Carbon nano-onions (multi-layer fullerenes): chemistry and applications

• Juergen Bartelmess and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1980–1998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.207

• materials. The following chapter summarizes the published literature regarding the reported methods for the covalent functionalization of CNOs (Scheme 1 and Table 1). In addition, we will give an overview over some CNO-containing composite materials. Except for some of these composites, the non-covalent

• , could be modified with flavonoid compounds, for the example quercitin, a compound known for its anti-inflammatory potential [49], giving rise to future applications in nanomedicine. Some additional metal oxide-containing composite materials were studied for applications as electrode materials in

• properties compared to pristine CNOs with a maximum specific capacitance of 122 F·g−1 (vs 25.8 F·g−1), a power density of 153 kW·kg−1 (vs 123 kW·kg−1) and an energy density of 8.5 Wh·kg−1 (vs 1.5 Wh·kg−1). Composite materials were studied for application in capacitors as well. The group of Echegoyen found

Synthesis of hydrophobic photoluminescent carbon nanodots by using L-tyrosine and citric acid through a thermal oxidation route

• Venkatesh Gude

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1513–1522, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.164

• : composite materials; fluorescence quenching; hydrophobic; luminescence; upconversion; Introduction The synthesis of fluorescent functional materials raised significant interest in order to understand biological processes such as DNA sequencing, detection of DNA-hybridization, protein sensing, single

Nanoporous composites prepared by a combination of SBA-15 with Mg–Al mixed oxides. Water vapor sorption properties

• Amaury Pérez-Verdejo,
• Alvaro Sampieri,
• Heriberto Pfeiffer,
• Mayra Ruiz-Reyes,
• Juana-Deisy Santamaría and
• Geolar Fetter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1226–1234, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.136

• ]. However, the design of nanocomposite materials is usually a challenging task, as it is often necessary to employ several steps with complex preparation methods. For instance, composite materials can be prepared by a combination of inorganic with organic moieties or hybrid materials, to obtain a

• composite materials. For example, basic and acidic materials such as hydrotalcite and hydroxyapatite can be combined to produce composite materials whose structure, texture and morphology are unique and determined by the interaction between them [6][7]. More specifically, these interactions determine the

• , washed with distilled water, and dried in an oven at 70 °C. The nanocomposites materials were prepared by combining suitable amounts of SBA-15 with a Mg–Al nitrated hydrotalcite to obtain composite materials with a 80/20 wt % ratio. The first procedure hereafter referred to as the post-synthesis method

Template-directed synthesis and characterization of microstructured ceramic Ce/ZrO₂@SiO₂ composite tubes

• Jörg J. Schneider and
• Meike Naumann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1152–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.126

• stability, and oxygen storage capacity [3][4]. Such ceria/zirconia solid composite materials represent solid solutions in which the Ce/Zr ratio can be adjusted over a wide range. It has been shown that CexZr1−xO2 solid solutions have enhanced structural and textural properties, improved thermal stability as

• ., for solid oxide fuel cells), SOFCs [3][5] and electrochromic smart window applications [11]. Adding silica as a support enhances the oxygen storage capacity (OSC) of such ceria–zirconia composite materials [2][4]. Besides synthetic methods such as the thermal decomposition of precursors [12], co

A nanometric cushion for enhancing scratch and wear resistance of hard films

• Katya Gotlib-Vainshtein,
• Olga Girshevitz,
• Chaim N. Sukenik,
• David Barlam and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1005–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.114

• resistance and friction of the hard thin film on the soft polymeric substrate. The FEA model allows us to understand the contribution of each component to the tribological behavior. This understanding can improve the design of composite materials for optimization of wear and friction. This work, in

Resonance of graphene nanoribbons doped with nitrogen and boron: a molecular dynamics study

• Ye Wei,
• Haifei Zhan,
• Kang Xia,
• Wendong Zhang,
• Shengbo Sang and
• Yuantong Gu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 717–725, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.84

• , photonics, composite materials, energy generation and storage, sensors, and biomedicine or bio-applications [3][4][5]. A great effort has been devoted to modify the properties of graphene to facilitate these promising applications, which leads to a variety of graphene derivatives or hybrid structures

Hole-mask colloidal nanolithography combined with tilted-angle-rotation evaporation: A versatile method for fabrication of low-cost and large-area complex plasmonic nanostructures and metamaterials

• Jun Zhao,
• Bettina Frank,
• Frank Neubrech,
• Chunjie Zhang,
• Paul V. Braun and
• Harald Giessen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 577–586, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.68

• plasmonic nanostructures as well as metamaterials. In this paper, we describe the fabrication process step by step. We manufacture a variety of different plasmonic structures ranging from simple nano-antennas over complex chiral structures to stacked composite materials for applications such as sensing

Chemi- vs physisorption in the radical functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes under microwaves

• Victor Mamane,
• Guillaume Mercier,
• Junidah Abdul Shukor,
• Jérôme Gleize,
• Aziz Azizan,
• Yves Fort and
• Brigitte Vigolo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 537–545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.63

