Thickness dependent oxidation in CrCl₃: a scanning X-ray photoemission and Kelvin probe microscopies study

• Shafaq Kazim,
• Rahul Parmar,
• Maryam Azizinia,
• Matteo Amati,
• Muhammad Rauf,
• Andrea Di Cicco,
• Seyed Javid Rezvani,
• Dario Mastrippolito,
• Luca Ottaviano,
• Tomasz Klimczuk,
• Luca Gregoratti and
• Roberto Gunnella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 749–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.58

• [2][11][8][10], focusing on thin layered flakes and the role of the layer thicknesses obtained by spectro- and scanning microscopy with a lateral resolution of a few tens of nanometers. The interaction with the supporting substrate is a crucial factor [3][12] regarding the properties of the flakes

Serum heat inactivation diminishes ApoE-mediated uptake of D-Lin-MC3-DMA lipid nanoparticles

• Demian van Straten,
• Luuk van de Schepop,
• Rowan Frunt,
• Pieter Vader and
• Raymond M. Schiffelers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 740–748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.57

• and efficacy [1]. It is becoming increasingly clear that the biological fate and overall performance of nanoparticles are influenced by their interaction with the bioenvironment. As a nanoparticle interacts with a biological matrix upon administration, a layer of biomolecules, primarily composed of

Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

• Uyen Bao Tran,
• Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
• Khai The Truong,
• Dat Anh Nguyen,
• Quang Nhat Tran,
• Huu-Quang Nguyen,
• Jaebeom Lee and
• Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

• , compromising the material’s stability. This interaction significantly influences the model (p-value < 0.05), particularly through the GA volume (X3). The interaction of the mole ratio between Ca2+ and Mg2+ (X4) with other factors also has a significant effect on the model, yielding an optimal value of

• mechanism of TC onto the PGC surface through (b) electrostatic interaction, (c) hydrogen bonding, and (d) CH–π interaction. Synthesis procedure for PGC. Surface area characterizations of PGC determinded by BET method. Characteristic parameters and R2 coefficients of the Langmuir and Freundlich models

High-temperature epitaxial growth of tantalum nitride thin films on MgO: structural evolution and potential for SQUID applications

• Michelle Cedillo Rosillo,
• Oscar Contreras López,
• Jesús Antonio Díaz,
• Agustín Conde Gallardo and
• Harvi A. Castillo Cuero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 690–699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.53

• the displacement of O2, effectively reducing the incorporation of O₂ within the thin films. The interaction between a laser-generated plume and the surrounding background gas is a dynamic and complex process significantly influenced by the background gas pressure. Understanding these interactions is

• specific case of TaN deposition, increasing the N2 background pressure favors the formation of TaN by enhancing the interaction between tantalum species in the plume and the nitrogen gas. Monitoring the positions of the Ta 4f7/2 and Ta 4f5/2 peaks can reveal any chemical state changes that Ta and N may

• developing SQUIDs, which are highly sensitive instruments designed to measure extremely weak magnetic fields. The operation of a SQUID is intimately linked to the fundamental properties of superconductors and their interaction with magnetic fields. Therefore, the results of this work demonstrate the

The impact of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane hole transport layer doping on interfacial charge extraction and recombination

• Konstantinos Bidinakis and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 678–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.52

• as grain boundaries and interfacial defect states that hinder performance. Specifically, since the interaction of adjacent layers at the interfaces of a solar cell is an important limiting factor for its operation, there is a need for dedicated studies regarding interfacial behavior. Kelvin probe

• therefore a charge accumulation within the perovskite. Initial studies suggested that this asymmetrical charge carrier behavior indicates an unfavorable hole extraction and a promoted electron extraction [9][13][14], but the migration and interaction of mobile ions (such as I− ions interacting with 2,2',7,7

• , promoting p-doping, and diminishing recombination at the HTL interface. This, in conjunction with the superior PTTA/perovskite interaction and the favorable morphological properties of PTTA, leads to a considerable increase in the voltage drop at the hole extracting side of the device. We also noted the

