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Search for "force" in Full Text gives 1090 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Control of morphology and crystallinity of CNTs in flame synthesis with one-dimensional reaction zone

  • Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
  • Norikhwan Hamzah,
  • Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
  • Ni Luh Wulan Septiani and
  • Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 741–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.61

Graphical Abstract
  • catalyst’s surface. Carbon atoms are adsorbed by the catalyst and deposited by diffusion to form nanotubes through continuous stacking. The weak interaction force between the catalyst particle and the substrate lifts the particles as the nanotubes grow, forming CNTs with catalyst particles at the tip. CNTs
  • are formed with catalyst particles at the bottom if the catalyst–substrate interaction force is more substantial [23]. Nevertheless, the rapid growth of CNTs was observed from the catalytic reaction within the flame environment. Because of the coupled energy and mass transfer phenomena, the
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Published 21 Jun 2023

Cross-sectional Kelvin probe force microscopy on III–V epitaxial multilayer stacks: challenges and perspectives

  • Mattia da Lisca,
  • José Alvarez,
  • James P. Connolly,
  • Nicolas Vaissiere,
  • Karim Mekhazni,
  • Jean Decobert and
  • Jean-Paul Kleider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 725–737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.59

Graphical Abstract
  • consisting of many layers and interfaces. The study and the comprehension of the mechanisms that take place at the interfaces is crucial for efficiency improvement. In this work, we apply frequency-modulated Kelvin probe force microscopy under ambient conditions to investigate the capability of this
  • photogenerated carrier distributions. The analysis of the KPFM data was assisted by means of theoretical modelling simulating the energy bands profile and KPFM measurements. Keywords: FM-KPFM; frequency-modulated Kelvin probe force microscopy; III–V multilayer stack; Kelvin probe modelling; KP modelling; SPV
  • measurements based on scanning probe microscopy (SPM) allow for the analysis of two-dimensional (2D) features at the surface and along a physical cross section of nanoscale semiconductor structures. Among the wide variety of SPM techniques available [3], Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is an application
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Published 14 Jun 2023

A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion

  • Sanju Tanwar,
  • Aditi Sharma and
  • Dhirendra Mathur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56

Graphical Abstract
  • hydrothermal process with glucose as a precursor undergoing carbonization. Different spectroscopic techniques were used to analyze the optical characteristics of GQDs, including UV–visible, photoluminescence, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray
  • obtained from a Bruker AFM analyzer atomic force microscope and a FEI Tecnai G2 20 S-TWIN transmission electron microscope. Electrochemical measurements GQDs/GCE, Ag/AgCl, and a platinum wire were used as working, reference, and counter electrode, respectively, in all electrochemical experiments, conducted
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Published 09 Jun 2023

Humidity-dependent electrical performance of CuO nanowire networks studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

  • Jelena Kosmaca,
  • Juris Katkevics,
  • Jana Andzane,
  • Raitis Sondors,
  • Liga Jasulaneca,
  • Raimonds Meija,
  • Kiryl Niherysh,
  • Yelyzaveta Rublova and
  • Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 683–691, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.54

Graphical Abstract
  • electron microscopy (SEM, Hitachi S4800) and atomic force microscopy (AFM, Asylum Research MFP-3D). Electrochemical impedance measurements were performed under various atmospheric conditions in a custom-made system described elsewhere [28]. The main system parameters were RH from 4% to 97%, gas flow from
  • . Atomic force microscopy: (g) a bundle of CuO nanowires between microelectrodes and (h) a height profile scan across the bundle. Impedance spectra measured for the system of CuO nanowire networks on microelectrodes at fixed T (30 °C) and various RH (5%, 20%, 50%, 73%, and 95%). Dotted lines connect
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Published 05 Jun 2023

Investigations on the optical forces from three mainstream optical resonances in all-dielectric nanostructure arrays

  • Guangdong Wang and
  • Zhanghua Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 674–682, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.53

