Electroburning of few-layer graphene flakes, epitaxial graphene, and turbostratic graphene discs in air and under vacuum

• Andrea Candini,
• Nils Richter,
• Domenica Convertino,
• Camilla Coletti,
• Franck Balestro,
• Wolfgang Wernsdorfer,
• Mathias Kläui and
• Marco Affronte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 711–719, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.72

• adhesive tape. After rinsing with acetone and isopropanol, hundreds of discs were left on the surface. Typical Raman spectra of the as-deposited discs are shown in the Supporting Information File 1. The discs were located by an optical microscope and then patterned in the hour-glass geometry by oxygen

Simple approach for the fabrication of PEDOT-coated Si nanowires

• Mingxuan Zhu,
• Marielle Eyraud,
• Judikael Le Rouzo,
• Nadia Ait Ahmed,
• Florence Boulc’h,
• Claude Alfonso,
• Philippe Knauth and
• François Flory

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 640–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.65

• , thickness 255–305 μm) were ultrasonically cleaned for 15 min in acetone and isopropanol. After several rinsing steps in deionized water, the wafers were immersed in piranha solution (H2SO4:H2O2 3:1 v/v) and subsequently in deionized water for 15 min. The EMACE technique is described in the literature [28

Synergic combination of the sol–gel method with dip coating for plasmonic devices

• Cristiana Figus,
• Maddalena Patrini,
• Francesco Floris,
• Lucia Fornasari,
• Paola Pellacani,
• Gerardo Marchesini,
• Andrea Valsesia,
• Flavia Artizzu,
• Daniela Marongiu,
• Michele Saba,
• Franco Marabelli,
• Andrea Mura,
• Giovanni Bongiovanni and
• Francesco Quochi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 500–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.52

• vessel at RT. The molar ratio of water:precursor of the starting solution was 5 for all sols. Soda-lime glass was employed as a substrate for reference film deposition. Before coating, the substrates were cleaned with water and soap, distilled water, acetone and finally, rinsed with isopropanol. The

Oxygen-plasma-modified biomimetic nanofibrous scaffolds for enhanced compatibility of cardiovascular implants

• Anna Maria Pappa,
• Varvara Karagkiozaki,
• Silke Krol,
• Spyros Kassavetis,
• Dimitris Konstantinou,
• Charalampos Pitsalidis,
• Lazaros Tzounis,
• Nikos Pliatsikas and
• Stergios Logothetidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 254–262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.24

• XY stage, was set at 40 mm. The glass substrates were cleaned prior to electrospinning with isopropanol and methanol and blow-dried using N2 flow. Each fabricated film was left overnight to allow the evaporation of any residual solvents. Plasma treatment After the fabrication of the electrospun

Kelvin probe force microscopy in liquid using electrochemical force microscopy

• Liam Collins,
• Stephen Jesse,
• Jason I. Kilpatrick,
• Alexander Tselev,
• M. Baris Okatan,
• Sergei V. Kalinin and
• Brian J. Rodriguez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 201–214, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.19

• measurements are demonstrated in ionically-active (polar isopropanol, milli-Q water and aqueous NaCl) and ionically-inactive (non-polar decane) liquids by electrochemical force microscopy (EcFM), a multidimensional (i.e., bias- and time-resolved) spectroscopy method. In the absence of mobile charges (ambient

• , and electrochemical processes (e.g., Faradaic reactions). EcFM measurements conducted in isopropanol and milli-Q water over Au and highly ordered pyrolytic graphite electrodes demonstrate both sample- and solvent-dependent features. Finally, the feasibility of using EcFM as a local force-based mapping

• electrostatic measurements in both ionically-active and -inactive liquids. EcFM is employed to detect the bias- and time-dependent electrostatic and electrochemical forces between probe and sample under ambient, non-polar (ionically-inactive decane) and polar (ionically-active isopropanol, milli-Q water and

Materials and characterization techniques for high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Roswitha Zeis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 68–83, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.8

• nanoparticles onto carbon nanotubes, preventing agglomeration and detachment from the substrate. GDEs based on this type of material were prepared simply by vacuum filtration of a suspension of isopropanol and polymer-wrapped carbon nanotubes. The GDL, a carbon paper, was used as a filter. The GDEs were

Liquid-phase exfoliated graphene: functionalization, characterization, and applications

