Green fabrication of lanthanide-doped hydroxide-based phosphors: Y(OH)₃:Eu³⁺ nanoparticles for white light generation

• Tugrul Guner,
• Anilcan Kus,
• Mehmet Ozcan,
• Aziz Genc,
• Hasan Sahin and
• Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1200–1210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.119

• diffraction (XRD; X’Pert Pro, Philips, Eindhoven, The Netherlands), while their morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM; Quanta 250, FEI, Hillsboro, OR, USA). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) micrographs were obtained using an FEI Tecnai F20 field emission gun

Electroluminescence and current–voltage measurements of single-(In,Ga)N/GaN-nanowire light-emitting diodes in a nanowire ensemble

• David van Treeck,
• Johannes Ledig,
• Gregor Scholz,
• Jonas Lähnemann,
• Mattia Musolino,
• Abbes Tahraoui,
• Oliver Brandt,
• Andreas Waag,
• Henning Riechert and
• Lutz Geelhaar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1177–1187, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.117

• around 100 nm. Figure 1a shows a micrograph of the as-grown NW ensemble acquired in a Hitachi S-4800 field-emission SEM. The NW-ensemble LED we use as a reference for the EL and I–V characterizations in this study was processed from the same sample. The NW ensemble was planarized by spin coating using a

• DSM962 SEM system with an Everhart–Thornley SE detector. The resolution of the SEM system was optimized by means of reducing the probe energy and thus the scattering volume inside the NWs. However, in contrast to a field-emission SEM, the resolution is limited by the energy spread of the thermionic

• ) Cross-sectional micrograph of the investigated self-assembled GaN NW LEDs on Si acquired in the field-emission SEM. (b) Bird’s-eye view micrograph of a probe tip contacting single NWs taken in the thermionic emission SEM with a magnification at the edge of the resolution. (c) Sketch of a tungsten probe

Concurrent nanoscale surface etching and SnO₂ loading of carbon fibers for vanadium ion redox enhancement

• Jun Maruyama,
• Shohei Maruyama,
• Tomoko Fukuhara,
• Toru Nagaoka and
• Kei Hanafusa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 985–992, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.99

• single heat-treatment step. The subsequent thermal oxidation concurrently achieved nanoscale surface etching and loading with SnO2 nanoparticles. The nanoscale-etched and SnO2-loaded surface was characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray

• TGP-CSnPc-TAir. For comparison, the heat treatment of TGP without CSnPc was also performed in air at 550 °C for 1 h (TGP-550Air). Characterization of carbon fiber surface A field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM, JSM-6700F, JEOL) was used to observe the surface structure. The Raman spectra

An efficient electrode material for high performance solid-state hybrid supercapacitors based on a Cu/CuO/porous carbon nanofiber/TiO₂ hybrid composite

• Mamta Sham Lal,
• Thirugnanam Lavanya and
• Sundara Ramaprabhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 781–793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.78

• formation of the composite from as-spun fiber during different steps of the synthesis is shown in Figure 1. Physical characterization The surface morphology and elemental composition of the samples was investigated with an Inspect F50 field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) operating at 20 kV

Commercial polycarbonate track-etched membranes as substrates for low-cost optical sensors

• Paula Martínez-Pérez and
• Jaime García-Rupérez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 677–683, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.67

• graphical representation of the spectra, MATLAB R2016b (The MathWorks, Inc., USA) was used. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images of the surface of a PCTE membrane employed in our assays. (a) Randomly distributed pores cover the surface. (b) The diameter of the pores is around 30 nm, as

Ultrasonication-assisted synthesis of CsPbBr₃ and Cs₄PbBr₆ perovskite nanocrystals and their reversible transformation

• Longshi Rao,
• Xinrui Ding,
• Xuewei Du,
• Guanwei Liang,
• Yong Tang,
• Kairui Tang and
• Jin Z. Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 666–676, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.66

• source (λ = 0.15418 nm) at a counting rate of 2° per minute in the scanning angle (2θ) range from 5° to 50°. The surface morphology of Cs4PbBr6 PNCs was characterized by using a field-emission scanning electron microscope (SEM, Merlin). The UV–vis absorption spectra of the samples were measured using a

