Charge transfer from and to manganese phthalocyanine: bulk materials and interfaces

• Florian Rückerl,
• Daniel Waas,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Martin Knupfer,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn,
• Francisc Haidu,
• Torsten Hahn and
• Jens Kortus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1601–1615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.160

• intensity, which reflects the filling of the SOMO with one more electron. Adding more potassium (K1.8MnPc) results in a further shift of the maxima to somewhat higher energies, while the spectral onset moves slightly downward. This downshift is related to the filling of the former LUMO with electrons, i.e

• ., a new occupied state appears in the photoemission data. Further doping to K4.2MnPc causes an intensity increase at low binding energy, which results from further filling of the former LUMO. Figure 4b presents information on the unoccupied electronic states as measured using IPES [49]. For undoped

Parylene C as a versatile dielectric material for organic field-effect transistors

• Tomasz Marszalek,
• Maciej Gazicki-Lipman and
• Jacek Ulanski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1532–1545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.155

• decays over 90 min by one order of magnitude, with the gate threshold voltage shifting to higher magnitudes [69]. This behavior strongly indicates that oxygen and/or water vapor create charge trap states the filling of which requires higher gate voltage for a successful OFET operation. The transfer

Tailoring bifunctional hybrid organic–inorganic nanoadsorbents by the choice of functional layer composition probed by adsorption of Cu²⁺ ions

• Veronika V. Tomina,
• Inna V. Melnyk,
• Yuriy L. Zub,
• Aivaras Kareiva,
• Miroslava Vaclavikova,
• Gulaim A. Seisenbaeva and
• Vadim G. Kessler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 334–347, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.36

• –20000 cm−1, which is characteristic of copper(II) complexes with amino ligands and refers to d→d transitions [43]. The position of the maximum of this band depends on the nature of the functional group and on the CSCu/CSR ratio (the degree of surface filling with metal). However, in almost all cases

Functionalized TiO₂ nanoparticles by single-step hydrothermal synthesis: the role of the silane coupling agents

• Antoine R. M. Dalod,
• Lars Henriksen,
• Tor Grande and
• Mari-Ann Einarsrud

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 304–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.33

• silane coupling agent (TIP/silane molar ratio equal to 10:1) was initially added to give a filling factor of 70% in the autoclave. The solutions were vigorously stirred for 10 min prior to transfer into a PTFE-lined autoclave (Parr, 125 mL) and heated for 2 h at 200 °C. After cooling to room temperature

Colorimetric gas detection by the varying thickness of a thin film of ultrasmall PTSA-coated TiO₂ nanoparticles on a Si substrate

• Urmas Joost,
• Andris Šutka,
• Meeri Visnapuu,
• Aile Tamm,
• Meeri Lembinen,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Kathriin Utt,
• Krisjanis Smits,
• Ergo Nõmmiste and
• Vambola Kisand

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 229–236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.25

• . Before filling the syringe with 20 mL of the gas mixture the gas was stirred for 3 min. During measurements, 20 mL of air with certain amounts of VOC vapor was injected with a syringe through the cell and the reflectance spectra were measured. After measurements, the cell was purged with 200 mL clean air

Structural and tribometric characterization of biomimetically inspired synthetic "insect adhesives"

• Matthias W. Speidel,
• Malte Kleemeier,
• Andreas Hartwig,
• Klaus Rischka,
• Angelika Ellermann,
• Rolf Daniels and
• Oliver Betz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 45–63, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.6

• adhesive fluids produced by glandular systems underlying the adhesive cuticular structures [2][3][4]. One major function of these liquid adhesives is to wet and maximize the contact area with the substrate by filling its surface irregularities [5][6]. In addition, viscous and capillary forces are conveyed

The cleaner, the greener? Product sustainability assessment of the biomimetic façade paint Lotusan^® in comparison to the conventional façade paint Jumbosil^®

• Florian Antony,
• Rainer Grießhammer,
• Thomas Speck and
• Olga Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2100–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.200

• 1.5–1.6 g/mL and is, according to the technical data sheet, suitable for slightly filling, opaque exterior paintings on organic and mineral substrates. Jumbosil® is water-repellent and permeable to carbon dioxide and water vapour. Comparing the material input for the formulation of Lotusan® and