Graphical Abstract
  • object it encounters, and the resulting optical force can be used to manipulate particles at the micro- or nanoscale. In this work, we present a detailed comparison through numerical simulations of the optical forces that can be exerted on polystyrene spheres of the same diameter. The spheres are placed
  • supported, which are verified by the multipole decomposition analysis of the scattering power spectrum. Our numerical results show that the quasi-BIC resonance can produce a larger optical gradient force, which is about three orders of magnitude higher than those generated from the other two resonances. The
  • manipulation of nanoparticles by optical forces. It is important to use low-power lasers to achieve efficient trapping and avoid any harmful heating effects. Keywords: all-dielectric nanostructures; anapole; optical force; quasi-bound states in the continuum; toroidal dipole; Introduction Optical forces have
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Published 02 Jun 2023

Suspension feeding in Copepoda (Crustacea) – a numerical model of setae acting in concert

  • Alexander E. Filippov,
  • Wencke Krings and
  • Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 603–615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.50

Graphical Abstract
  • -resolution CLSM imaging or atomic force microscopy. As it was visualized by CLSM [55][56][57], the basal parts of some short and long setae appear to be relatively soft and seem to contain resilin or other proteins. This should influence the mobility of the rotating setae. To account for this in the
  • [62] for the formula): where is a position vector of the middle of the segment (the node) j; k = j ± 1. The longitudinal force, is described here by a double-well potential, which tends to keep the distance between the nodes and close to the equilibrium length of each segment dR. This particular
  • form of the longitudinal force equation was chosen, because it is linear at small displacement and increases non-linearly at large displacement. The transverse force, , is directly proportional to the lateral deflection and tends to keep the position close to the mean value between its nearest
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Published 17 May 2023

Thermal transport in kinked nanowires through simulation

  • Alexander N. Robillard,
  • Graham W. Gibson and
  • Ralf Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 586–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.49

Graphical Abstract
  • of system design on nanoscale transport is particularly intriguing and has lead to the investigation of unique structures [10][11] in an attempt to better understand and develop manufactured devices. The introduction of additional surfaces and the reduction of direct paths through a system can force
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Published 15 May 2023

Transferability of interatomic potentials for silicene

  • Marcin Maździarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 574–585, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.48

Graphical Abstract
  • –Weber, EDIP, ReaxFF, COMB, and machine-learning-based interatomic potentials. A quantitative systematic comparison and a discussion of the results obtained are reported. Keywords: 2D materials; DFT; force fields; interatomic potentials; mechanical properties; silicene; Introduction We are living in
  • -dependent interatomic potential (EDIP) fitted to various bulk phases and defect structures of Si ReaxFF [41]: the reactive force-field (ReaxFF) fitted to a training set of DFT data that pertain to Si/Ge/H bonding environments COMB [42]: the charge optimized many-body (COMB) potential fitted to a pure
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Published 08 May 2023

SERS performance of GaN/Ag substrates fabricated by Ag coating of GaN platforms

  • Magdalena A. Zając,
  • Bogusław Budner,
  • Malwina Liszewska,
  • Bartosz Bartosewicz,
  • Łukasz Gutowski,
  • Jan L. Weyher and
  • Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 552–564, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.46

Graphical Abstract
  • substrates fabricated using both methods, we attempted to prepare substrates with a comparable amount of deposited Ag, which was examined and controlled using atomic force microscopy (AFM). For this purpose, additional Ag layers were deposited on flat Si substrates. Based on the measured thickness of the Ag
  • atomic force microscope (AFM) (NT-MDT, Moscow, Russia) in non-contact mode using the approach described previously [37]. The silver layers were removed randomly on the sample to form a sharp edge for measurement of height (layer thickness). AFM measurements were carried out in three different areas on
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Published 03 May 2023

Carbon nanotube-cellulose ink for rapid solvent identification

  • Tiago Amarante,
  • Thiago H. R. Cunha,
  • Claudio Laudares,
  • Ana P. M. Barboza,
  • Ana Carolina dos Santos,
  • Cíntia L. Pereira,
  • Vinicius Ornelas,
  • Bernardo R. A. Neves,
  • André S. Ferlauto and
  • Rodrigo G. Lacerda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 535–543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.44

Graphical Abstract
  • length of 5 μm were produced at CTNano/UFMG [59][60][61]. Morphological analysis was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in a Quanta 200 FEG, using secondary electrons between 2 and 10 kV. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was carried out on a Bruker MultiMode8 SPM using the intermittent
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Published 26 Apr 2023

