approaches [18]. In the top-down approach a guide post template is fabricated by an electron beam lithography (EBL) technique on a silicon surface. Thereafter, on these guide posts, self-organization of polystyrene beads is conducted

• (“bottom up” approach). Many articles have reported the grapho-epitaxy of self-assembled block copolymers on two-dimensional periodically patterned templates with an aim to control the orientation of the structures [19][20]. The network obtained by the self-organization of copolymer is polycrystalline and

Model systems for studying cell adhesion and biomimetic actin networks

• Dorothea Brüggemann,
• Johannes P. Frohnmayer and
• Joachim P. Spatz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1193–1202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.131

• lipid bilayer, like the membrane of natural cells. With these attributes GUVs have gained increasing importance as bottom-up model systems in synthetic biology over the past years. GUVs can be used to study cellular functions and the interplay between various proteins, which are incorporated in the