Antimicrobial properties of CuO nanorods and multi-armed nanoparticles against B. anthracis vegetative cells and endospores

• Pratibha Pandey,
• Merwyn S. Packiyaraj,
• Himangini Nigam,
• Gauri S. Agarwal,
• Beer Singh and
• Manoj K. Patra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 789–800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.91

• (average 8 µm with a standard deviation of 1.87 µm) constitute PS2. The EDX spectrum (Figure 1d) of PS2 indicates the formation of a CuO phase with a Cu/O ratio of 1:1. On the basis of the EDX spectra it is concluded that the precursor was Cu(OH)2 (Figure 1c) which converts into CuO after calcination at

Artificial sunlight and ultraviolet light induced photo-epoxidation of propylene over V-Ti/MCM-41 photocatalyst

• Van-Huy Nguyen,
• Shawn D. Lin,
• Jeffrey Chi-Sheng Wu and
• Hsunling Bai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 566–576, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.67

• photocatalyst. The XRD pattern indicates a mesoporous hexagonal lattice with a clear feature of (100). The (110) and (200) peaks are not well-separated, maybe due to the high calcination temperature of 823 K [33]. The HRTEM image of V-Ti/MCM-41 in Figure 3 reveals a uniform hexagonal structure, which is a

Study of mesoporous CdS-quantum-dot-sensitized TiO₂ films by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and AFM

• Mohamed N. Ghazzal,
• Robert Wojcieszak,
• Gijo Raj and
• Eric M. Gaigneaux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 68–76, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.6

• titania films (degradation of the template agent and inorganic network consolidation) were then obtained by calcination in air at 400 °C over 2 h with a rising step of 1 °C min−1. Preparation of QDs-CdS-sensitized TiO2 QDs-CdS were prepared following the procedure previously described by Besson et al. [9

Template based precursor route for the synthesis of CuInSe₂ nanorod arrays for potential solar cell applications

• Mikhail Pashchanka,
• Jonas Bang,
• Niklas S. A. Gora,
• Ildiko Balog,
• Rudolf C. Hoffmann and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 868–874, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.98

• product consisted of separated parallel nanorod bundles. The nanorod diameter was about 100 nm and the length 5 μm, which is in full agreement with the pore sizes of the utilized polycarbonate templates. The material demonstrated good stability after calcination at 450 °C, all nanorods had a smooth

Controlled synthesis and tunable properties of ultrathin silica nanotubes through spontaneous polycondensation on polyamine fibrils

• Jian-Jun Yuan,
• Pei-Xin Zhu,
• Daisuke Noda and
• Ren-Hua Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 793–804, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.90

• . These 10-nm nanotubes were hierarchically organized in a mat-like morphology with a typical size of 1–2 micrometers. The subsequent removal of organic LPEI via calcination resulted in silica nanotubes that keep this morphology. The morphology, the structure, the pore properties and the formation

• calcination of hybrid nanotubes of LPEI@silica in an N2 atmosphere showed a distinct photoluminescence centered at 540 nm with a maximum excitation wavelength of 320 nm. Furthermore, LPEI@silica hybrid nanotubes were applied to create silica–carbon composite nanotubes by alternative adsorption of ionic

• nanotubes as well as the products of a calcination at 800 °C were characterized by SEM and TEM. As shown in Figure 1A, two-dimensional silica mats with diameters of ca. 1–2 μm were observed. The high-magnification SEM image indicates that the mat is thin, and composed of very thin one-dimensional

FTIR nanobiosensors for Escherichia coli detection

• Stefania Mura,
• Gianfranco Greppi,
• Maria Laura Marongiu,
• Pier Paolo Roggero,
• Sandeep P. Ravindranath,
• Lisa J. Mauer,
• Nicoletta Schibeci,
• Francesco Perria,
• Massimo Piccinini,
• Plinio Innocenzi and
• Joseph Irudayaraj

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 485–492, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.55

• −1. The final calcination process to remove the organic template of these stabilized coatings was conducted at 350 °C for 3.5 h in air under static conditions at a heating rate of 10 °C·min−1. In this way mesoporous titania thin films were obtained and characterized as described in a previous work of

Mesoporous MgTa₂O₆ thin films with enhanced photocatalytic activity: On the interplay between crystallinity and mesostructure