On the use of Raman spectroscopy to characterize mass-produced graphene nanoplatelets

  • Keith R. Paton,
  • Konstantinos Despotelis,
  • Naresh Kumar,
  • Piers Turner and
  • Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 509–521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.42

Graphical Abstract
  • widely used characterization tool for GR2Ms [8]. A search of Web of Science showed that of 97,532 articles published in the last five years with “Graphene” in the abstract, 9.3% also mentioned “Raman”. This is compared with atomic force microscopy (AFM) (2.4%), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (11.4
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Published 24 Apr 2023

Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science

  • Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 434–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.35

Graphical Abstract
  • oligomeric chains were significantly elongated. High-resolution scanning tunneling microscope (STM) topography shows alternating bright twin spots, which correspond to phenylene and tetrafluorophenylene, respectively. A high-resolution atomic force microscope (AFM) image of an entirely elongated fine
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Published 03 Apr 2023

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

  • A. R. Indhu,
  • L. Keerthana and
  • Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

Graphical Abstract
  • electrons being in proximity to the surface) result in an increased Coulombic force of restoration and hence a shift in the dielectric function [47]. Similarly, with a decrease in grain size, due to the fact that there is an increase in the volume fraction of grain boundaries compared to the grains, and
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Published 27 Mar 2023

Overview of mechanism and consequences of endothelial leakiness caused by metal and polymeric nanoparticles

  • Magdalena Lasak and
  • Karol Ciepluch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 329–338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.28

Graphical Abstract
  • induction depends on the density of NPs, where the effective density of Si NPs ranged from 1.57 to 1.72 g/cm3 [20]. The leakage rate increases with increasing nanoparticle density. They also showed that a force of approximately 1.8 nN/μm along the boundaries of VE-cad adherens junctions mediated by
  • cumulative gravity appeared to be the critical threshold force required to disrupt endothelial cells. The leakiness of the endothelium resulting from the action of NPs occurs relatively quickly, usually within an hour after exposing the cells to NPs [20][21][23]. In addition to understanding the key
  • increasing tensile force, which favored the spread of the crack throughout the VE-cad domain. Lee et al. also suggested that NanoEL is reversible and kinetic, and that a removal of leakiness stimuli triggers the reconstruction of the cadherin bond between adjacent cells. Therefore, NanoEL is a phenomenon
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Published 08 Mar 2023

A novel approach to pulsed laser deposition of platinum catalyst on carbon particles for use in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

  • Bogusław Budner,
  • Wojciech Tokarz,
  • Sławomir Dyjak,
  • Andrzej Czerwiński,
  • Bartosz Bartosewicz and
  • Bartłomiej Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 190–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.19

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  • on the rotating electrode disk, formed tight and homogeneous layers over its entire surface. The layers of both catalysts adhered quite permanently to the carbon electrode. After the completion of the experiments, no significant loss of coverage occurred due to the centrifugal force of the rotating
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Published 02 Feb 2023

High–low Kelvin probe force spectroscopy for measuring the interface state density

  • Ryo Izumi,
  • Masato Miyazaki,
  • Yan Jun Li and
  • Yasuhiro Sugawara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 175–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.18

Graphical Abstract
  • Ryo Izumi Masato Miyazaki Yan Jun Li Yasuhiro Sugawara Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan 10.3762/bjnano.14.18 Abstract The recently proposed high–low Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) enables evaluation
  • actual semiconductor device evaluation, and there is a need to develop a method for obtaining such physical quantities. Here, we propose high–low Kelvin probe force spectroscopy (high–low KPFS), an electrostatic force spectroscopy method using high- and low-frequency AC bias voltages to measure the
  • surfaces to confirm the dependence of the electrostatic force on the frequency of the AC bias voltage and obtain the interface state density. Keywords: high–low Kelvin probe force microscopy; high–low Kelvin probe force spectroscopy; interface state density; Kelvin probe force microscopy; Kelvin probe
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Published 31 Jan 2023

Structural, optical, and bioimaging characterization of carbon quantum dots solvothermally synthesized from o-phenylenediamine

