On the structure of grain/interphase boundaries and interfaces

• K. Anantha Padmanabhan and
• Herbert Gleiter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1603–1615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.172

• embedded inside a solid matrix, the energy associated with the insertion of the atom cluster into the solid matrix also has to be included. Eshelby [8] has explained how this can be done in a quantitative manner by approximating the shape of the basic unit to an oblate spheroid. This will lead to an

• intensive. Such a computation will, however, result only in values for the above parameters for the atom cluster of oblate spheroid shape. But, in the real situation this cluster is embedded in a solid matrix. Eshelby [8] has already shown how such an insertion process modifies the important engineering

Magnesium batteries: Current state of the art, issues and future perspectives

• Rana Mohtadi and
• Fuminori Mizuno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1291–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.143

• highly reducing electrochemical environment remains a source of several challenges as explained in subsection 1.1 Aiming at overcoming these, magnesium ion insertion anodes have been recently proposed and demonstrated. These are explained in subsection 1.2. 1.1 The magnesium metal anode When discussing

• that crystals growth of deposited magnesium is determined by the thermodynamic stability and the diffusion rates of Mg ions. 1.2 Magnesium ion insertion anodes In order to overcome limitations of the electrolytes induced by their reactivity with the magnesium metal, insertion type anodes were proposed

• as one potential solution. As described below, magnesium insertion anodes did offer the opportunity of using electrolytes made from magnesium ionic salts in polar aprotic solvents. However, they are currently faced with challenges caused by extremely sluggish magnesium insertion/extraction kinetics

Model systems for studying cell adhesion and biomimetic actin networks

• Dorothea Brüggemann,
• Johannes P. Frohnmayer and
• Joachim P. Spatz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1193–1202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.131

• molar affinity of talin to lipid vesicles [77]. The insertion behaviour of talin into negatively charged lipid bilayers was investigated in more detail by the film balance method combined with fluorescence imaging. With this technique, Sackmann and co-workers showed that fluorescently labelled as well

Influence of particle size and fluorination ratio of CF_x precursor compounds on the electrochemical performance of C–FeF₂ nanocomposites for reversible lithium storage

• Ben Breitung,
• M. Anji Reddy,
• Venkata Sai Kiran Chakravadhanula,
• Michael Engel,
• Christian Kübel,
• Annie K. Powell,
• Horst Hahn and
• Maximilian Fichtner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 705–713, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.80

• ; enregy-related; graphite fluoride; lithium battery; iron fluoride; Introduction Lithium-ion batteries are key energy storage systems for portable and mobile electric devices. However, for applications that need high energy densities, current insertion-based lithium-ion batteries do not match the targets

• for such systems [1][2][3][4]. As a perspective, energy storage materials that are based on conversion reactions may offer high theoretical capacities and high theoretical energy densities for hydrogen storage and for electrochemical storage in batteries [5]. Compared to state-of-the-art insertion

• to 571 mAh/g [8]. This mainly results from a utilization of several oxidation states of the active metal that allows for a multi-electron process per redox step compared to only one-electron processes in the insertion materials [9][10][11]. An early example for conversion reactions in batteries was

A nano-graphite cold cathode for an energy-efficient cathodoluminescent light source

• Alexander N. Obraztsov,
• Victor I. Kleshch and
• Elena A. Smolnikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 493–500, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.58

• vacuum electronic technologies, including outgasing with thermal annealing at about 400 °C and porous Ti getter insertion into the sealed device. Commercially available CL phosphor materials with the chemical composition ZnS CdS:CuAl for green lamps, Y2O2S:Eu for red lamps, and ZnS:Ag for blue lamps were

Grating-assisted coupling to nanophotonic circuits in microcrystalline diamond thin films

• Patrik Rath,
• Svetlana Khasminskaya,
• Christoph Nebel,
• Christoph Wild and
• Wolfram H.P. Pernice

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 300–305, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.33

• circuits with insertion loss of −5.0 dB. Our approach holds promise for transferring established silicon photonics technology to a diamond platform for applications in broadband optics and biological sensing. Results Fabrication of diamond photonic circuits Diamond provides a relatively high refractive

Functionalization of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

• Eloise Van Hooijdonk,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Rony Snyders and
• Jean-François Colomer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 129–152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.14

• polymer-free region (Figure 19). Mechanical insertion of a VA-CNT forest in a spin-cast PM allows the best control of the penetration depth [145]. A post-treatment consisting of the attachment of nanoparticles in the polymer-free region can take place (as discussed in the previous section), the

Characterization of the mechanical properties of qPlus sensors

• Jan Berger,
• Martin Švec,
• Martin Müller,
• Martin Ledinský,
• Antonín Fejfar,
• Pavel Jelínek and
• Zsolt Majzik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 1–9, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.1

• an optical microscope Leica DM LM prior to insertion into UHV. The horizontal resolution of this microscope with objective Leica N PLAN L 50× (NA 0.5) is at least 2 μm. The measured lengths and calculated stiffness values are listed in Table 1. By using the minimal resolution for the microscope, the