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• , characterized by numerous hydroxy groups, is proposed to potentially form non-covalent interactions, such as π–π stacking, with the carbon network and oxygen atoms of graphite [16][20]. This interaction could exfoliate graphite, resulting in a stable colloidal dispersion of functionalized graphene sheets. The

• metal ion chelation. Chromatin contains copper ions, which readily participate in redox reactions and bind strongly to DNA. These ions can form complexes with TA. Within cancer cells, for instance, this interaction can trigger ROS production and DNA damage [17]. However, when TA is complexed with

• following treatment with increasing concentrations of FLG–TA (B). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of PDL cells in contact with FLG–TA for 24 and 48 h, showing the progressive interaction between cells and the FLG–TA composite over time. Images are shown for control (A0–A5) and concentrations of 1

Aprepitant-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: a novel approach to enhance oral bioavailability

• Mazhar Hussain,
• Muhammad Farooq,
• Muhammad Asad Saeed,
• Muhammad Ijaz,
• Sherjeel Adnan,
• Zeeshan Masood,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Wafa Ishaq and
• Nabeela Ameer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 652–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.50

• the crystal state into an amorphous state after SLN preparation. FTIR results indicated compatibility between APT and the polymers. XRD, TGA, and DSC results indicated no physical interaction between drug and polymers. In vitro drug release studies showed that APT-CD-NP4 yielded the maximum drug

• facilitates strong interaction with APT, resulting the enhanced encapsulation efficiency. Nazli Erdogar et al. achieved a higher encapsulation efficiency for aprepitant with PEG–chitosan-coated cyclodextrin nanocapsules [16]. Zeta potential, particle size analysis and polydispersity index Zeta potential is a

• solvents were stronger and minimized the formation of cracks. However, APT-loaded SLNs formulations in the aqueous phase appeared as nonspherical granules. FTIR studies FTIR spectroscopy was applied to estimate any interaction between APT and β-CD or poloxamer 407 in APT-CD-NP4 and APT-PX-NP8. Figure 4a

A formulation containing Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil: improvement of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in diabetic rats

• Ailton Santos Sena-Júnior,
• Cleverton Nascimento Santana Andrade,
• Pedro Henrique Macedo Moura,
• Jocsã Hémany Cândido dos Santos,
• Cauãn Torres Trancoso,
• Eloia Emanuelly Dias Silva,
• Deise Maria Rego Rodrigues Silva,
• Ênio Pereira Telles,
• Luiz André Santos Silva,
• Isabella Lima Dantas Teles,
• Sara Fernanda Mota de Almeida,
• Daniel Alves de Souza,
• Jileno Ferreira Santos,
• Felipe José Aidar Martins,
• Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva,
• Sandra Lauton-Santos,
• Guilherme Rodolfo Souza de Araujo,
• Cristiane Bani Correa,
• Rogéria De Souza Nunes,
• Lysandro Pinto Borges and
• Ana Amélia Moreira Lira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 617–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.48

• surroundings, covering a wider spectrum of compounds [34]. Finally, FRAP evaluates the interaction of the compounds with a ferric complex (TPTZ-Fe3+), with hydrogen donation and reduction effects (TPTZ-Fe2+). Another point to be raised is the saturation of the system. In the DPPH test, the antioxidant activity

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• deposits of the ECM and collagen protein, contributing to tissue repair. Interaction between the dermis and epidermis helps in regulating and restoring the skin’s homeostasis function while maintaining its overall integrity. This period might extend from a few months to a year, depending on the wound [45

Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy

• Shiwani Randhawa,
• Trilok Chand Saini,
• Manik Bathla,
• Rahul Bhardwaj,
• Rubina Dhiman and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44

• formation. This review provides an in-depth analysis of various nanochaperones developed to target AβOs, detailing their mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential via focusing on two main strategies, namely, disruption of AβOs through direct interaction and the inhibition of AβO nucleation by binding