Enhancement in thermoelectric properties due to Ag nanoparticles incorporated in Bi₂Te₃ matrix

• Srashti Gupta,
• Dinesh Chandra Agarwal,
• Bathula Sivaiah,
• Sankarakumar Amrithpandian,
• Kandasami Asokan,
• Ajay Dhar,
• Binaya Kumar Panigrahi,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi and
• Vinay Gupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 634–643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.63

• for analysis of HRTEM images of samples. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM EDS) was performed using a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) [MIRA\\, TESCAN]. Temperature-dependent thermoelectric measurements were carried out for all samples with size

Topochemical engineering of composite hybrid fibers using layered double hydroxides and abietic acid

• Liji Sobhana,
• Lokesh Kesavan,
• Jan Gustafsson and
• Pedro Fardim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 589–605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.60

• ambient background and ATR correction for 45° incidence angle and one refraction assuming a refractive index of 1.50 for all samples. SEM analysis: A Leo Gemini 1530 field-emission scanning electron microscope with in-Lens detector (LEO Electron Microscopy, Oberkochen, Germany) was used for the

Biomimetic synthesis of Ag-coated glasswing butterfly arrays as ultra-sensitive SERS substrates for efficient trace detection of pesticides

• Guochao Shi,
• Mingli Wang,
• Yanying Zhu,
• Yuhong Wang,
• Xiaoya Yan,
• Xin Sun,
• Haijun Xu and
• Wanli Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 578–588, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.59

• field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM, JEOL JSM-2100). For SERS measurements a Renishaw inVia Raman system was employed. This system was combined with a microscope objective (50× objective, numerical aperture (NA) = 0.75) to focus the laser on the substrates. Under excitation wavelength of

Ceria/polymer nanocontainers for high-performance encapsulation of fluorophores

• Kartheek Katta,
• Dmitry Busko,
• Yuri Avlasevich,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Stanislav Baluschev and
• Rafael Muñoz-Espí

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 522–530, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.53

• electron microscopy (SEM) with a LEO Gemini 1530 field-emission microscope operated with an extractor voltage of 0.7 kV. Samples for SEM observation were prepared by dropping the diluted dispersions on small silicon wafers that were subsequently dried. EDX analysis combined with elemental mapping was

Widening of the electroactivity potential range by composite formation – capacitive properties of TiO₂/BiVO₄/PEDOT:PSS electrodes in contact with an aqueous electrolyte

• Konrad Trzciński,
• Mariusz Szkoda,
• Andrzej P. Nowak,
• Marcin Łapiński and
• Anna Lisowska-Oleksiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 483–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.49

• and to determine its electrochemical capacitance. Experimental Apparatus Raman spectra were obtained using a Renishaw InVia spectrometer with green laser excitation (514 nm) using a 50× LWD objective. The morphology of the samples was investigated by Schottky field-emission scanning electron

Wearable, stable, highly sensitive hydrogel–graphene strain sensors

• Jian Lv,
• Chuncai Kong,
• Chao Yang,
• Lu Yin,
• Itthipon Jeerapan,
• Fangzhao Pu,
• Xiaojing Zhang,
• Sen Yang and
• Zhimao Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 475–480, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.47

• foil using the silver epoxy. The size of the graphene/hydrogel sensor is 5 × 30 mm. Characterization of the hydrogel and graphene/hydrogel: The mechanical properties of the hydrogel were characterized in an electronic universal testing machine (CMT6503, Sans, Shenzhen, China). A field-emission scanning

Reduced graphene oxide supported C₃N₄ nanoflakes and quantum dots as metal-free catalysts for visible light assisted CO₂ reduction

• Md Rakibuddin and
• Haekyoung Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 448–458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.44

• , X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV–vis spectroscopy. High-resolution TEM images clearly show that C3N4 QDs (average diameter of 2–3 nm) and NFs (≈20–45 nm) are

• dots. Particle size distribution of the synthesized CN nanoflakes and quantum dots. TEM image of CN nanoflake and quantum dot samples under heating at 190 °C for 5 h (a,b), 170 °C for 5 h (c,d), and 150 °C for 5 h (e,f). Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of the a) g-C3N4 nanosheet, b

