Measuring adhesion on rough surfaces using atomic force microscopy with a liquid probe

• Juan V. Escobar,
• Cristina Garza and
• Rolando Castillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 813–825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.84

• the pull-off force between the array of sharp silicon peaks and a mercury drop (Figure 8b), the distribution is unimodal. A fit of the data to a log-normal curve that is an aid to the eye presents a maximum at about 60.02 pN. The unimodal distribution is a feature not observed in our colloidal-probe

• measurements. Finally, Figure 8d presents the distribution for the system composed of the multi-scaled rough diamond surface and the mercury drop. A log-normal fit to the data is also included as a guide to the eye and shows a maximum at 5.7 nN. Figure 8c and Figure 8e presents cumulative frequency charts for

• jump-off-contact in the withdrawal curve (4–4′). Pull-off force vs contact length; the red dash straight line is a guide to the eye. Right inset: A typical force-displacement curve on mica measured with a Si3N4 tip in vacuum. Left Inset: Typical image of an AFM Si3N4 tip obtained with a JSM5600

Anodization-based process for the fabrication of all niobium nitride Josephson junction structures

• Massimiliano Lucci,
• Ivano Ottaviani,
• Matteo Cirillo,
• Fabio De Matteis,
• Roberto Francini,
• Vittorio Merlo and
• Ivan Davoli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 539–546, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.58

• the substrate must be kept constantly below 120 °C. This often makes it necessary to alternate periods of sputtering with periods in which the sputtering is stopped. Eye inspection of the plasma during the sputtering reveals that the color of the glow discharge changes from blue to red with increasing

• exhibiting the largest variation as a function of the nitrogen inlet. In this specific case (Figure 1), we select the lines mentioned before, namely 337 nm for N2 and 416 nm for Nb. Figure 1 also shows how to quantify the color change visible by eye in the plasma and obtain a fine tuning of the composition

Copper atomic-scale transistors

• Fangqing Xie,
• Maryna N. Kavalenka,
• Moritz Röger,
• Daniel Albrecht,
• Hendrik Hölscher,
• Jürgen Leuthold and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 530–538, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.57

• are the measured data and the lines are guides to the eye. Acknowledgements This work was supported in part by the Funding Initiative of the VolkswagenStiftung: Integration of Molecular Components in Functional Macroscopic Systems, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft within the Center for Functional

Functionalized TiO₂ nanoparticles by single-step hydrothermal synthesis: the role of the silane coupling agents

• Antoine R. M. Dalod,
• Lars Henriksen,
• Tor Grande and
• Mari-Ann Einarsrud

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 304–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.33

• , additional TEM images, and assignments of the FTIR absorption bands. Supporting Information File 4: Additional experimental data. Acknowledgements Financial support from The Research Council of Norway to the project "Beat the Human Eye" (number 235210) and for the support to NTNU NanoLab through the

Impact of contact resistance on the electrical properties of MoS₂ transistors at practical operating temperatures

• Filippo Giannazzo,
• Gabriele Fisichella,
• Aurora Piazza,
• Salvatore Di Franco,
• Giuseppe Greco,
• Simonpietro Agnello and
• Fabrizio Roccaforte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.28

• source triangular barrier. The TFE mechanism yields a reduced effective SBH with respect to the constant ΦB value (red dashed line in Figure 3c) that would be expected if only TE over the barrier would occur. As a guide for the eye, the SBH dependence on VG in the accumulation regime has been fitted with

Colorimetric gas detection by the varying thickness of a thin film of ultrasmall PTSA-coated TiO₂ nanoparticles on a Si substrate

• Urmas Joost,
• Andris Šutka,
• Meeri Visnapuu,
• Aile Tamm,
• Meeri Lembinen,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Kathriin Utt,
• Krisjanis Smits,
• Ergo Nõmmiste and
• Vambola Kisand

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 229–236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.25

• thickness of the NP-based film. Indeed, VOC absorption causes significant swelling of the film. Thus, the optical path length is increased, interference wavelengths are shifted and the refractive index of the film is decreased. This causes a change of color of the sensor element visible by the naked eye

• change in materials induced by structural changes has the potential for applications in sensors with power-free detection and naked-eye readout [1]. Most commonly, the visually perceptible color change of the material is observed in well-ordered structures consisting of building blocks or cavities having