Ferromagnetic behaviour of ZnO: the role of grain boundaries

• Boris B. Straumal,
• Svetlana G. Protasova,
• Andrei A. Mazilkin,
• Eberhard Goering,
• Gisela Schütz,
• Petr B. Straumal and
• Brigitte Baretzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1936–1947, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.185

• possible, we tried also to take into account the so-called grain boundary character [14]. In other words we tried to include the high-angle grain boundaries and to exclude the low-angle ones [15]. It is easy to calculate sGB if the grains are equiaxial (circles in Figure 1). The optimal space-filling grain

Properties of Ni and Ni–Fe nanowires electrochemically deposited into a porous alumina template

• Alla I. Vorobjova,
• Dmitry L. Shimanovich,
• Kazimir I. Yanushkevich,
• Sergej L. Prischepa and
• Elena A. Outkina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1709–1717, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.163

• this case, Ni–Fe NWs of 2.0 to 2.5 μm length are ordered and uniform. From the photos it is evident that at the same thickness of the template (ca. 30 μm) the deposition front changes slightly with increasing deposition time. In this case (HPA ≈ 30 μm), the filling rate vNi–Fe is about 15 μm/h (Figure

•  3a,b). For the alumina template with HPA ≈ 90 μm the filling rate vNi–Fe is about 8.6 μm/h (Figure 3c) at the same current density of 3 mA·cm−2. There are two possible reasons for the lowering of the filling rate: (i) the movement of liquid (electrolyte) in long narrow pores becomes difficult, and

• perfection of a template. The evenness of the deposition process, in turn, depends on the pore filling rate and, partly, on the template thickness, especially in the case of Ni. In the following, the results of crystal structure investigations are discussed. The XRD patterns of PA/Ni and PA/Ni–Fe composites

Sb₂S₃ grown by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and its application in a hybrid solar cell

• Erki Kärber,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Ilona Oja Acik,
• Arvo Mere,
• Valdek Mikli and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1662–1673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.158

• curve and series resistance, due to light soaking, are presented in the Supporting Information File 1 (Figure S4). The study of the cause behind this light-soaking effect is not within the scope of the present work. Proposed explanations for this behavior include the filling of electron traps in TiO2

• an electron conductor for a spray-grown absorber will provide a gain of the current density up to 2.5 times when compared to a planar device [62][63]. Also, the gap filling by a polymeric hole conductor could be expected to be easier in case vertical nanorods are used instead of porous TiO2 [13][64

Biomechanics of selected arborescent and shrubby monocotyledons

• Tom Masselter,
• Tobias Haushahn,
• Samuel Fink and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1602–1619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.154

• , Young’s modulus and tensile strength of the vascular bundles in Dracaena marginata. These analyses allowed for generating a model for the mechanical interaction of tissues and vascular bundles of the stem in D. marginata as well as filling major “white spots” in property charts for biological materials

• monocots as the organization of dicotyledonous stems is significantly different from that of monocotyledonous stems (Figure 1). The present study allows for closing some of these knowledge gaps and filling major “white spots” in natural material property charts. To this aim, analyses of the mechanical

Three-gradient regular solution model for simple liquids wetting complex surface topologies

• Sabine Akerboom,
• Marleen Kamperman and
• Frans A. M. Leermakers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1377–1396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.129

• may trigger the filling of confined regions by the liquid. Small droplets cause a stronger oversaturation than larger droplets and the presence of small droplets may result in a spontaneous filling of the voids by capillary condensation when this may not yet occur for larger drops. The radius

Influence of ambient humidity on the attachment ability of ladybird beetles (Coccinella septempunctata)

• Lars Heepe,
• Jonas O. Wolff and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1322–1329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.123

• capillary forces (wet adhesion). The fluid can increase the contact area by filling minute cavities of micro- and nano-rough surfaces, where setae otherwise cannot adapt to, and prevents slipping of the foot due to its specific rheological properties [31][32][33][34][35]. It was demonstrated that the

Mesoporous hollow carbon spheres for lithium–sulfur batteries: distribution of sulfur and electrochemical performance

• Anika C. Juhl,
• Artur Schneider,
• Boris Ufer,
• Torsten Brezesinski,
• Jürgen Janek and
• Michael Fröba

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1229–1240, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.114

