Characterization of spherical domains at the polystyrene thin film–water interface

• Khurshid Ahmad,
• Xuezeng Zhao,
• Yunlu Pan and
• Danish Hussain

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.51

• properties of glass [4][5], and for the modification of surface properties [6][7][8] (e.g., hydrophobicity, oleophobicity). The study of the thermal [4], optical [5], mechanical [9][10], and interfacial [6][7][8] properties of thin films is a broader area of interest. Various physical and chemical processes

Comparison of the interactions of daunorubicin in a free form and attached to single-walled carbon nanotubes with model lipid membranes

• Dorota Matyszewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 524–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.46

• Experimental section. Secondly, the modification at the end (and defect sites) of the nanotubes leaves the sides of the nanotubes unmodified. Therefore, due to the strong hydrophobicity of the nanotubes one may suppose that although electrostatic interactions between the attached drug and polar heads of the

Early breast cancer screening using iron/iron oxide-based nanoplatforms with sub-femtomolar limits of detection

• Dinusha N. Udukala,
• Hongwang Wang,
• Sebastian O. Wendel,
• Aruni P. Malalasekera,
• Thilani N. Samarakoon,
• Asanka S. Yapa,
• Gayani Abayaweera,
• Matthew T. Basel,
• Pamela Maynez,
• Raquel Ortega,
• Yubisela Toledo,
• Leonie Bossmann,
• Colette Robinson,
• Katharine E. Janik,
• Olga B. Koper,
• Ping Li,
• Massoud Motamedi,
• Daniel A. Higgins,
• Gary Gadbury,
• Gaohong Zhu,
• Deryl L. Troyer and
• Stefan H. Bossmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 364–373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.33

• and FRET quenching. Notable exceptions are MMPs 1 (Figure 5) and 7 (Figure 4) where significant matrix effects were detected. As noted in Table S1 in Supporting Information File 1, the physical properties (isoelectric point and hydrophobicity index) of the consensus sequences plus peptide linkers

Single pyrimidine discrimination during voltage-driven translocation of osmylated oligodeoxynucleotides via the α-hemolysin nanopore

• Yun Ding and
• Anastassia Kanavarioti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 91–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.11

• denaturing agents, works predictably and reproducibly for short and long oligos, as well as for M13mp18, a circular 7459 bases long ssDNA with secondary structure [46]. The success in using the same protocol for ssDNA with secondary structure as for short oligos is attributed to the hydrophobicity of the

• , the R2 level oligos, pGEX3’ R2 and pGEX3’-dA25 R2, exhibit two and three, respectively (Figure 6; the third population in pGEX3’-dA25 R2 lies outside the graph in the time range). The observation of more than one populations hints to issues with the hydrophobicity of the OsBp moiety discussed above

Plasma fluorination of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes: functionalization and thermal stability

• Claudia Struzzi,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Axel Hemberg,
• Luca Petaccia,
• Jean-François Colomer,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2263–2271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.232

• on the surface attracts water adsorption, in contrast to the case of pure fluorinated carbon systems that show strong hydrophobicity [20]. In addition to the presence of oxygen atoms grafted during plasma treatment, we must consider that defects such as vacancies created during the process are

Nanostructured superhydrophobic films synthesized by electrodeposition of fluorinated polyindoles

• Gabriela Ramos Chagas,
• Thierry Darmanin and
• Frédéric Guittard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2078–2087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.212

• 6-position of indole) were synthesized and electropolymerized (Scheme 1). We report the influence of the fluorocarbon chain length and the substituent position on the surface morphology and hydrophobicity. Results and Discussion Electrodeposition In order to develop structured polymeric films, the

• characterize the surface hydrophobicity and oleophobicity: water (γLV = 72.8 mN·m−1), diiodomethane (γLV = 50.0 mN·m−1), sunflower oil (γLV ≈ 31 mN·m−1) and hexadecane (γLV = 27.6 mN·m−1). The apparent contact angles (θ) were obtained by taken the angle at the triple point of a liquid droplet put on the

An ISA-TAB-Nano based data collection framework to support data-driven modelling of nanotoxicology

• Richard L. Marchese Robinson,
• Mark T. D. Cronin,
• Andrea-Nicole Richarz and
• Robert Rallo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1978–1999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.202