• -ordered structures, which is a main requirement for other materials providing naked-eye optical gas detection (e.g., inverse opals). The sensing range of the current system is comparable to inverse opal systems. Zhang et al. demonstrated that a silole-infiltrated SiO2 inverse opal photonic crystal exhibit

Electron energy relaxation under terahertz excitation in (Cd_1−xZn_x)₃As₂ Dirac semimetals

• Alexandra V. Galeeva,
• Ivan V. Krylov,
• Konstantin A. Drozdov,
• Anatoly F. Knjazev,
• Alexey V. Kochura,
• Alexander P. Kuzmenko,
• Vasily S. Zakhvalinskii,
• Sergey N. Danilov,
• Ludmila I. Ryabova and
• Dmitry R. Khokhlov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 167–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.17

• = 4.2 K for laser wavelengths 90 and 148 μm for a (Cd0.955Zn0.045)3As2 sample in the Dirac semimetal phase. Inset: The same data plotted as PEM effect amplitude versus incident radiation power P. The lines in the panels (a) and (b) are the guides for the eye. The values of resistivity, ρ, free electron

Role of RGO support and irradiation source on the photocatalytic activity of CdS–ZnO semiconductor nanostructures

• Suneel Kumar,
• Rahul Sharma,
• Vipul Sharma,
• Gurunarayanan Harith,
• Vaidyanathan Sivakumar and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1684–1697, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.161

• concentration 10−5 M, photocatalyst 10 mg per 50 mL. Kinetic curves for degradation of MO under (a) visible light irradiation from a solar simulator and (b) natural sunlight. The lines are to guide the eye. Histogram showing the degradation rate (%) of MO under visible light irradiation from a solar simulator

Fingerprints of a size-dependent crossover in the dimensionality of electronic conduction in Au-seeded Ge nanowires

• Maria Koleśnik-Gray,
• Gillian Collins,
• Justin D. Holmes and
• Vojislav Krstić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1574–1578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.151

• -type charge transport. Inset: four-point current–voltage characteristic of the same NW. Radius-dependent charge transport properties in Ge NWs. (a) Electrical conductivity, (b) mobility and (c) charge carrier density as function of the NW radius R. Dotted lines in (a) and (b) are a guide to the eye

• . Grey dashed line in (c) corresponds to the numerical fitting of Nd(R) with a power function. Carrier-density dependent transport properties in Ge NWs. (a) Electrical conductivity and (b) mobility as function of carrier density Nd. Dashed lines are a guide to the eye. Characteristic length scales in Ge

The effect of dry shear aligning of nanotube thin films on the photovoltaic performance of carbon nanotube–silicon solar cells

• Benedikt W. Stolz,
• Daniel D. Tune and
• Benjamin S. Flavel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1486–1491, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.141

• appearance from matt grey/black to become visibly smoother and more reflective, with the direction of shear faintly discernible to the eye. Small circular regions (0.08 cm2) of each film were then taken from both the aligned and as-prepared parts of the membranes and used in devices. The films were deposited

Three-gradient regular solution model for simple liquids wetting complex surface topologies

• Sabine Akerboom,
• Marleen Kamperman and
• Frans A. M. Leermakers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1377–1396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.129

Viability and proliferation of endothelial cells upon exposure to GaN nanoparticles

• Tudor Braniste,
• Ion Tiginyanu,
• Tibor Horvath,
• Simion Raevschi,
• Serghei Cebotari,
• Marco Lux,
• Axel Haverich and
• Andres Hilfiker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1330–1337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.124

• ]. Cell targeting with nanoparticles could be applied in diseases affecting vascular structures. In such a case, nanoparticles could be injected in a highly vascularized area, like in some eye diseases that affect the posterior eye, where intraocular injection procedures could harm healthy tissue and

Functional diversity of resilin in Arthropoda

• Jan Michels,
• Esther Appel and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1241–1259, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.115

• present in many compound eye lenses and is suggested to be a very suitable material for optical elements because of its transparency and amorphousness. The evolution of this remarkable functional diversity can be assumed to have only been possible because resilin exhibits a unique combination of different

The influence of phthalocyanine aggregation in complexes with CdSe/ZnS quantum dots on the photophysical properties of the complexes

