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Search for "microstructures" in Full Text gives 149 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.

Biological and biomimetic materials and surfaces

  • Stanislav Gorb and
  • Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 403–407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.42

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  • systematics and he was interested if the fascinating nano- and microstructures he saw in the SEM are of importance for classifying the different plant taxa; this was proved true for many of these structures. Wilhelm Barthlott was especially interested in the tiny lipid structures, the so-called plant waxes
  • with the prey spectra between the taxa studied. This study opens an interesting possibility of combining surface microstructures with adhesive fluids to enhance dynamical performance of the next generation of adhesives. The majority of insects bear adhesive foot pads, which are used in locomotion on
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Published 08 Feb 2017

Annealing-induced recovery of indents in thin Au(Fe) bilayer films

  • Anna Kosinova,
  • Ruth Schwaiger,
  • Leonid Klinger and
  • Eugen Rabkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2088–2099, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.199

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  • by plastic deformation followed by heat treatments, i.e., thermo-mechanical treatment, is a technological cornerstone of human civilization and has been used for millennia to design microstructures and properties of materials. Yet, applying this approach to thin metal films is problematic because the
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Published 28 Dec 2016

A new approach to grain boundary engineering for nanocrystalline materials

  • Shigeaki Kobayashi,
  • Sadahiro Tsurekawa and
  • Tadao Watanabe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1829–1849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.176

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  • boundary microstructures have been seriously considered according to the almost established approach to GBE. This approach has been increasingly recognized for the development of high performance nanocrystalline materials with an extremely high density of grain boundaries and triple junctions. The
  • effectiveness of precisely controlled grain boundary microstructures (quantitatively characterized by the grain boundary character distribution (GBCD) and grain boundary connectivity associated with triple junctions) has been revealed for recent achievements in the enhancement of grain boundary strengthening
  • grain boundaries and triple junctions. This is often associated with the nonequilibrium deformation of microstructures introduced by severe plastic deformation (SPD) with less thermal stability, excess structural defects and chemical composition by segregation to grain boundaries and interfaces [12][15
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Published 25 Nov 2016

Nanostructured TiO2-based gas sensors with enhanced sensitivity to reducing gases

  • Wojciech Maziarz,
  • Anna Kusior and
  • Anita Trenczek-Zajac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1718–1726, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.164

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  • leads to p→n transitions. The aim of this work was to considerably improve the gas sensing properties of TiO2-based sensors by engineering the morphology of nanostructured TiO2. Layered sensor materials with different microstructures were designed and manufactured on Ti substrates. For the first time
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Published 15 Nov 2016

Role of RGO support and irradiation source on the photocatalytic activity of CdS–ZnO semiconductor nanostructures

  • Suneel Kumar,
  • Rahul Sharma,
  • Vipul Sharma,
  • Gurunarayanan Harith,
  • Vaidyanathan Sivakumar and
  • Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1684–1697, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.161

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  • electron microscopy (TEM) analysis was performed to obtain further information on the surface morphology and microstructures of all prepared nanostructures (Figure 6). The TEM image of GO shows the flake-like shape (Figure 6a). The CdS NP are about 20 nm in size (Figure 6b). The TEM images of the CdS–ZnO
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Published 11 Nov 2016

Nano- and microstructured materials for in vitro studies of the physiology of vascular cells

  • Alexandra M. Greiner,
  • Adria Sales,
  • Hao Chen,
  • Sarah A. Biela,
  • Dieter Kaufmann and
  • Ralf Kemkemer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1620–1641, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.155

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  • thermoplastic polymers. Another method for generating surface topographies is surface cracking. It provokes controlled cracks on a surface of a material and surface microstructures but also nanotopographies can be obtained by this method [51][52]. After surface modification (e.g., plasma treatment) of an
  • differently instruct cell reaction [12]. In addition to the tendency that cells orient their body along microstructures, cells also prefer to migrate along the longest axis of the structures present on the surface (Figure 6) [230][231]. In different studies, both SMCs and ECs, were observed to migrate
  • groove axis [21][24]. The fact that the nuclear shape is influenced by microstructures leads to the assumption that some changes in the genetic material could take place. It was revealed that changes in nuclear shape, non-invasively induced by microgrooves, caused reorganization of nuclear lamina and
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Published 08 Nov 2016

Effect of triple junctions on deformation twinning in a nanostructured Cu–Zn alloy: A statistical study using transmission Kikuchi diffraction