• Mildred Quintana,
• Jesús Iván Tapia and
• Maurizio Prato

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2328–2338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.242

• physical properties of graphene, which is detrimental to their electrical performance. As an alternative, it is possible to prepare graphene dispersions in chloroform, acetone, or isopropanol. These are all volatile solvents that have generally lower surface tensions, and are therefore more easily

Nanoencapsulation of ultra-small superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide into human serum albumin nanoparticles

• Matthias G. Wacker,
• Mahmut Altinok,
• Stephan Urfels and
• Johann Bauer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2259–2266, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.235

• magnetometer at constant temperature (300 K) and a series of different constant external fields. Surface modification of magnetite 25 USPIO An amount of 3 g of magnetite 25 particles in isopropanol 20% [v/v] were sedimented magnetically. To the supernatant 26 mL of purified water and 14 mL of salpetric acid 65

Modification of a single-molecule AFM probe with highly defined surface functionality

• Fei Long,
• Bin Cao,
• Ashok Khanal,
• Shiyue Fang and
• Reza Shahbazian-Yassar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2122–2128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.221

• ramped over the surface in isopropanol, and more than 1000 force curves were recorded for each of the five probes. Among them, 17–26% showed adhesive interactions appearing at a tip–surface separation greater than zero. Typical force curves obtained were shown in Figure 2A and Figure 2B for the Si probe

• from Thermo Scientific. All other chemicals including isopropanol are of reagent grade from Sigma-Aldrich. AFM experiments were carried out on a Bruker Dimension ICON AFM system. Preparation of AFM probes Amino-functionalization of Si probes: Si probes were functionalized with amino groups according to

• : In order to verify the result of the modification, the probe was ramped over a glass slide with a monolayer of amino-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in isopropanol. The amino groups should form hydrogen bonds with the carboxylic acid group on the probe in the contacting period during ramping

Growth evolution and phase transition from chalcocite to digenite in nanocrystalline copper sulfide: Morphological, optical and electrical properties

• Priscilla Vasthi Quintana-Ramirez,
• Ma. Concepción Arenas-Arrocena,
• José Santos-Cruz,
• Marina Vega-González,
• Omar Martínez-Alvarez,
• Víctor Manuel Castaño-Meneses,
• Laura Susana Acosta-Torres and
• Javier de la Fuente-Hernández

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1542–1552, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.166

• dried at room temperature. Both films and powder products, received a thermal treatment at 100 °C in air in a stove during 1 h. Characterization Powders of two syntheses, aqueous and organic, respectively, of CuxS were re-dispersed in isopropanol and toluene. One aliquot from these solutions was placed

Liquid fuel cells

• Grigorii L. Soloveichik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1399–1418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.153

• (Equation 12). Though the highest cell voltage was measured for a fuel concentraion of 5 M , the cell optimal performance was reached for 3 M EtOH and 5 M NaOH [80]. Direct isopropanol fuel cells Isopropanol (IPA) is relatively inexpensive, has a low toxicity and is miscible with water. Electrooxidation of

A nanometric cushion for enhancing scratch and wear resistance of hard films

• Katya Gotlib-Vainshtein,
• Olga Girshevitz,
• Chaim N. Sukenik,
• David Barlam and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1005–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.114

• Corp.). 4) 1 mm thick polycarbonate PC3107 sheets (Palram). Prior to titania coating, the as-received sheets were cut into 1 cm × 1 cm squares, washed with isopropanol, and dried under nitrogen. Before the titania coating, the surface was pretreated by exposing to an air plasma (Harrick, model PDC-3XG

Towards precise defect control in layered oxide structures by using oxide molecular beam epitaxy

• Federico Baiutti,
• Georg Christiani and
• Gennady Logvenov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 596–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.70

• -layer growth mode is achieved. The STO substrate was TiO2 terminated by etching in buffered HF acid and a following annealing at 950 °C in oxygen flow. The LSAO substrate was simply cleaned in an ultrasonic bath with aceton and following isopropanol without special treatment for surface termination

Hole-mask colloidal nanolithography combined with tilted-angle-rotation evaporation: A versatile method for fabrication of low-cost and large-area complex plasmonic nanostructures and metamaterials

• Jun Zhao,
• Bettina Frank,
• Frank Neubrech,
• Chunjie Zhang,
• Paul V. Braun and
• Harald Giessen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 577–586, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.68