• Irina V. Martynenko,
• Anna O. Orlova,
• Vladimir G. Maslov,
• Anatoly V. Fedorov,
• Kevin Berwick and
• Alexander V. Baranov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1018–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.94

• . However, the energy transfer efficiency for the PcS2 fraction was found to decrease with n more rapidly than the model predicts (the blue curve in Figure 5b is to guide the eye). It is possible that complexes with acceptor aggregates may not obey Poisson statistics because probabilities of binding a free

• using Equation 8 and Equation 6, respectively. (b) QY of directly excited PL of the PcSz molecules calculated using Equation 8 in QD/PcSz complexes as a function of the relative acceptor concentration n. Dashed lines are to guide the eye. Heterogeneous system of QD–molecule complexes, which consists of

• Equation 8, respectively, and fitted with and Eh curves (solid lines), calculated from the model (Equation 11 and Equation 12) with values of: α = 3 and = 3 for PcS4 (red line); α = 1 and = 1.2 for PcSz (black line); α = 1 and = 3 for PcS2 (green line). The blue line is to guide the eye. Supporting

Thickness dependence of the triplet spin-valve effect in superconductor–ferromagnet–ferromagnet heterostructures

• Daniel Lenk,
• Vladimir I. Zdravkov,
• Jan-Michael Kehrle,
• Günter Obermeier,
• Aladin Ullrich,
• Roman Morari,
• Hans-Albrecht Krug von Nidda,
• Claus Müller,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko,
• Siegfried Horn,
• Rafael G. Deminov,
• Lenar R. Tagirov and
• Reinhard Tidecks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 957–969, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.88

• guide to the eye. (a) Magnetic hysteresis loop of SF1NF2-AF1#1 recorded by a SQUID magnetometer. Here, m is the magnetic moment and H the magnetic field applied parallel to the film plane. The solid line shows a reconstruction of the hysteresis loop according to the simple version of the model of Geiler

• the Cu41Ni59 alloy layer. (a) Dimensionality parameter α and (b) the (fictive) upper critical field at zero temperature, Hc(0), as obtained by fitting Equation 2 to the experimental data, as a function of the thickness of the Cu41Ni59 layer. The solid lines are guide to the eye, the dashed ones in (a

• results, the open squares and circles in (a) and (b), respectively, show predictions, which can be derived from the theory of Fominov and co-workers [15]. The solid and dashed lines are guide to the eye. The theoretical data are plotted both in absolute and normalized (with respect to TcS) units. In (a

Optical absorption signature of a self-assembled dye monolayer on graphene

• Tessnim Sghaier,
• Sylvain Le Liepvre,
• Céline Fiorini,
• Ludovic Douillard and
• Fabrice Charra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 862–868, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.78

• (graphene layer), as shown by the theoretical model [37] (continuous lines). This effect is even visible to the naked eye looking through a tilted plate through a polarizer. Notice that, for a thin film with random 3D molecule orientation, both TE and TM polarizations should exhibit an increased absorption

Tight junction between endothelial cells: the interaction between nanoparticles and blood vessels

• Yue Zhang and
• Wan-Xi Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 675–684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.60

• into the arteriovenous plexus underneath the epidermis. NPs, in the form of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, also cause acute eye irritation after administration [30]. The respiratory system shows its unique role in the uptake of NPs, because inhaled NPs have noxious effects on human health. Apical

Correlative infrared nanospectroscopic and nanomechanical imaging of block copolymer microdomains

• Benjamin Pollard and
• Markus B. Raschke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 605–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.53

• Gaussian fits to spectra at each pixel. Corresponding amplitude spectrum (inset) also shown for completeness, with fit to a dispersive lineshape as a guide to the eye. Multidimensional dataset showing maps of PS and PMMA microdomains, with corresponding profiles along the line indicated in (a) averaged

Time-dependent growth of crystalline Au⁰-nanoparticles in cyanobacteria as self-reproducing bioreactors: 2. Anabaena cylindrica

• Liz M. Rösken,
• Felix Cappel,
• Susanne Körsten,
• Christian B. Fischer,
• Andreas Schönleber,
• Sander van Smaalen,
• Stefan Geimer,
• Christian Beresko,
• Georg Ankerhold and
• Stefan Wehner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 312–327, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.30