• Jin-Ming Wu,
• Igor Djerdj,
• Till von Graberg and
• Bernd M. Smarsly

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 123–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.13

• (poly(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-poly(ethylene oxide)) and PIB6000 (CH3C(CH3)2(CH2C(CH3)2)107CH2C(CH3)2C6H4O(CH2CH2O)100H), was the key to achieving a stable ordered mesoporous structure even upon crystallization of MgTa2O6 within the mesopore walls. The effect of the calcination temperature on the ability

• of the mesoporous films to assist the photodegradation of rhodamine B in water was studied. As a result, two maxima in the photocatalytic activity were identified in the calcination temperature range of 550–850 °C, peaking at 700 °C and 790 °C, and the origin of this was investigated by using

• , Kato and Kudo reported that MgTa2O6 that had been synthesized by calcination of mixtures of Ta2O5 and MgCO3 showed photocatalytic water-decomposition activity without cocatalysts [10]. Due to the inherent coarse-grain structure of MgTa2O6 powders fabricated by the solid-state reaction, their

Synthesis and catalytic applications of combined zeolitic/mesoporous materials

• Jarian Vernimmen,
• Vera Meynen and
• Pegie Cool

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 785–801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.87

• formed. The carbon matrix is removed by calcination. Finally, the amorphous silica is dissolved by refluxing the material in boiling water, resulting in the formation of mesoporous silicalite-1. Reprinted from [98]. Copyright 2007, with permission from Elsevier. Conceptional approach for the synthesis of

Template-assisted formation of microsized nanocrystalline CeO₂ tubes and their catalytic performance in the carboxylation of methanol

• Jörg J. Schneider,
• Meike Naumann,
• Christian Schäfer,
• Armin Brandner,
• Heiko J. Hofmann and
• Peter Claus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 776–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.86

• Chemistry II, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstr. 20, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.2.86 Abstract Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)/ceria composite fibres were synthesized by using a sequential combination of polymer electrospinning, spray-coating with a sol, and a final calcination step

• to yield microstructured ceria tubes, which are composed of nanocrystalline ceria particles. The PMMA template is removed from the organic/inorganic hybrid material by radio frequency (rf) plasma etching followed by calcination of the ceramic green-body fibres. Microsized ceria (CeO2) tubes, with a

• are finally followed by dry O2 plasma etching and calcination to yield microsized ceria tubes composed of nanocrystalline, entangled ceria tubes which display a macroscopic matlike material morphology. Our process, however, is significantly different to the TUFT process in which both components, i.e

Approaches to nanostructure control and functionalizations of polymer@silica hybrid nanograss generated by biomimetic silica mineralization on a self-assembled polyamine layer

• Jian-Jun Yuan and
• Ren-Hua Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 760–773, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.84

• after calcination [28]. Importantly, the attractive feature of this simple approach is that the nanosilicas can be created in a reliable and programmable way with a hierarchical nanostructure and complex morphology [29][30][31]. Very recently, we found that this crystalline LPEI is further capable of

• calcination. We have previously shown that crystalline LPEI aggregates can be used as catalyst-active templates for the deposition of titania by using water-soluble titanium bislactates (TC315) as a source at room temperature, which led to the formation of LPEI@titania fibrous powder in solution [43] and a 50

• that titania deposition selectively occurs on the template of the LPEI@silica nanograss, and that no nontemplated deposition takes place due to the absence of LPEI in the solution. Calcination of this LPEI@silica@titania at 500 °C resulted in the formation of a silica@titania composite nanograss

Nanostructured, mesoporous Au/TiO₂ model catalysts – structure, stability and catalytic properties

• Matthias Roos,
• Dominique Böcking,
• Kwabena Offeh Gyimah,
• Gabriela Kucerova,
• Joachim Bansmann,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Ute Kaiser,
• Nicola Hüsing and
• R. Jürgen Behm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 593–606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.63

• tetraisopropoxide and Pluronic P123 on planar Si(100) substrates, calcination at 350 °C and subsequent Au loading by a deposition–precipitation procedure, followed by a final calcination step for catalyst activation. The structural and chemical properties of these model systems were characterized by X-ray

• calcination in air at 350 °C for 3 h, with a ramp rate of 1 K min−1. For the N2 sorption and inductively coupled plasma ionization spectroscopy (ICP–OES) measurements, a larger quantity of the titania material was needed: The remaining coating solution was cast in petri dishes and aged analogously to the thin