• steps are described. The videos can be found at the website of Beilstein TV [24][25]. Experimental Hole-mask fabrication Before the mask fabrication, all substrates are cleaned with acetone and isopropanol in an ultrasonic bath for about 5 min, respectively, and then dried with nitrogen gas. In addition

Mesoporous cerium oxide nanospheres for the visible-light driven photocatalytic degradation of dyes

• Subas K. Muduli,
• Songling Wang,
• Shi Chen,
• Chin Fan Ng,
• Cheng Hon Alfred Huan,
• Tze Chien Sum and
• Han Sen Soo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 517–523, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.60

• (CAN) in ethylene glycol and isopropanol as the solvent and reductant was heated up to 130 °C to yield mesoporous cerium oxide nanospheres after work-up. The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern (Figure 1a) indicates that the as-prepared cerium oxide material can be indexed to a superposition of

• . Control experiments were performed in the absence of scavengers (black line, Figure 5a). The established scavengers used include sodium oxalate for h+ (red), CrO3 for e− (green), isopropanol for •OH (blue), and 1,4-benzoquinone for •OOH/•O2− (grey, Figure 5a) [5]. The inhibition of photocatalytic activity

• secondary roles in the photocatalytic destruction of RhB. Conclusion In summary, we have presented a facile, solvothermal synthesis of new mesoporous cerium oxide nanospheres, with isopropanol and ethylene glycol as the solvents and reducing agents. No expensive surfactants and templates have been used in

Encapsulation of nanoparticles into single-crystal ZnO nanorods and microrods

• Jinzhang Liu,
• Marco Notarianni,
• Llew Rintoul and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 485–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.56

• experiment NDs from isopropanol solution were dispersed onto both ZnO nano/microrods and a Si substrate. If a lithography technique is employed to grow ordered ZnO nanorods onto a lattice-constant-matched substrate, nanoparticles on the substrate can be avoided and the size of nanorod cavity can be well

• different nanoparticles were used: two types of diamond nanoparticles with average diameters of 10 nm and 40 nm, respectively, and polymer nanobeads with mean size of 200 nm. Nanopowder of NDs with mean size of 10 nm (Aldrich Sigma) was dispersed into isopropanol (0.2 mg/mL) to prepare a suspension. An

Exploring the complex mechanical properties of xanthan scaffolds by AFM-based force spectroscopy

• Hao Liang,
• Guanghong Zeng,
• Yinli Li,
• Shuai Zhang,
• Huiling Zhao,
• Lijun Guo,
• Bo Liu and
• Mingdong Dong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 365–373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.42

• investigated by AFM and FS, respectively. The xanthan scaffold structures were obtained at both air/mica and isopropanol/mica interfaces, and three representative structures were probed by FS. We used a straightforward method to explain the complex force curve of the xanthan scaffold structure. The complex

• mechanical responses are actually the combinations of the force curves of three representative structures. Besides, the relative small persistence length in our study could indicate that xanthan is in its denatured form in isopropanol under our experimental conditions, which is of great importance in

• (Ted Pella, Inc.) and air-dried for about 30–60 min. For AFM imaging in liquid and force spectroscopy measurements, 2 μL xanthan solution was deposited onto mica. After 60 s adsorption, an O-ring cell was equipped and a suitable amount of isopropanol (J&K Co) was injected as imaging buffer [5]. The AFM

3D-nanoarchitectured Pd/Ni catalysts prepared by atomic layer deposition for the electrooxidation of formic acid

• Loïc Assaud,
• Evans Monyoncho,
• Kristina Pitzschel,
• Anis Allagui,
• Matthieu Petit,
• Margrit Hanbücken,
• Elena A. Baranova and
• Lionel Santinacci

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 162–172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.16

• , isopropanol and ethanol and deoxidized by dipping in 1% HF for 5 s. The alumina template was coated by a thin NiO layer grown from nickelocene (NiCp2, 99% from STREM chemicals), and ozone as chemical precursors. The temperature of the ALD chamber during the deposition was set to 250 °C. The ALD cycle

Cyclic photochemical re-growth of gold nanoparticles: Overcoming the mask-erosion limit during reactive ion etching on the nanoscale

• Burcin Özdemir,
• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Alfred Plettl and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 886–894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.100