• functionalization; grafting; microwaves; physisorption; Introduction Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are recognized to have a huge potential in a variety of applications such as electronics, composite materials, energy storage and medicine [1][2][3][4]. From bulk synthesis method, CNTs are often entangled contingent upon

AFM as an analysis tool for high-capacity sulfur cathodes for Li–S batteries

• Renate Hiesgen,
• Seniz Sörgel,
• Rémi Costa,
• Linus Carlé,
• Ines Galm,
• Natalia Cañas,
• Brigitta Pascucci and
• K. Andreas Friedrich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 611–624, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.68

• ]. Capacity fading due to structural and volume changes was reported in several publications [4][9][10][11][12][13]. Therefore, to achieve a high performance Li–S battery, it is necessary to restrict the changes in the morphology and volume of the cathode. Recent advances with graphene–sulfur composite

• materials demonstrated reasonably high and stable specific capacities of up to 600 mA·g(sulfur)−1 over more than 100 cycles [13][14]. One way to suppress the polysulfide shuttle mechanism and to enhance the sulfur retention is to coat the electrodes. This can be performed by physical vapour deposition of a

Conducting composite materials from the biopolymer kappa-carrageenan and carbon nanotubes

• Ali Aldalbahi,
• Jin Chu,
• Peter Feng and
• Marc in het Panhuis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 415–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.48

• prepared by evaporative casting. All composite films displayed sensitivity to water vapour, but MWNT films were more sensitive than SWNT films. Keywords: biopolymers; carbon nanotubes; carrageenan; composite materials; conductivity; mechanical; rheology; Introduction Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have

• . These observations are in agreement with our previous observations for biopolymer composite materials [8]. It was not possible to calculate the CNT mass or volume fractions for buckypapers, as it is unknown what was lost during the filtration process. In our previous work, we showed that the contact

• outperforming SWNT films. This work contributes toward the development of conducting biopolymer composite materials. Experimental Materials The biopolymer iota-carrageenan (KC, molecular weight range 350,000–800,000 g/mol, Genuvisco type CI-102, lot # SKS2500) was donated by CP Kelco (USA). Multiwalled carbon

Nano-FTIR chemical mapping of minerals in biological materials

• Sergiu Amarie,
• Paul Zaslansky,
• Yusuke Kajihara,
• Erika Griesshaber,
• Wolfgang W. Schmahl and
• Fritz Keilmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 312–323, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.35

• -FTIR sensitively responds to structural disorder it is well suited for the study of biomineral formation and aging. Generally, nano-FTIR is suitable for the analysis and identification of composite materials in any discipline, from testing during nanofabrication to even the clinical investigation of

Analysis of fluid flow around a beating artificial cilium

• Mojca Vilfan,
• Gašper Kokot,
• Andrej Vilfan,
• Natan Osterman,
• Blaž Kavčič,
• Igor Poberaj and
• Dušan Babič

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 163–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.16

• externally driven artificial cilia resulted in nanorods manufactured from magnetic–polymeric composite materials [4]. The cilia were actuated in a simple periodic motion by a moving permanent magnet. Metal-coated polymer films have been used for the fabrication of electrostatically driven artificial cilia

Formation of SiC nanoparticles in an atmospheric microwave plasma

• Martin Vennekamp,
• Ingolf Bauer,
• Matthias Groh,
• Evgeni Sperling,
• Susanne Ueberlein,
• Maksym Myndyk,
• Gerrit Mäder and
• Stefan Kaskel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 665–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.71

• industrial process. But, SiC nanoparticles also exhibit properties different from the bulk material and allow the creation of composite materials with new properties. Thus, their production has been studied by different methods such as the thermal pyrolysis of organic precursors [3][4][5], or plasma

Fabrication of multi-parametric platforms based on nanocone arrays for determination of cellular response

• Lindarti Purwaningsih,
• Tobias Schoen,
• Tobias Wolfram,
• Claudia Pacholski and
• Joachim P. Spatz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 545–551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.58

• . However, most of these methods have disadvantages such as high fabrication costs, lengthy preparation times, small-sized nanostructured areas (few square microns) or restricted chemical functionality due to the limited access to composite materials. In particular, the number of material surfaces that

• offer a tuneable parameter range is insufficient. In spite of the huge progress in material science, chemical and topographical surface gradients have mainly been investigated separately [13] neglecting composite materials such as semiconductor/metal structures [14][15][16][17]. Only a few attempts to

Magnetic coupling mechanisms in particle/thin film composite systems

• Giovanni A. Badini Confalonieri,
• Philipp Szary,
• Durgamadhab Mishra,
• Maria J. Benitez,
• Mathias Feyen,
• An Hui Lu,
• Leonardo Agudo,
• Gunther Eggeler,
• Oleg Petracic and
• Hartmut Zabel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 101–107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.12

• investigate the surface domain structure of the composite materials with the sample in the remanent state (Figure 6c and Figure 6d). For comparison, the corresponding AFM images are also shown (Figure 6a and Figure 6b). In the case of the ion-milled system no well-defined magnetic domain structure at