• maximum at 2Θ = 1.35, indicating repeating unit distances of 6.54 nm (data not shown). Upon calcination, the material crystallized and anatase nanocrystallites formed at temperatures above 350 °C; crystallization was completed with increasing temperature (600 °C). Further heat treatment resulted in the

Schottky junction/ohmic contact behavior of a nanoporous TiO₂ thin film photoanode in contact with redox electrolyte solutions

• Masao Kaneko,
• Hirohito Ueno and
• Junichi Nemoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 127–134, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.15

• with a coated area of 1 cm × 1 cm. For this procedure, adhesive tape (thickness about 70 μm) was used as a spacer to adjust the TiO2 film thickness to around 10 μm after calcination. The TiO2 paste film on FTO was dried at room temperature, and then calcined at 450 °C for 30 min to give a nanoporous

Room temperature synthesis of indium tin oxide nanotubes with high precision wall thickness by electroless deposition

• Mario Boehme,
• Emanuel Ionescu,
• Ganhua Fu and
• Wolfgang Ensinger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 119–126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.14

• development of applications in optoelectronics, sensors and biomedical sciences [4][5][6]. Miscellaneous methods for the fabrication of ITO nanostructures, such as the post calcination method [7], alkaline hydrolysis [8] or pulsed laser ablation [9] have been developed and used. For fabricating metal

Pore structure and surface area of silica SBA-15: influence of washing and scale-up

• Jörg P. Thielemann,
• Frank Girgsdies,
• Robert Schlögl and
• Christian Hess

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 110–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.13

• , 64287 Darmstadt, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.2.13 Abstract The removal of the surfactant (EO20PO70EO20) by washing before final calcination is a critical step in the synthesis of silica SBA-15. In contrast to washing with pure water or ethanol, washing with water and ethanol may, depending on the quantity

• a cooperative self-assembly process under acidic conditions using the triblock copolymer Pluronic 123 (EO20PO70EO20) as template and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the silica source [11]. After synthesis, the template can be removed by calcination [1][12], washing [13][14], reflux extraction [1][12

• batches they were named 3× or 9× half batches. The yield for a 1×, 3× and 9× batch was 2.5 g, 7.5 g and 25 g SBA-15. The residue carbon content of the SBA-15 determined by elemental analysis after calcination was – independent of batch size and washing procedure – 0.09 % at maximum. Details of the washing

Twofold role of calcined hydrotalcites in the degradation of methyl parathion pesticide

• Alvaro Sampieri,
• Geolar Fetter,
• María Elena Villafuerte-Castrejon,
• Adriana Tejeda-Cruz and
• Pedro Bosch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 99–103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.11

• (see Supporting Information File 1 for the experimental procedure for preparation and Supporting Information File 2 for the XRD diffractograms). The interlayer distances (d(003) ≈ 0.78 nm), in all the XRD diffractograms, is typical of carbonated HTs. After calcination at 500 °C, the HTs show X-ray

Synthesis of LiNbO₃ nanoparticles in a mesoporous matrix

• Anett Grigas and
• Stefan Kaskel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 28–33, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.3

• mild reaction conditions involved [15]. Another ingenious route to generate nanoparticles is the use of porous template materials via impregnation techniques, where the oxide is obtained by calcination of suitable precursor solutions with simultaneously removal of the carbon matrix [16][17][18]. In the

• /HCl solution and dried in an oven at 100 °C for 2 h. Calcination was carried out by slowly increasing the temperature from room temperature to 180 °C in 3 h, then maintaining the temperature at 180 °C for 3 h followed by increasing the temperature from 180 °C to 550 °C over 6 h and finally heating at

Aerosol assisted fabrication of two dimensional ZnO island arrays and honeycomb patterns with identical lattice structures

• Mitsuhiro Numata and
• Yoshihiro Koide

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 71–74, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.9

• ) × 15 (depth) cm3). After drying for 1 h in air, calcination was performed at atmospheric pressure in an oven set at 500 °C for 2 h. Subsequently, ZnO nanocrystals were grown by immersing the substrate in a cylindrical glass vessel that contained a mixed aqueous solution of zinc nitrate hexahydrate (10