• to intermediates of the oligomerization process. Evidence from in vivo studies indicate that NMs hold promise for ameliorating AD symptoms. Additionally, the review explores the different interaction mechanisms through which nanoparticles exhibit their inhibitory effects on AβOs, providing insights

• . employed a combination of experimental and computational approaches to investigate the interaction between PEGylated NPs and Aβ monomers. Their findings revealed that surface interactions between NPs and Aβ monomers effectively inhibited the formation of AβOs [59]. Building upon their previous research

Retrieval of B1 phase from high-pressure B2 phase for CdO nanoparticles by electronic excitations in Cd_xZn_1−xO composite thin films

• Arkaprava Das,
• Marcin Zając and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 551–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.43

• Arkaprava Das Marcin Zajac Carla Bittencourt Chimie des Interaction Plasma surface, Research Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, Université of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium SOLARIS National Synchrotron Radiation Centre, Jagiellonian University, 30-392 Krakow, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.16.43

Electron beam-based direct writing of nanostructures using a palladium β-ketoesterate complex

• Chinmai Sai Jureddy,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Patrik Hoffmann and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 530–539, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.41

• complicated. In our case, considering the literature values for the electron interaction cross section, we tend to favor the DD regime conditions (please see details in Supporting Information File 1, section S2). However, in both regimes, molecular fragments will have enough time to desorb before being

Zeolite materials with Ni and Co: synthesis and catalytic potential in the selective hydrogenation of citral

• Inocente Rodríguez-Iznaga,
• Yailen Costa Marrero,
• Tania Farias Piñeira,
• Céline Fontaine,
• Lexane Paget,
• Beatriz Concepción Rosabal,
• Arbelio Penton Madrigal,
• Vitalii Petranovskii and
• Gwendoline Lafaye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 520–529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.40

• influence between Ni2+ and Co2+ cations with each facilitating the reduction of the other, likely due to a weakening of the interaction between isolated cations and the zeolite framework. In bimetallic systems, Ni2+ and Co2+ cations compete for extra-framework cationic positions in the zeolite phases. As a

• result, these cations occupy positions where their interaction with the zeolite framework is diminished compared to monometallic system, facilitating their reduction at lower temperature. Catalytic test in citral hydrogenation The main pathway of citral hydrogenation is illustrated in Figure 5, and the

• be discussed later. The catalytic activity of the CoNiZIE catalyst in the selective hydrogenation of citral to unsaturated alcohols (geraniol and nerol) can be attributed to a synergistic interaction between cobalt and nickel species. These active species are likely associated with isolated cations

Water in nanoporous hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets: a first-principles study

• Juliana A. Gonçalves,
• Ronaldo J. C. Batista and
• Marcia C. Barbosa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 510–519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.39

• hydrogen bonds with the N–H-terminated surface in rhombic pores, but not with the B–N-terminated surface, potentially leading to asymmetries in water flow through the pore area. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the interaction between nanoporous h-BN membranes and water. Keywords: boron

• as a molecular sieve [22][23][24][25]. Theoretical studies using molecular dynamics simulations analyzed the impact of the partial charge on the h-BN membrane surface on water molecules and salt ion transport [26]. They noted that the Coulomb interaction between water molecules/ions and the channels

• passage of ions and polar molecules. However, the use of h-BN as a membrane for water desalination is still a relatively new area of research. In this paper we propose an analysis using first-principles calculations to understand the stability of pores in monolayer h-BN and their interaction with water

N₂⁺-implantation-induced tailoring of structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of sputtered molybdenum thin films

• Usha Rani,
• Kafi Devi,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 495–509, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.38

• the formation of certain planes [41]. Furthermore, the interaction between the substrate and the thin film can generate stress and strain, affecting the growth of specific planes. If the substrate promotes the (111) orientation through lattice compatibility, the resultant Mo thin film exhibits a