  • Silu Liu,
  • Xiaolong Ma,
  • Lingzhen Li,
  • Liwen Zhang,
  • Patrick W. Trimby,
  • Xiaozhou Liao,
  • Yusheng Li,
  • Yonghao Zhao and
  • Yuntian Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1501–1506, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.143

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  • TEM image of the HPT Cu–Zn alloy, revealing equiaxed ultrafine and nanocrystalline grains. Most grain boundaries are not well defined and the interiors of most grains are “messy”, especially in large grains. Those are typical microstructures in highly deformed samples with a high density of entangled
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Published 24 Oct 2016

Effect of tetramethylammonium hydroxide/isopropyl alcohol wet etching on geometry and surface roughness of silicon nanowires fabricated by AFM lithography

  • Siti Noorhaniah Yusoh and
  • Khatijah Aisha Yaacob

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1461–1470, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.138

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  • uniformly in the vertical direction only. Anisotropic wet etching is mostly used to fabricate simple microstructures and nanostructures on a single crystal SOI wafer [8]. Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) [9][10][11], potassium hydroxide (KOH) [12], sodium hydroxide (NaOH) [13], ethylenediamine
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Published 17 Oct 2016

The self-similarity theory of high pressure torsion

  • Yan Beygelzimer,
  • Roman Kulagin,
  • Laszlo S. Toth and
  • Yulia Ivanisenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1267–1277, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.117

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  • Sciences of Ukraine, pr. Nauki 46, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany Laboratoire d’Etude des Microstructures et de Mécanique des Matériaux (LEM3), Université de Lorraine
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Published 07 Sep 2016

Fast diffusion of silver in TiO2 nanotube arrays

  • Wanggang Zhang,
  • Yiming Liu,
  • Diaoyu Zhou,
  • Hui Wang,
  • Wei Liang and
  • Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1129–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.105

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  • nanotube arrays and observed the formation of Ag nanodots on the top surface of the TiO2 nanotube arrays. However, they did not examine and discuss whether there exist Ag nanodots inside the TiO2 nanotubes or on the surface of the TiO2 nanotubes. The microstructures of TiO2-based materials depend on the
  • nanotube arrays, which determines the evolution of the microstructures of the TiO2-based materials, remains elusive. In this work, we report the discovery of the fast diffusion of silver through TiO2 nanotube arrays in forming Ag@TiO2 nanotube arrays. The Ag@TiO2 nanotube arrays are prepared by the heat
  • treatment of TiO2 nanotube arrays coated with Ag nanofilms. The microstructures of the Ag@TiO2 nanotube arrays are characterized to determine the diffusivity and activation energy of the Ag diffusion on the surface of the TiO2 nanotubes. Results The preparation route of the Ag@TiO2 nanotubes is
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Published 03 Aug 2016

The hydraulic mechanism in the hind wing veins of Cybister japonicus Sharp (order: Coleoptera)

  • Jiyu Sun,
  • Wei Wu,
  • Mingze Ling,
  • Bharat Bhushan and
  • Jin Tong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 904–913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.82

Graphical Abstract
  • length was 35–40 mm. Microstructure testing Microstructure testing was conducted in a manner similar to that described in [20]. The microstructures of the cross sections of hind wing veins were captured using an inverted fluorescence microscope (OLYMPUS, LX71). All beetles were anesthetized with ether
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Published 23 Jun 2016

Frog tongue surface microstructures: functional and evolutionary patterns

  • Thomas Kleinteich and
  • Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 893–903, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.81

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  • mucus layer, and the target surface of a prey item will be critical for a successful feeding event. Thus, besides mucus production, the filiform papillae as surface microstructures might actually mediate adhesive performance. More recently we discussed the contribution of the filiform papillae to the
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Published 22 Jun 2016

Hydration of magnesia cubes: a helium ion microscopy study

  • Ruth Schwaiger,
  • Johannes Schneider,
  • Gilles R. Bourret and
  • Oliver Diwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 302–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.28

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  • organized in characteristic flower-like microstructures. The findings underline the significant metastability of nanomaterials under both ambient and high-vacuum conditions and show the dramatic effect of ubiquitous water films during storage and characterization of oxide nanomaterials. Keywords: helium
  • morphologically well-defined MgO particle systems was investigated. We observed unexpected transformations ranging from swelling of the metal oxide nanostructure core to dissolution–recrystallization steps that give rise to the formation of hydroxides with entirely different microstructures [21]. Experimental All
  • . In that case microstructures composed of flower brucite sheets have emerged from the significant dissolution of smaller MgO cubes, the size of which does not prevent them from further dissolution [21]. As a result, the aqueous solution becomes locally supersaturated in Mg2+ and OH− ions and lamellar
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Published 29 Feb 2016