Advanced scanning probe lithography using anatase-to-rutile transition to create localized TiO₂ nanorods

• Julian Kalb,
• Vanessa Knittel and
• Lukas Schmidt-Mende

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 412–418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.40

• ], fuel cells [20], lithium batteries [21][22][23][24][25][26], field-emission devices [27], data storage devices [28], gaso- and electrochromic displays [29][30], and nonlinear optical devices [31]. Even in the field of medical engineering, such structures are promising candidates for improving the

Sub-wavelength waveguide properties of 1D and surface-functionalized SnO₂ nanostructures of various morphologies

• Venkataramana Bonu,
• Binaya Kumar Sahu,
• Arindam Das,
• Sankarakumar Amirthapandian,
• Sandip Dhara and
• Harish C. Barshilia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 379–388, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.37

• crucible without any metal catalyst under atmospheric pressure at a temperature of 1000 °C in continuous Ar flow. The temperature profile is shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1b. The growth time was kept for 2 h for all the NWs. Morphological studies of the NWs were revealed by field emission

Site-specific growth of oriented ZnO nanocrystal arrays

• Rekha Bai,
• Dinesh K. Pandya,
• Sujeet Chaudhary,
• Veer Dhaka,
• Vladislav Khayrudinov,
• Jori Lemettinen,
• Christoffer Kauppinen and
• Harri Lipsanen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 274–280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.26

• detector in scanning line mode. The surface morphology of the prepared samples was investigated by using a field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) using a Zeiss Supra 40 device. A JEOL 2200FS transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to investigate the crystallinity of the NCs. Results

• aligned twinned NC array is formed. Such a simple, cost effective and large area, scalable fabrication of ZnO NC array potentially opens a path for new device possibilities with novel functionalities. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of (a) polymer-coated ITO patterned with a pore size

Nanoporous water oxidation electrodes with a low loading of laser-deposited Ru/C exhibit enhanced corrosion stability

• Sandra Haschke,
• Dmitrii Pankin,
• Vladimir Mikhailovskii,
• Maïssa K. S. Barr,
• Adriana Both-Engel,
• Alina Manshina and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 157–167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.15

• RF mode on the sample side of laser deposition (step (d) in Figure 5). Instrumental methods Scanning electron micrographs were obtained on a Zeiss Merlin field-emission SEM with a field-emission cathode and standard In-lens SE and SE2 detectors. All measurements were performed in the chamber with a

Apparent tunneling barrier height and local work function of atomic arrays

• Neda Noei,
• Alexander Weismann and
• Richard Berndt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3048–3052, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.283

• . This is reflected by the notion of a local work function Φ [7][8][9]. Adsorbates modify Φ in an intriguing manner [10][11][12][13]. In turn, variations of Φ produce, e.g., atomic-scale contrast in field-emission microscopy, photo-emission electron microscopy, and low-energy electron microscopy [14][15

Charged particle single nanometre manufacturing

• Philip D. Prewett,
• Cornelis W. Hagen,
• Claudia Lenk,
• Steve Lenk,
• Marcus Kaestner,
• Tzvetan Ivanov,
• Ahmad Ahmad,
• Ivo W. Rangelow,
• Xiaoqing Shi,
• Stuart A. Boden,
• Alex P. G. Robinson,
• Dongxu Yang,
• Sangeetha Hari,
• Marijke Scotuzzi and
• Ejaz Huq

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2855–2882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.266

• to 196 beams is under development based on a commercial SEM platform. Among its potential applications is the manufacture of templates for nanoimprint lithography, NIL. This is also a target application for the third and final charged particle technology, viz. field emission electron scanning probe

• ; electron; field emission; ion; nanolithography; Review 1 Introduction Methods for nanostructuring – the fabrication of structures with sizes on the nanoscale – are required for the fabrication of next-generation nanoelectronics, such as quantum-based devices, for nanophotonics, nanobiotechnology

• beams can be divided into two approaches: either the particle beam is generated far from the sample and scanned over it using electric or magnetic focusing and deflection optics or the beam is generated at a field-emission tip located in close proximity to the sample and the tip itself is scanned to

Nanostructure-induced performance degradation of WO₃·nH₂O for energy conversion and storage devices