• Chemistry, including reactivity, hydrophobicity” [53]. Secondly, this required consideration of which corresponding Material file “Characteristics […]” and/or Assay file “Measurement Value […]” columns needed to be defined - as well as, in some cases, which “Parameter Value […]” columns needed to be defined

Influence of surface chemical properties on the toxicity of engineered zinc oxide nanoparticles to embryonic zebrafish

• Zitao Zhou,
• Jino Son,
• Bryan Harper,
• Zheng Zhou and
• Stacey Harper

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1568–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.160

• toxicity [11][28]. Hydrophobicity was selected as the Log P (partitioning coefficient) of NPs has been found to be related to toxic responses in other organisms [29]; however, since ZnO NPs can release zinc ions [30] and Log P is pH-independent [31], distribution coefficient (Log D) was also considered for

• properties of this ligand are somewhat unique relative to the others, perhaps due to the long chain length (Figure 2) and high hydrophobicity of oleic acid (Table 2). Oleic acid coated ZnO NPs which have the highest hydrophobicity (Log D 5.62), showed the smaller size one was more toxic and separated from

• (Cl− 0.0174 mol/L and Na+, K+ 0.0165 mol/L) to affect its value relative to water, thus these inherent properties value are expected to reflect the true properties in fishwater. This suggests that future studies should continue to investigate surface features impacting the hydrophobicity of the

Applications of three-dimensional carbon nanotube networks

• Manuela Scarselli,
• Paola Castrucci,
• Francesco De Nicola,
• Ilaria Cacciotti,
• Francesca Nanni,
• Emanuela Gatto,
• Mariano Venanzi and
• Maurizio De Crescenzi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 792–798, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.82

• respond to incident light in the visible and near-ultraviolet region and to generate a photocurrent. Keywords: carbon nanotube sponge; electrochemical; hydrophobicity; lipophilicity; Introduction In the last years, there has been growing interest in developing natural and synthetic three-dimensional

• capability to sustain high compression loads as recently reported for our samples [14]. Furthermore, two interesting properties that originate from the high porosity and the presence of numerous interconnected one-dimensional nanostructures are the hydrophobicity and oleophilicity. To better characterize the

• hydrophobicity one can measure the advanced static contact angle at room temperature for water droplets of different volumes ranging from 5 to 20 µL, as shown in Figure 4a. The presence of a composite solid–liquid–air interface explains the high value of the measured contact angle (Θ = 175°), as evaluated in

Self-assembled anchor layers/polysaccharide coatings on titanium surfaces: a study of functionalization and stability

• Ognen Pop-Georgievski,
• Dana Kubies,
• Josef Zemek,
• Neda Neykova,
• Roman Demianchuk,
• Eliška Mázl Chánová,
• Miroslav Šlouf,
• Milan Houska and
• František Rypáček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 617–631, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.63

• treated) to 40 ± 1°, 72 ± 1° and 60 ± 5° for the substrates containing neridronate, APTES and PDA, respectively. Here, the lower hydrophilicity is caused by the presence of organic molecules with increased hydrophobicity in comparison to the neat titanium surface. The surface immobilization of these

A scanning probe microscope for magnetoresistive cantilevers utilizing a nested scanner design for large-area scans

• Tobias Meier,
• Alexander Förste,
• Ali Tavassolizadeh,
• Karsten Rott,
• Dirk Meyners,
• Roland Gröger,
• Günter Reiss,
• Eckhard Quandt,
• Thomas Schimmel and
• Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 451–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.46

• sensors, we applied polymer blend lithography to pattern structured self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on hydrophilic SiOx [63]. In order to obtain a high chemical contrast we used 1.3 nm high monolayers of FDTS (1H,1H,2H,2H - perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane), which are well known for their hydrophobicity [64

Biological responses to nanoscale particles

• Reinhard Zellner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 380–382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.37

• studies of nanoparticles) that the surface area seems to be one of the properties that causes a severe biological response, other properties such as solubility, hydrophobicity, surface functionalization, surface charge, colloidal stability and nanoparticle morphology have been suggested to be of equal

Exploiting the hierarchical morphology of single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotube films for highly hydrophobic coatings

• Francesco De Nicola,
• Paola Castrucci,
• Manuela Scarselli,
• Francesca Nanni,
• Ilaria Cacciotti and
• Maurizio De Crescenzi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 353–360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.34