• second process step is the deposition of a 5 mM HAuCl4 solution and its exposure (typically for 6 min) to UV-radiation in order to accomplish the selective growth of the Au NP. The substrates are cleaned in acetone and isopropanol baths, followed by drying with nitrogen. After the subsequent annealing of

• homogeneously dispensed. The controlled seed growth of Au NPs was established under UV-irradiation (Osram Hg lamp; exposure wavelengths: 365 and 390 nm) provided by a mask aligner (Karl SUSS MJB 3 Mask UV 400). Afterwards, the substrates were subsequently cleaned in acetone and isopropanol and dried with

Surface passivation and optical characterization of Al₂O₃/a-SiC_x stacks on c-Si substrates

• Gema López,
• Pablo R. Ortega,
• Cristóbal Voz,
• Isidro Martín,
• Mónica Colina,
• Anna B. Morales,
• Albert Orpella and
• Ramón Alcubilla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 726–731, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.82

• on both sides with solution of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) in isopropanol (IPA) solution. Before film deposition, four wafers, two n-type (one textured and one polished) and two p-type (one textured and one polished) were cleaned following an RCA sequence and cut to quarters. Al2O3 films

Deformation-induced grain growth and twinning in nanocrystalline palladium thin films

• Aaron Kobler,
• Jochen Lohmiller,
• Jonathan Schäfer,
• Michael Kerber,
• Anna Castrup,
• Ankush Kashiwar,
• Patric A. Gruber,
• Karsten Albe,
• Horst Hahn and
• Christian Kübel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 554–566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.64

• blade, cleaned in an ultrasonic acetone bath for 15 min, and rinsed with isopropanol on a resist spinner. This cleaning procedure, developed by Lohmiller et al. [20], provides enhanced adhesive support of the thin metallic film preventing strain localization and film delamination, allowing for a

Porous polymer coatings as substrates for the formation of high-fidelity micropatterns by quill-like pens

• Michael Hirtz,
• Marcus Lyon,
• Wenqian Feng,
• Andrea E. Holmes,
• Harald Fuchs and
• Pavel A. Levkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 377–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.44

• platforms for the microarray spotting using SPTs. A pattern of 10 × 10 spots with a 50 µm pitch and dwell time of 0.5 s was written on each of the substrates by using a 10 mM solution of phloxine B in isopropanol mixed with 30 vol % glycerol (87% in water) to prevent drying of the dye solution in the SPT

• phloxine B in isopropanol was mixed 7:3 with a glycerol stock solution of 87% glycerol in water. Bromophenol blue solution: 1.4 mg/mL bromophenol blue in water was mixed 7:3 with a glycerol stock solution of 87% glycerol in water. Analyte solution: A mix of 10% BSA in water and glycerol stock solution (87

Bimodal atomic force microscopy driving the higher eigenmode in frequency-modulation mode: Implementation, advantages, disadvantages and comparison to the open-loop case

• Daniel Ebeling and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 198–207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.20

• in a droplet of ultrapure water. In this case the cantilever and its holder were rinsed by isopropanol, ethanol and water prior to imaging. Schematic setup of our AFM operated in AM-OL or AM-FM mode. AM-OL mode can be accomplished by adding the drive signals of two function generators for exciting

Characterization and properties of micro- and nanowires of controlled size, composition, and geometry fabricated by electrodeposition and ion-track technology

• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 860–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.97

• membrane, the wires are dispersed in isopropanol. The solution containing the segmented wires is drop-cast onto a substrate. In a subsequent step, the substrate is dipped into concentrated nitric acid to dissolve the silver segments of the wires selectively. The generation of gaps with sizes between 7 and

Current–voltage characteristics of single-molecule diarylethene junctions measured with adjustable gold electrodes in solution

• Bernd M. Briechle,
• Youngsang Kim,
• Philipp Ehrenreich,
• Artur Erbe,
• Dmytro Sysoiev,
• Thomas Huhn,
• Ulrich Groth and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 798–808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.89

• are dissolved in toluene (Tol), isopropanol (IPA) or a mixture of 50% tetrahydrofuran and 50% toluene (THF/Tol) and switched to either the open or the closed form by irradiation at the suitable wavelength. TSC is investigated in both IPA and THF/Tol to test potential influence of the solvent on the