• two parameters ψ and Δ characterize a change in polarization state. ψ denotes the amplitude ratio between p-polarized (parallel to the plane of incidence) and s-polarized (perpendicular to the plane of incidence) light components after interaction with the sample. Δ denotes the phase difference

• and implanted Mo thin films increases with increasing film thickness. The increased refractive index suggests increased particle density and a better interaction between light and Mo thin films. Electrical properties Figure 10 shows the current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of the as-deposited and

Impact of adsorbate–substrate interaction on nanostructured thin films growth during low-pressure condensation

• Alina V. Dvornichenko,
• Vasyl O. Kharchenko and
• Dmitrii O. Kharchenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 473–483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.36

• elastic adsorbate–substrate interactions in processes of nanostructuring of thin films during low-pressure condensation in the framework of theoretical approaches and numerical simulations. It will be shown that an increase in the elastic interaction strength induces first-order transitions and pattern

• different adsorbate–substrate bonding. Keywords: adsorbate–substrate interaction; adsorptive systems; numerical simulations; pattern formation; Introduction Innovative nanostructured thin films are widely exploited in ground-breaking developments regarding transistors [1][2], energy harvesting [3][4

• –substrate interactions on scales shorter than the diffusion length. The strength of adsorbate–substrate interaction is defined by both substrate and adsorbed material. Adsorbate–substrate interactions encompass a broad spectrum of physical and chemical phenomena that dictate the initial nucleation

Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment

• Ana Cubillo Alvarez,
• Dylan Maguire and
• Ruairí P. Brannigan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34

• aforementioned studies demonstrated the great potential of cationic PEI–ASO vehicles for antisense therapy since the positively charged surface facilitates antisense conjugation and interaction with cellular membranes. However, the conjugation and in vivo delivery and uptake efficacy of neutral ASOs, such as

Biomimetics and bioinspired surfaces: from nature to theory and applications

• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira,
• Thies H. Büscher,
• Manuela Rebora,
• Poramate Manoonpong,
• Zhendong Dai and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 418–421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.32

• ) approach. For instance, Bartoli et al. [8] reviewed the potential applications of nanostructured carbon coatings – such as nanodiamonds, carbon nanotubes, and graphene-based materials – to improve interaction on the interface between medical implants and living cells. Several biological materials exhibit

Size control of nanoparticles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquids using donut-shaped beams

• Abdel Rahman Altakroury,
• Oleksandr Gatsa,
• Farbod Riahi,
• Zongwen Fu,
• Miroslava Flimelová,
• Andrei Samokhvalov,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 407–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.31

• that occurs after absorption of the laser radiation and localized heating of the target surface. The plume interacts with the surrounding liquid. This interaction defines the cooling rate of the species present in the plasma and significantly affects NP growth (i.e., plasma quenching forms small NPs

ReactorAFM/STM – dynamic reactions on surfaces at elevated temperature and atmospheric pressure

• Tycho Roorda,
• Hamed Achour,
• Matthijs A. van Spronsen,
• Marta E. Cañas-Ventura,
• Sander B. Roobol,
• Willem Onderwaater,
• Mirthe Bergman,
• Peter van der Tuijn,
• Gertjan van Baarle,
• Johan W. Bakker,
• Joost W. M. Frenken and
• Irene M. N. Groot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 397–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.30

• the electric tunneling effect, AFM probes the forces of the tip–sample interaction. This makes AFM independent of surface conductivity and therefore a powerful tool to bridge the materials gap. The drawback of this high-pressure AFM setup is that it could not be combined with STM. While STM provides

• larger. The QTF’s resonance frequency depends on pressure according to the following equation: where μ is the added mass due to the interaction with surrounding gas molecules, ρ is the density of the quartz tuning fork, and A is the area of the cross section [19]. Basically, the pressure dependence is

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• with passing energy at 80 eV, and the binding energy spectrum was recorded from 0 to 1,400 eV. The functional group interaction of PEG–PCL nanoparticles was assessed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy (Thermo Scientific, Nicolet 6700). An amout of 5 mg of PEG, PCL, and PEG–PCL