• investigation of carbon nanotube films through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals the multi-scale hierarchical morphology of the self-assembled carbon nanotube random networks. Moreover, contact angle measurements show that hierarchical SWCNT/MWCNT composite surfaces exhibit a higher hydrophobicity

• properties of the carbon nanotubes (e.g., self-assembly, nanotube diameter and spatial orientation) and film preparation method. We also found that for the SWCNT/MWCNT sample the extrinsic surface hierarchy increased the hydrophobicity of the MWCNT sample, exhibiting a highly hydrophobic average contact

• measured data, thus confirming that the achieved hydrophobic Cassie–Baxter states are metastable. Nevertheless, this result suggests a consistent air pocket formation [9]. Therefore, we can assert that the only cause of the improved hydrophobicity/lipophilicity of the SWCNT/MWCNT film over the MWCNT film

Increasing throughput of AFM-based single cell adhesion measurements through multisubstrate surfaces

• Miao Yu,
• Nico Strohmeyer,
• Jinghe Wang,
• Daniel J. Müller and
• Jonne Helenius

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 157–166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.15

• between the glass and PDMS surfaces, such as hydrophobicity or the specifics of protein absorption, may also account for this difference. However, since the difference in adhesion to BSA only occurred for PC3 cells (Figure 4) and was minor compared to specific adhesion, we conclude that both glass and

• hydrophilic during plasma treatment, and thus, liquid coating drops spread over the masks. Storing the PDMS in air will restore the hydrophobicity of the surface. Cell culture PC3 cells were maintained in RPMI-1640-supplemented (Gibco-Life technologies) 1 mM sodium pyruvate; HeLa cells (Kyoto) and mouse

Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes and their applications

• Saban Kalay,
• Zehra Yilmaz,
• Ozlem Sen,
• Melis Emanet,
• Emine Kazanc and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 84–102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.9

• applications due to their unique physicochemical properties including high hydrophobicity, heat and electrical insulation, resistance to oxidation, and hydrogen storage capacity. They are also valued for their possible medical and biomedical applications including drug delivery, use in biomaterials, and

• have a partially ionic character, which causes a gap between the valence and conduction bands. Therefore, the B–N bonds behave as a wide band gap semiconductor. Some relevant properties of BNNTs are as follows: high hydrophobicity, resistance to oxidation and heat, high hydrogen storage capacity and

• substrate where the contact angle was found to be more than 170° [8]. The origin of this super hydrophobicity was attributed to the surface morphology and adsorption capacity of BNNTs for airborne molecules [9]. BNNTs were also used to prepare composite materials to enhance their physical properties. Bansal

Materials and characterization techniques for high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Roswitha Zeis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 68–83, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.8

• surface of the platinum catalyst and therefore hampers the reaction kinetics. Additionally, the binder material plays a key role in regulating the hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity of the catalyst layer. Subsequently, the binder controls the electrode–membrane interface that establishes the triple phase

Formation of stable Si–O–C submonolayers on hydrogen-terminated silicon(111) under low-temperature conditions

• Yit Lung Khung,
• Siti Hawa Ngalim,
• Andrea Scaccabarozzi and
• Dario Narducci

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 19–26, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.3

• -ethynyl-α,α,α-trifluorotoluene (trifluoroalkyne), whose trifluoride functional group serves both as both a surface marker (in the C 1s reaction) and as a means of raising the surface hydrophobicity upon functionalization of the alkyne, and 4-ethynylbenzyl alcohol (ethynylbenzyl alcohol) whose hydroxy (OH

• value was 89.6 ± 3.0°, higher than for the CF3-terminated trifluoroalkyne. One would imagine that the trifluoroalkyne would exhibit a higher hydrophobicity due to its fluoro-group termination while the higher values observed for the ethynylbenzyl alcohol could only be explained by the formation of Si–O

Functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles as a platform for studying bio–nano interactions

• Cornelia Loos,
• Tatiana Syrovets,
• Anna Musyanovych,
• Volker Mailänder,
• Katharina Landfester,
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus and
• Thomas Simmet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2403–2412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.250