• the use in lithium–sulfur batteries because of the large internal void offering space for sulfur and polysulfide storage and confinement. However, there is an ongoing discussion whether the cavity is accessible for sulfur. Yet no valid proof of cavity filling has been presented, mostly due to

• nitrogen physisorption for pores smaller than 2 nm. Carbon/sulfur composites To get an impression of how much sulfur can be loaded into the pores and the cavities of the hollow carbon spheres, we calculated which sulfur loadings can be reached by either filling only the pores of the shell of the HCS or by

• filling the pores of the shell and the cavity. The maximum mass of sulfur msulfur that can be incorporated into the shell by melt impregnation can be calculated by multiplication of the pore volume Vpores of the shell (1.06 cm3 for 1 g HCS) with the density of liquid sulfur (ρsulfur = 1.819 g·cm−3) [12

Photocurrent generation in carbon nanotube/cubic-phase HfO₂ nanoparticle hybrid nanocomposites

• Protima Rauwel,
• Augustinas Galeckas,
• Martin Salumaa,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Erwan Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1075–1085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.101

• illumination, the photocurrent first presents a rapid response time defined by an initial spiking of the photocurrent, indicating a rapid filling and discharging of the defects states. This is followed by a rather stable and reproducible photoresponse, suggesting that the photogenerated electrons are

Signal enhancement in cantilever magnetometry based on a co-resonantly coupled sensor

• Julia Körner,
• Christopher F. Reiche,
• Thomas Gemming,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Gerald Gerlach and
• Thomas Mühl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1033–1043, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.96

• latter with two out of three dimensions on the nanometer scale and therefore with low stiffness and low effective mass. Typical diameters of the iron filling are (15–30) nm and the nanotube length ranges from (15–45) μm [10][11]. The FeCNT not only features favorable geometric and material properties [12

• ] but the iron filling allows for a magnetometry measurement as well and, therefore, for a demonstration of the functionality of our sensor. The remainder of this publication is structured as follows: first we will introduce the main ideas of the co-resonant sensor concept. Next, we will discuss the

• system which we attribute to the magnetic interaction between the iron filling of the FeCNT and the magnetic field of the NdFeB magnet. Figure 7 depicts the measured resonance frequency shift for each of the two peaks of the coupled system compared to the field free measurement for various magnetic field

Reorientation of single-wall carbon nanotubes in negative anisotropy liquid crystals by an electric field

• Amanda García-García,
• Ricardo Vergaz,
• José F. Algorri,
• Gianluigi Zito,
• Teresa Cacace,
• Antigone Marino,
• José M. Otón and
• Morten A. Geday

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 825–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.74

• spontaneously while filling or relaxing in a homogeneously aligned cell, due to the intrinsic anisotropy of both components. In positive LC cells [15][16], the SWCNTs and the LC both switch and relax together. On the other hand, SWCNTs dispersed in liquids also align according to the electric field [17]. This

Microwave solvothermal synthesis and characterization of manganese-doped ZnO nanoparticles

• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Roman Mukhovskyi,
• Elzbieta Pietrzykowska,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Jan Mizeracki and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 721–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.64

• activity, matting and hiding properties, as well as bleaching properties, it is applied in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry to produce creams, dressings, powders, baby powders and toothpastes. In paediatric dentistry, it is the primary ingredient of the temporary filling material [10]. It is also a

Cantilever bending based on humidity-actuated mesoporous silica/silicon bilayers

• Christian Ganser,
• Gerhard Fritz-Popovski,
• Roland Morak,
• Parvin Sharifi,
• Benedetta Marmiroli,
• Barbara Sartori,
• Heinz Amenitsch,
• Thomas Griesser,
• Christian Teichert and
• Oskar Paris

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 637–644, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.56

• filling/emptying (capillary condensation/evaporation) of the pores with water. Because the change of the relative humidity of air will also change its index of refraction (IOR), n, and the deflection read-out was done via a laser beam reflected from the cantilever, we have checked whether this can

• mean radius of curvature of the pores, r, and the absolute value of the solid–liquid interfacial energy, γSL(RH), which is determined by the amount of water adsorbed during successive pore filling [13][30][38]. In addition to the solid–liquid interfacial energy, both, the curved liquid–vapor interface