• represent a recorded nanoparticle. Since the grey scale is not changing stepwise (electron dense background) and electron microscopy images are always noisy, this could not be done precisely by eye and an image processing tool had to be used. A home-made software was developed and successfully applied to

• (b), (d) and (e). The white arrows guide the eye to one already formed nanoparticle in each panel with larger magnification. TEM images of Anabaena cylindrica incubated with an overall concentration of 0.8 mM Au3+ for 9.25 hours. Vegetative cells are displayed in panel (a) and (c), heterocysts in (b

Hydration of magnesia cubes: a helium ion microscopy study

• Ruth Schwaiger,
• Johannes Schneider,
• Gilles R. Bourret and
• Oliver Diwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 302–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.28

• of the tilt (maximum 30° tilt, inducing a possible underestimation of the edge length of 15%). The continuous black lines (exponential fits) are shown as guides to the eye. (b) The indium foil was dried under vacuum before being used as a substrate. In addition to morphological changes under high

Surface coating affects behavior of metallic nanoparticles in a biological environment

• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ćurlin,
• Ivona Capjak,
• Tea Crnković,
• Marija Lovrić,
• Michal Babič,
• Daniel Horák,
• Ivana Vinković Vrček and
• Srećko Gajović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 246–262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.23

• from Figure 5. Thus, the high ionic strength of BM caused an agglomeration expected to be close to diffusion-limited. Moreover, the fast agglomeration of investigated NPs in BM was visible even to the naked eye. Immediately after the addition of clear NP stock solution into the BM, a cloudy black

Influence of calcium on ceramide-1-phosphate monolayers

• Joana S. L. Oliveira,
• Gerald Brezesinski,
• Alexandra Hill and
• Arne Gericke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 236–245, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.22

• ) stretching mode at approx. 925 cm−1 [14]. It is important to note that the phosphate bands region is noisy and the accurate analysis of the peak position of the bands is challenging. Therefore no fitting was performed, and the peak positions were defined by an eye analysis. Apart from the asymmetrical PO32

Plasticity-mediated collapse and recrystallization in hollow copper nanowires: a molecular dynamics simulation

• Amlan Dutta,
• Arup Kumar Raychaudhuri and
• Tanusri Saha-Dasgupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 228–235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.21

• ) recovery are plotted as functions of temperature. The solid curves are to guide the eye. Acknowledgements AD acknowledges the financial support provided by DST (Govt. of India) under the INSPIRE faculty scheme. AKR acknowledges the financial support from Nanomission, DST, for a sponsored project (Unit for

3D solid supported inter-polyelectrolyte complexes obtained by the alternate deposition of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)

• Eduardo Guzmán,
• Armando Maestro,
• Sara Llamas,
• Jesús Álvarez-Rodríguez,
• Francisco Ortega,
• Ángel Maroto-Valiente and
• Ramón G. Rubio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 197–208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.18

• through XPS (open triangles). The solid lines are to guide the eye. (a) Multilayer thickness of (PDADMAC + PSS)N films formed at an ionic strength of 0.10 M as a function of N, measured under wet conditions (ellipsometry) and dry conditions (X-ray reflectivity). (b) Swelling ratio as a function of N for

• the multilayers of part a. The lines are to guide the eye. (a) Dependence on the salt concentration of the atomic fraction of nitrogen in (PDADMAC + PSS)N films, obtained by XPS measurement at different angles of electron emission: (squares) −40°, (circles) −30°, (upward triangles) −20°, (downward

• triangles) −10°, (diamonds) 0°, (leftward triangles) 10°. The solid lines are to guide the eye. (b) Dependence on the salt concentration of the atomic fraction of sulfur in (PDADMAC + PSS)N films, obtained by XPS measurement at different angles of electron emission: (squares) −40°, (circles) −30°, (upward

Sonochemical co-deposition of antibacterial nanoparticles and dyes on textiles

• Ilana Perelshtein,
• Anat Lipovsky,
• Nina Perkas,
• Tzanko Tzanov and
• Aharon Gedanken

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1–8, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.1

• the best reaction parameters, which resulted in the highest antibacterial activity and coloration are reported in the experimental section. The presence of the dye on the fabric after the sonochemical reaction can be easily observed by the naked eye (Figure 2). While the color of RO16 changed only