• to size or surface properties of nanoparticles. By using polystyrene particles, it is possible to explore the effect of the size, the surface charge, and the hydrophobicity of the particles on cells. These studies show that, although, polystyrene has been claimed to be nontoxic, functionalized

Effects of surface functionalization on the adsorption of human serum albumin onto nanoparticles – a fluorescence correlation spectroscopy study

• Pauline Maffre,
• Stefan Brandholt,
• Karin Nienhaus,
• Li Shang,
• Wolfgang J. Parak and
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2036–2047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.212

• potential and the excellent colloidal stability of the DHLA-coated NPs. Zwitterionic surfaces, however, are famous for their hydrophobicity, protein adsorption resistance and anti-fouling properties, which strongly argues against a destabilizing effect of DPA-QDs [51]. Of note is that our measured ΔRH value

Experimental techniques for the characterization of carbon nanoparticles – a brief overview

• Wojciech Kempiński,
• Szymon Łoś,
• Mateusz Kempiński and
• Damian Markowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1760–1766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.186

• represents the fluid–wall, and ff the fluid–fluid interaction. For α ≥ 1.15, the system is considered wet, while for α ≤ 1.15 it is considered non-wet. The α value for CCl4 in graphite is 1.9 while for water in graphite it is 0.48. A low α results in the strong hydrophobicity of the CN surface (ACF pore

Controlling the dispersion of supported polyoxometalate heterogeneous catalysts: impact of hybridization and the role of hydrophilicity–hydrophobicity balance and supramolecularity

• Gijo Raj,
• Colas Swalus,
• Eglantine Arendt,
• Pierre Eloy,
• Michel Devillers and
• Eric M. Gaigneaux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1749–1759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.185

Non-covalent and reversible functionalization of carbon nanotubes

• Antonello Di Crescenzo,
• Valeria Ettorre and
• Antonella Fontana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1675–1690, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.178

• interactions that nanotubes establish with the surrounding medium with semiconducting tubes favoring donor-acceptor interactions [36][37]. Non-covalent interactions and hydrophobicity of CNTs Despite pristine carbon nanotubes possess a π-conjugative structure with a highly hydrophobic surface, they are

• . demonstrated that sorption of phenanthrene and naphtalene to CNTs is correlated to the hydrophobicity of the corresponding PAH [46]. Stable dispersions of SWCNTs in THF have been easily achieved by sonicating CNTs with diazapentacene at room temperature [47] (see Table 1). The adsorption is solely imputable to

• the nanotube surface with proper dispersant molecules. Molecular dynamic simulations allowed us to highlight that the SWCNT surface coverage is systematically ensured by the hydrophobic domain of the amphiphilic dispersant. An increase of hydrophobicity therefore causes weaker inter-tube contacts

Growth and structural discrimination of cortical neurons on randomly oriented and vertically aligned dense carbon nanotube networks

• Christoph Nick,
• Sandeep Yadav,
• Ravi Joshi,
• Christiane Thielemann and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1575–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.169

• reported ability to tailor the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of such 3D aligned CNT structures over a wide range from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic [29] the directional cell growth on such structures should be possible and would thus allow understanding these observed preferences from a surface

Hydrophobic interaction governs unspecific adhesion of staphylococci: a single cell force spectroscopy study

• Nicolas Thewes,
• Peter Loskill,
• Philipp Jung,
• Henrik Peisker,
• Markus Bischoff,
• Mathias Herrmann and
• Karin Jacobs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1501–1512, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.163

• ) cannot be excluded and it will depend on the hydrophobicity of these components. However, proteins will play the key role in adhesion to hydrophobic surfaces due to their strong hydrophobic parts. Therefore, we will only talk about cell wall proteins in the following, but are aware of the fact that also

Synthesis, characterization, and growth simulations of Cu–Pt bimetallic nanoclusters

• Subarna Khanal,
• Ana Spitale,
• Nabraj Bhattarai,
• Daniel Bahena,
• J. Jesus Velazquez-Salazar,
• Sergio Mejía-Rosales,
• Marcelo M. Mariscal and
• Miguel José-Yacaman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1371–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.150

• , approximating the canonical ensemble. Although it does not fully represent an implicit solvent (electrostatic screening and hydrophobicity), it mimics the viscosity of the medium. The original GCLD method was developed by M. M. Mariscal and co-workers [43][44] to study metallic deposition phenomena on