Blue and white light emission from zinc oxide nanoforests

  • Nafisa Noor,
  • Luca Lucera,
  • Thomas Capuano,
  • Venkata Manthina,
  • Alexander G. Agrios,
  • Helena Silva and
  • Ali Gokirmak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2463–2469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.255

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  • -cost alternative to GaN [8]. It is also one of the substances that sublimate congruently at atmospheric pressure [15][16][17]: The results we present here are from electrical experiments performed on ZnO nanoforests formed by high-density nanowires grown on highly doped silicon microstructures. We have
  • rise to light emission. Experimental ZnO growth Chemical bath deposition (CBD), a low-cost solution-based technique [18][19], is used to grow ZnO nanorods on oxidized silicon wafers with previously fabricated, highly doped, p-type, nanocrystalline silicon microstructures. The samples were precleaned by
  • into zinc vapor and oxygen) [17][25]. Figure 9a shows DC voltage sweep measurements performed in vacuum and at atmospheric pressure with a probe separation of ≈10 µm on the ZnO nanorods grown on two adjacent polysilicon microstructures of very similar dimensions (length of 2.5 μm and width of 2.1 and
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Published 23 Dec 2015

Superluminescence from an optically pumped molecular tunneling junction by injection of plasmon induced hot electrons

  • Kai Braun,
  • Xiao Wang,
  • Andreas M. Kern,
  • Hilmar Adler,
  • Heiko Peisert,
  • Thomas Chassé,
  • Dai Zhang and
  • Alfred J. Meixner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1100–1106, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.111

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  • plasmonic nano- and microstructures has recently been predicted and experimentally realized [30][31][32]. Considering the fact that the Raman scattering and PL emission processes originate in the very center of the tip–substrate gap, any generated photon will firstly couple to the gap mode before being
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Published 04 May 2015

Fulleropeptide esters as potential self-assembled antioxidants

  • Mira S. Bjelaković,
  • Tatjana J. Kop,
  • Jelena Đorđević and
  • Dragana R. Milić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1065–1071, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.107

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  • cohesion of fulleropeptide assemblies. The proposed self-assembly path of amphiphilic fulleropeptide esters into spherical particles, their gradual growth to rods or curled leaves, and the final network and artichoke-shaped microstructures are shown in Figure 5. Conclusion The present study could
  • -assembled particles: flower (B, 5), spiral-shaped object (C, 8), and artichoke-shaped object (D, 10) prepared from the solid samples deposited on a brass substrate. Scale bars correspond to 10 μm. Schematic illustration of the proposed formation of different self-assembled microstructures starting from the
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Published 27 Apr 2015

Multiscale modeling of lithium ion batteries: thermal aspects

  • Arnulf Latz and
  • Jochen Zausch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 987–1007, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.102

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  • the help of volume averaging applied to the phenomenological pore scale model. Full 3D simulations of thermal effects in electrode microstructures do, to the best of our knowledge, not exist; except for [50] in which the heat sources in a microstructure of a LiCoO2 cathode are obtained with the help
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Published 20 Apr 2015

Observing the morphology of single-layered embedded silicon nanocrystals by using temperature-stable TEM membranes

  • Sebastian Gutsch,
  • Daniel Hiller,
  • Jan Laube,
  • Margit Zacharias and
  • Christian Kübel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 964–970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.99

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  • Ar-annealed SiO2 thin films on Si and were ascribed to out-diffusion of SiO molecules [31]. Therefore, it can be concluded that annealing in N2 hampers the Si out-diffusion. However, the undamaged microstructures (cf. Figure 3b and Figure 3c) are very similar for both annealings. From high resolution
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Published 15 Apr 2015

Electroburning of few-layer graphene flakes, epitaxial graphene, and turbostratic graphene discs in air and under vacuum

  • Andrea Candini,
  • Nils Richter,
  • Domenica Convertino,
  • Camilla Coletti,
  • Franck Balestro,
  • Wolfgang Wernsdorfer,
  • Mathias Kläui and
  • Marco Affronte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 711–719, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.72

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  • process in multilayered graphene microstructures, employing thin discs of turbostratically stacked graphene (TG, see Experimental for details on the preparation). These discs are comprise up to 100 graphene layers exhibiting a rather large charge carrier mobility in the range of 105 cm2/V·s which
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Published 11 Mar 2015