• Zhenyin Hai,
• Mohammad Karbalaei Akbari,
• Zihan Wei,
• Danfeng Cui,
• Chenyang Xue,
• Hongyan Xu,
• Philippe M. Heynderickx,
• Francis Verpoort and
• Serge Zhuiykov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2845–2854, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.265

• samples were identified with a high-resolution X-ray diffractometer (HR-XRD, SmartLab, Rigaku). The morphology of samples was investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM, JSM-7100F, Jeol) together with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Information about chemical composition and

Biomimetic surface structures in steel fabricated with femtosecond laser pulses: influence of laser rescanning on morphology and wettability

• Camilo Florian Baron,
• Alexandros Mimidis,
• Daniel Puerto,
• Evangelos Skoulas,
• Emmanuel Stratakis,
• Javier Solis and
• Jan Siegel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2802–2812, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.262

• , the depth was positive (the laser ablated material producing a hole in the sample) whereas in some cases, negative depths where also measured (the irradiated sample protrudes out). In addition, the morphology of the surfaces was characterized with a field emission electron microscope (Hitachi S-4800

Near-infrared light harvesting of upconverting NaYF₄:Yb³⁺/Er³⁺-based amorphous silicon solar cells investigated by an optical filter

• Daiming Liu,
• Qingkang Wang and
• Qing Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2788–2793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.260

• optical filter. Photoelectric performances of a-Si:H solar cells with and without UC were compared under AM1.5 solar irradiation. Results and Discussion Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was used to investigate the sample morphologies over the course of the reaction. In Figure 1a, the

Magnetic and luminescent coordination networks based on imidazolium salts and lanthanides for sensitive ratiometric thermometry

• Pierre Farger,
• Cédric Leuvrey,
• Mathieu Gallart,
• Pierre Gilliot,
• Guillaume Rogez,
• João Rocha,
• Duarte Ananias,
• Pierre Rabu and
• Emilie Delahaye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2775–2787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.259

• a JEOL 6700F (scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with a field-emission gun (FEG), operating at 3 kV in the SEI mode instrument. FTIR spectra were collected on a Perkin Elmer Spectrum Two UATR-FTIR spectrometer. TGA-TDA experiments were performed using a TA instrument SDT Q600 (heating rates

Accurate control of the covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes for the electro-enzymatically controlled oxidation of biomolecules

• Naoual Allali,
• Veronika Urbanova,
• Mathieu Etienne,
• Xavier Devaux,
• Martine Mallet,
• Brigitte Vigolo,
• Jean-Joseph Adjizian,
• Chris P. Ewels,
• Sven Oberg,
• Alexander V. Soldatov,
• Edward McRae,
• Yves Fort,
• Manuel Dossot and
• Victor Mamane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2750–2762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.257

• microscopy (HRSTEM) were performed using a probe aberration-corrected JEOL ARM200 microscope equipped with a cold field emission gun, a JEOL JED2300T energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) and a Gatan GIF Quantum energy filter for electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). The microscope was operated at

Oriented zinc oxide nanorods: A novel saturable absorber for lasers in the near-infrared

• Pavel Loiko,
• Tanujjal Bora,
• Josep Maria Serres,
• Haohai Yu,
• Magdalena Aguiló,
• Francesc Díaz,
• Uwe Griebner,
• Valentin Petrov,
• Xavier Mateos and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2730–2740, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.255

• studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) using a JEOL JSM-7600F microscope. The structure of the grown ZnO NRs was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) using a Rigaku MiniFlex600 diffractometer. The XRD patterns of the samples were obtained using Cu Kα radiation (1.5406 Å) with

• found elsewhere [31]. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images of ZnO nanorods grown hydrothermally on glass substrates for (a,d) 5 h, (b,e) 10 h and (c,f) 15 h; (a,b,c) top- and (d,e,f) side-view. Images (b) and (e) are reproduced with permission from [28], copyright 2017, IEEE. (a) X

• demonstrate the suitability of hydrothermally grown, oriented ZnO NRs as SAs for lasers emitting at 1 and 2 µm, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The preliminary results of this work were presented in a conference paper [28]. Results and Discussion Structural study Figure 1 shows the field