• PEG–PCL NPs and the Bradford reagent. The colorimetric changes were visually observed, and the corresponding spectral absorbance was measured using spectrophotometry. Results and Discussion Synthesis of PEG–PCL nanoparticles The synthesis procedure of PEG–PCL nanoparticles and their interaction

• nanoparticles that can interact with both aqueous and non-aqueous environments. The synthesis begins with the interaction of the metal oxide initiator, tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (Sn(oct)2), with the monomers ethylene oxide and ε-caprolactone. Sn(oct)2 acts as a catalyst, activating the monomers by generating

Development of a mucoadhesive drug delivery system and its interaction with gastric cells

• Ahmet Baki Sahin,
• Serdar Karakurt and
• Deniz Sezlev Bilecen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 371–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.28

• positive charge. A peptide, as a model drug, was loaded onto the nanoparticles with an encapsulation efficiency of 58%. The release of the model drug from the delivery system was pH-independent and lasted for 7 days. The periodic acid–Schiff stain assay indicated 69% mucin interaction for the nanoparticles

• within the mucus because of stronger interaction [29], and better and uniform distribution throughout the gastric mucosa [2]. The motivation behind the current study, therefore, was to synthesize a nanoscale drug delivery system with mucoadhesive properties in an attempt to achieve improved gastric

• increase in size and impair the mucus interaction. According to the particle size results, the coating did not significantly increase the size of nanoparticles (p > 0.05). Even after coating, the final EudAlg NPs were still in the nanometer range. For efficient mucus interaction, the charge of the

Vortex lattices of layered HTSCs at different vortex–vortex interaction potentials

• Valerii P. Lenkov,
• Anastasia N. Maksimova,
• Anna N. Moroz and
• Vladimir A. Kashurnikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 362–370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.27

• Valerii P. Lenkov Anastasia N. Maksimova Anna N. Moroz Vladimir A. Kashurnikov National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, 115409 Russia 10.3762/bjnano.16.27 Abstract Magnetization reversal processes in a vortex system with different potentials of vortex–vortex interaction were studied

• using the Monte Carlo method within the framework of a two-dimensional model of a layered high-temperature superconductor. Interaction potentials close to the potential applicable in superconductors with the Ginzburg–Landau parameter κ = 1/2 (intertype superconductors) and in ferromagnetic

• superconductors have been analyzed. Clustering of the vortex system is demonstrated. The melting of a vortex lattice with increasing temperature has been studied. Keywords: high-temperature superconductor; HTSC; intertype superconductors; Monte Carlo method; vortex lattice; vortex–vortex interaction potential

Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites

• Madeleine K. Wilsey,
• Teona Taseska,
• Qishen Lyu,
• Connor P. Cox and
• Astrid M. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26

• at materials surfaces. These organics impede the adhesion and electrical contact of nanoparticles, even when the nanoparticles are surfactant-free. Regular nanosecond pulsed laser cleaning rids surfaces of organic deposits by the interaction of nanosecond laser pulses with surface contaminants via

Graphene oxide–chloroquine conjugate induces DNA damage in A549 lung cancer cells through autophagy modulation

• Braham Dutt Arya,
• Sandeep Mittal,
• Prachi Joshi,
• Alok Kumar Pandey,
• Jaime E. Ramirez-Vick,
• Govind Gupta and
• Surinder P. Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 316–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.24

• functional groups in the GO–Chl nanoconjugate. The observed reduction in the intensity of COOH peaks for GO–Chl as compared to that of GO, could be attributed to the possible reduction of oxygen-rich functional groups as a result of their interaction with amino groups present in Chl [47]. It was observed

• targeting, DNA damage, and dysfunction of other intracellular organelles [52][54]. To assess the interaction of GO–Chl with A549 cells, we incubated the cells with 25 µg/mL of GO–Chl for 24 h at 37 °C and processed the samples as described in the method section. After 24 h of incubation, an increased number