Exploiting the hierarchical morphology of single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotube films for highly hydrophobic coatings

  • Francesco De Nicola,
  • Paola Castrucci,
  • Manuela Scarselli,
  • Francesca Nanni,
  • Ilaria Cacciotti and
  • Maurizio De Crescenzi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 353–360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.34

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  • analysis (see Experimental section), we estimated the pore radius ρ and the bundle diameter d of the SWCNT and MWCNT random networks. The obtained results are reported in Table 1 together with the SWCNT microstructure area S and height h. However, in the case of MWCNT films, no microstructures were
  • observed. It is noteworthy that the characteristic dimension d of MWCNTs is bigger by about one order than that of SWCNTs. In particular, we considered the microstructures shown in Figure 1c as ripples randomly distributed within the film. Such self-assembly occurs by an out-of-plane bending process during
  • -sized randomly shaped islands is formed. If, after complete evaporation, there is a balance between adhesion and elastic energy, the microstructures are in a stable bent configuration with respect to further wetting–dewetting cycles. This self-assembly leads to an intrinsic hierarchical microstructured
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Published 02 Feb 2015

The capillary adhesion technique: a versatile method for determining the liquid adhesion force and sample stiffness

  • Daniel Gandyra,
  • Stefan Walheim,
  • Stanislav Gorb,
  • Wilhelm Barthlott and
  • Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 11–18, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.2

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  • cantilevers, reproducing the spring constants calibrated using other methods. Keywords: adhesion; AFM cantilever; air layer; capillary forces; hairs; measurement; micromechanical systems; microstructures; Salvinia effect; Salvinia molesta; sensors; stiffness; superhydrophobic surfaces; Introduction Surface
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Published 02 Jan 2015

Carbon-based smart nanomaterials in biomedicine and neuroengineering

  • Antonina M. Monaco and
  • Michele Giugliano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1849–1863, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.196

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  • al. [125] were among the first to report on the suitability of ND as a substrate material. By micro-contact printing, they deposited laminin on NDs to form patterned microstructures, on which they then observed the ordered growth of primary cortical neurons. Neuronal adhesion and cell excitability
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Published 23 Oct 2014

Nanocrystalline ceria coatings on solid oxide fuel cell anodes: the role of organic surfactant pretreatments on coating microstructures and sulfur tolerance

  • Chieh-Chun Wu,
  • Ling Tang and
  • Mark R. De Guire

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1712–1724, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.181

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  • characteristics of the performance of the cells in sulfur-containing environments. Then SEM and EDXS analyses of the microstructures of the cells, before and after operation, with and without surfactant pretreatments are presented. The performance of the cells, grouped by type of anode treatment, is then
  • current density had to be reduced sharply (to 368 and 129 mA·cm−2, respectively) to maintain the same voltage as at the preceding H2S level. (After about 90 h of testing, the rapid failure of the cell resulted from inadequate removal of H2O from the anode atmosphere [12].) Microstructures of as-treated
  • anodes The microstructures of coatings of cells with gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC) interlayers between the anode and electrolyte (see Experimental section for details) were essentially the same as those observed on cells without GDC interlayers. All SEM images shown here, except Figure 9, are of cells
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Published 06 Oct 2014

On the structure of grain/interphase boundaries and interfaces

  • K. Anantha Padmanabhan and
  • Herbert Gleiter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1603–1615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.172

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  • fractals, which has also found use in describing microstructures [2][3]. The advent of metallic glasses [4] and nano-glasses [5][6] has made it clear that a purely geometrical/crystallographic description of the structure of grain/interphase boundaries and interfaces (found in nano-glasses, where the
  • ) The fractal nature of microstructures has been well documented [2][3], including that present in a nano-glass [14]. Is it possible that the development of long-range periodicity/quasi-periodicity and crystalline/quasi-crystalline structure corresponds to the “strange attractors” of the Chaos theory
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Published 22 Sep 2014

Influence of the PDMS substrate stiffness on the adhesion of Acanthamoeba castellanii

  • Sören B. Gutekunst,
  • Carsten Grabosch,
  • Alexander Kovalev,
  • Stanislav N. Gorb and
  • Christine Selhuber-Unkel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1393–1398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.152

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  • studies, in particular for studying effects of microstructures on cell adhesion [27][28], and it is also well-known for its excellent biocompatibility [29][30]. Figure 1 shows typical phase-contrast images of A. castellanii trophozoites adhering to the PDMS substrates and to the control substrate used in
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Published 28 Aug 2014
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