  • Zoran M. Marković,
  • Milica D. Budimir,
  • Martin Danko,
  • Dušan D. Milivojević,
  • Pavel Kubat,
  • Danica Z. Zmejkoski,
  • Vladimir B. Pavlović,
  • Marija M. Mojsin,
  • Milena J. Stevanović and
  • Biljana M. Todorović Marković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 165–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.17

Graphical Abstract
  • 2.2 mg/mL. These specimens were designated as CQDs/PU. For bioimaging studies, toluene was evaporated, and a thin film of CQDs was redissolved in water and filtered. The prepared QCD samples were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier
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Published 30 Jan 2023

A distributed active patch antenna model of a Josephson oscillator

  • Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 151–164, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.16

Graphical Abstract
  • magnetic field, Hy, introduces a chain of Josephson vortices (fluxons) in the JJ. The dc bias current, Ib, exerts a Lorentz force, FL, and causes a unidirectional fluxon motion. Upon collision with the junction edge, the fluxons annihilate. The released energy produces an EMW pulse, which is partially
  • two superconducting electrodes (light blue) separated by a dielectric interlayer (yellow). Red ovals represent Josephson vortices that are driven by the Lorentz force, FL, exerted by the dc bias current, Ib. From the outside, the junction has a patch antenna geometry. However, inside it is driven by a
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Published 26 Jan 2023

Batch preparation of nanofibers containing nanoparticles by an electrospinning device with multiple air inlets

  • Dong Wei,
  • Chengwei Ye,
  • Adnan Ahmed and
  • Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 141–150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.15

Graphical Abstract
  • . Therefore, the optimal applied voltage value was 50 kV (Figure 2g), due to the stable jets generated under this voltage and the obtained fibers with smaller diameter and more uniform particle distribution. Figure 1a shows the force analysis of point A on the free surface of spinning solution and point B on
  • force (Ph) caused by the fluctuation height of spinning solution, surface tension (Ps) of the spinning solution, and electric field force (PE) produced by the applied voltage. These forces determine whether a jet could be formed at point A. The polymer fluid surface tension would make the liquid surface
  • the electric field intensity of the thin liquid surface (V/m), εα is the dielectric constant of the polymer, and k is the amount of radial fluctuations on the spinning solution surface. In addition, the centripetal force F1 at point B is generated by the horizontal component of the viscous force
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Published 23 Jan 2023

Intermodal coupling spectroscopy of mechanical modes in microcantilevers

  • Ioan Ignat,
  • Bernhard Schuster,
  • Jonas Hafner,
  • MinHee Kwon,
  • Daniel Platz and
  • Ulrich Schmid

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 123–132, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.13

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  • Ioan Ignat Bernhard Schuster Jonas Hafner MinHee Kwon Daniel Platz Ulrich Schmid Institute of Sensor and Actuator Systems, TU Wien, Gußhaustraße 27–29, 1040 Vienna, Austria 10.3762/bjnano.14.13 Abstract Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is highly regarded as a lens peering into the next discoveries
  • . Through such findings we aim to expand the field of multifrequency AFM with innumerable possibilities leading to improved signal-to-noise ratios, all accessible with no additional hardware. Keywords: atomic force microscopy; intermodal coupling; nonlinear mechanics; optomechanics; sideband cooling
  • ; Introduction Atomic force microscopy has established itself as one of the most powerful tools in nanotechnology. With meticulous setups amassing techniques such as ultra high vacuum, cryogenic temperatures, and CO-terminated tips, it is able to create a wonderful vista of surfaces, not missing the atoms for
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Published 19 Jan 2023

Characterisation of a micrometer-scale active plasmonic element by means of complementary computational and experimental methods

  • Ciarán Barron,
  • Giulia Di Fazio,
  • Samuel Kenny,
  • Silas O’Toole,
  • Robin O’Reilly and
  • Dominic Zerulla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 110–122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.12