Determination of the compositions of the DIGM zone in nanocrystalline Ag/Au and Ag/Pd thin films by secondary neutral mass spectrometry

• Gábor Y. Molnár,
• Shenouda S. Shenouda,
• Gábor L. Katona,
• Gábor A. Langer and
• Dezső L. Beke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 474–483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.41

• assumption that the composition inside the GB is unity can be questioned, even if our experimental observations during GB diffusion in thin film couples shows [27] that at the beginning there is a filling up of the GBs with the diffusant. In this way the diffusion along the fastest GBs results in a new

• ). The results in the Ag/Pd/substrate system showed a qualitative agreement with the above model, indicating that here the DAg/DPd ratio is larger than 20 and thus the compositions in the DIGM zone are of the same order of magnitude as the average compositions due to filling up of the GB area. On the

Early breast cancer screening using iron/iron oxide-based nanoplatforms with sub-femtomolar limits of detection

• Dinusha N. Udukala,
• Hongwang Wang,
• Sebastian O. Wendel,
• Aruni P. Malalasekera,
• Thilani N. Samarakoon,
• Asanka S. Yapa,
• Gayani Abayaweera,
• Matthew T. Basel,
• Pamela Maynez,
• Raquel Ortega,
• Yubisela Toledo,
• Leonie Bossmann,
• Colette Robinson,
• Katharine E. Janik,
• Olga B. Koper,
• Ping Li,
• Massoud Motamedi,
• Daniel A. Higgins,
• Gary Gadbury,
• Gaohong Zhu,
• Deryl L. Troyer and
• Stefan H. Bossmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 364–373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.33

• µL of inactivated serum was added before filling up to 3.0 mL when studying matrix effects. The solution was incubated at 25 °C for 60 min. Then the fluorescence was analyzed in 4.0 mL quartz-cuvettes (Helma) using a spectrofluorometer (Fluoromax2) with dual monochromators (λex = 421 nm, λem = 620

Molecular machines operating on the nanoscale: from classical to quantum

• Igor Goychuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 328–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.31

Plasticity-mediated collapse and recrystallization in hollow copper nanowires: a molecular dynamics simulation

• Amlan Dutta,
• Arup Kumar Raychaudhuri and
• Tanusri Saha-Dasgupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 228–235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.21

• will be useful in designing of technologically important nanomaterials with hollow cores. Simulation scheme The simulated nanowire is constructed by filling up a cylindrical region with atoms in face-centered cubic (fcc) structure of copper oriented in the <111> direction. The core of the wire is made

Linear and nonlinear optical properties of hybrid metallic–dielectric plasmonic nanoantennas

• Mario Hentschel,
• Bernd Metzger,
• Bastian Knabe,
• Karsten Buse and
• Harald Giessen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 111–120, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.13

• crosses are defined in the resist layer. Within these openings the particles will accumulate as well. In contrast to the small openings, the intentional filling of these large crosses can be easily monitored. The SEM micrograph depicts such a cross after lift-off. The residual structures thus consist

• . Yet, for excitation along the antenna axis, it is a head-to-tail configuration, whereas for excitation perpendicular to the axis, one observes a head-to-head configuration (see sketches with green arrows in Figure 3). Filling the antenna gap with a high-refractive-index material leads to an increased

• . Overall, the spectra demonstrate the excellent filling rate, manifesting itself in pronounced and reproducible spectral shifts in the linear response. Figure 4 shows the results of linear and nonlinear measurements with both a filled nanoantenna array and a nanoantenna array without filling

Charge injection and transport properties of an organic light-emitting diode

• Peter Juhasz,
• Juraj Nevrela,
• Michal Micjan,
• Miroslav Novota,
• Jan Uhrik,
• Lubica Stuchlikova,
• Jan Jakabovic,
• Ladislav Harmatha and
• Martin Weis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 47–52, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.5

• . Note that the significant rise of the current in certain voltage region only is usually assigned to the trap-filled-limit (TFL) voltage. In other words, the charge transport properties of organic films are changed due to filling of all localized states and charge carriers are no more influenced by the

• voltage causes a gradual filling of states that represents rise of the activation energy. After the filling of all interfacial states the charge is injected only over the interfacial barrier, which stands for second charge relaxation. This assumption is supported by diminishing of interfacial state