Synthesis and electrical characterization of intrinsic and in situ doped Si nanowires using a novel precursor

• Wolfgang Molnar,
• Alois Lugstein,
• Tomasz Wojcik,
• Peter Pongratz,
• Norbert Auner,
• Christian Bauch and
• Emmerich Bertagnolli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 564–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.65

• requires the modification of growth parameters, such as temperature and feed-gas composition, to achieve effective NW growth. Moreover the addition of the dopant species, and thus the expected insertion of B into the lattice of the Si-NW, also influences the morphology and crystal orientation. Nevertheless

Low-temperature synthesis of carbon nanotubes on indium tin oxide electrodes for organic solar cells

• Andrea Capasso,
• Luigi Salamandra,
• Aldo Di Carlo,
• John M. Bell and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 524–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.60

• states of ITO–CNT lying lower than those of ITO. A similar kind of band alignment is almost achieved in the standard cell architecture by the insertion of a layer of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):(polystyrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS). This polymer is used to improve the contact (and reduce the

• extra blocking contact (e.g., for holes at the ITO electrode) can be the reason for the small FF values found, which increases only by ~5% in the case of sample C1. This could be considered in the equivalent circuit with the insertion of a counter diode D2 or by another shunt Rsh that directly connects

A facile approach to nanoarchitectured three-dimensional graphene-based Li–Mn–O composite as high-power cathodes for Li-ion batteries

• Wenyu Zhang,
• Yi Zeng,
• Chen Xu,
• Ni Xiao,
• Yiben Gao,
• Lain-Jong Li,
• Xiaodong Chen,
• Huey Hoon Hng and
• Qingyu Yan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 513–523, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.59

• (187.5 mA·g−1) between 3 and 4.5 V. The 4 V plateau during discharge corresponds to the reduction of Mn4+ to Mn3.5+ through the reaction of Li1−xMn2O4 + xe− + xLi+ → LiMn2O4, where x is ~1 [41]. The highly reversible lithium insertion/extraction process is indicated by the symmetric nature of the charge

• . The plateau at ~3 V corresponds to the further reduction of Mn3.5+ to Mn3+ through LiMn2O4 + ye− + yLi+ → Li1+yMn2O4, where y is ~1 [46]. The symmetrical feature of the charge and discharge curves indicates the highly reversible lithium insertion/extraction process. The rate capability of the LMO/G

Imaging ultra thin layers with helium ion microscopy: Utilizing the channeling contrast mechanism

• Gregor Hlawacek,
• Vasilisa Veligura,
• Stefan Lorbek,
• Tijs F. Mocking,
• Antony George,
• Raoul van Gastel,
• Harold J. W. Zandvliet and
• Bene Poelsema

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 507–512, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.58

• Co (99.995%) wire. During evaporation the sample was kept at room temperature. Afterwards it was annealed at 600 K for 8 min and for a shorter period of 4 min at 700 K. Before insertion into the HIM the sample was briefly exposed to air during which time a thin oxide layer most likely formed [10

Forming nanoparticles of water-soluble ionic molecules and embedding them into polymer and glass substrates

• Stella Kiel,
• Olga Grinberg,
• Nina Perkas,
• Jerome Charmet,
• Herbert Kepner and
• Aharon Gedanken

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 267–276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.30

• of NaCl nanoboxes on a silicon wafer and silica glass slide as substrate, through an evaporation-induced self-assembly process [7]. The insertion of nanocrystals into polymer and glass substrates was also performed by some physical methods. The incorporation of NaCl nanocrystals into porous glass by

Quantitative multichannel NC-AFM data analysis of graphene growth on SiC(0001)

• Christian Held,
• Thomas Seyller and
• Roland Bennewitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 179–185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.19

• six bilayers of SiC(0001) each with a height of 0.25 nm. Wafers of 6H-SiC(0001) were purchased from SiCrystal AG. Polishing scratches were removed by hydrogen etching (grade 5.0, p = 1 bar, T = 1550 °C, t = 15 min) [1]. After insertion into UHV and heating to 120 °C for 10 h to remove adsorbed water

Towards multiple readout application of plasmonic arrays

• Dana Cialla,
• Karina Weber,
• René Böhme,
• Uwe Hübner,
• Henrik Schneidewind,
• Matthias Zeisberger,
• Roland Mattheis,
• Robert Möller and
• Jürgen Popp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 501–508, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.54

• among others factors to the fluorescence emission of the dye, was subtracted from all SERS spectra for better visibility. An intense SERS signal of the reporter molecule Cy3.5 was detected due to the double helix formation in the complementary case. By insertion of mismatches within the DNA strand, the

Functional morphology, biomechanics and biomimetic potential of stem–branch connections in Dracaena reflexa and Freycinetia insignis

• Tom Masselter,
• Sandra Eckert and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 173–185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.21

• loosely interconnected fibrous bundles in a rather flexible parenchymatous ground tissue. Insertion of the fibrous bundles and gradual connection with the ground tissue as well as the intertwining arrangement of the fibrous bundles leads to a structure which allows for a high load bearing capacity