Graphical Abstract
  • optical and thermal data are used to inform detailed finite element method simulations for verification and to predict system responses allowing for enhanced design choices to maximise modulation depth and localisation. Keywords: active plasmonics; atomic force microscope; scanning Joule expansion
  • on a sapphire substrate via physical vapour deposition (PVD). After this, two separate AFMs are used to machine channels in the silver film to create the desired constriction, which in this case measures 10 μm. The tip of the AFM is held at a set loading force in contact with the thin metal film and
  • setup used to perform such measurements. An Adama NM-RC probe (spring constant: 290.3 N/m, nominal resonance frequency: 814 kHz) has been used in contact mode to scan the topography of an electrically modulated sample with a loading force of 1.9 μN. This particular probe is intended for use in
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Published 16 Jan 2023

Antimicrobial and mechanical properties of functionalized textile by nanoarchitectured photoinduced Ag@polymer coating

  • Jessica Plé,
  • Marine Dabert,
  • Helene Lecoq,
  • Sophie Hellé,
  • Lydie Ploux and
  • Lavinia Balan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 95–109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.11

Graphical Abstract
  • cycles, during which an abrasive material (wool here) is frictioned linearly on the surface with a force of 12 N, following a Lissajous curves pattern. Figure 7a shows the Ag@PEG600DA-functionalized textile before and after 500 and 1000 abrasion cycles. The total reflectance spectra and its diffuse
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Published 12 Jan 2023

Liquid phase exfoliation of talc: effect of the medium on flake size and shape

  • Samuel M. Sousa,
  • Helane L. O. Morais,
  • Joyce C. C. Santos,
  • Ana Paula M. Barboza,
  • Bernardo R. A. Neves,
  • Elisângela S. Pinto and
  • Mariana C. Prado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 68–78, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.8

Graphical Abstract
  • based on atomic force microscopy images of thousands of flakes, the shape and size distribution of nanotalc obtained using the four different media are compared. This comparison highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the media tested and hopefully will facilitate the choice of the medium for
  • applications that have specific requirements. Keywords: 2D materials; atomic force microscopy; liquid phase exfoliation; nanomaterials; talc; Introduction Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted a lot of interest due to their outstanding properties [1]. However, large-scale production is still a
  • nanosheets [6]. The energy may be provided by an ultrasonic bath, a shear force mixer, or a tip sonicator. The solution serves three purposes: it provides a medium to propagate the mechanical energy, suspends the exfoliated nanosheets, and prevents them from agglomerating again. The versatility of the method
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Published 09 Jan 2023

Upper critical magnetic field in NbRe and NbReN micrometric strips

  • Zahra Makhdoumi Kakhaki,
  • Antonio Leo,
  • Federico Chianese,
  • Loredana Parlato,
  • Giovanni Piero Pepe,
  • Angela Nigro,
  • Carla Cirillo and
  • Carmine Attanasio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 45–51, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.5

Graphical Abstract
  • superconductivity and both contribute to the behavior of Hc2(T), namely the orbital and the paramagnetic effect. While the former is due to the Lorentz force acting on electrons of the Cooper pairs with opposite momentum, the latter is related to splitting of the spin-singlet pairs because of the Zeeman effect
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Published 05 Jan 2023

Gap-directed chemical lift-off lithographic nanoarchitectonics for arbitrary sub-micrometer patterning

  • Chang-Ming Wang,
  • Hong-Sheng Chan,
  • Chia-Li Liao,
  • Che-Wei Chang and
  • Wei-Ssu Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 34–44, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.4

Graphical Abstract
  • placed in the gap between the supporting substrate and a capping layer [43][44][45]. On the other hand, capillary force can induce the formation of nanochannel gaps when a structural top layer is brought into contact with the bottom surface [43]. Through these techniques, structures that are at the
  • environment without additional compression force. The collapse of stamps occurs spontaneously and is dependent on the properties of the PDMS stamp. Thereafter, the contact-sealed stamp was removed from the Au substrate, and the Au surface was immersed in a 1 mM ethanolic BAT solution to backfill ligand
  • force microscopy (Dimension Fastscan, Bruker Nano Surfaces, Hsinchu, Taiwan). Results and Discussion The results of selective SAM removal are visualized by backfilling biotinylated alkanethiol (BAT) molecules into the post lift-off regions followed by conjugating streptavidin and FITC-labeled anti
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Published 04 Jan 2023
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