Electrochemical nanostructuring of (111) oriented GaAs crystals: from porous structures to nanowires

• Elena I. Monaico,
• Eduard V. Monaico,
• Veaceslav V. Ursaki,
• Shashank Honnali,
• Vitalie Postolache,
• Karin Leistner,
• Kornelius Nielsch and
• Ion M. Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 966–975, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.81

• acidic electrolyte with another type of anion. A comparison of the polarization curves measured at the beginning of the anodization process of a GaAs(111)B crystal in 1 M HNO3 or 1.75 M NaCl electrolyte is presented in Figure 3B. It can be observed that current oscillations occur at applied potentials

• polarization curves measured at a scan rate of 50 mV·s−1 at the beginning of the anodization process of a GaAs(111)B crystal in 1 M HNO3 (curve 1) and 1.75 M NaCl (curve 2). (A) SEM image in cross section of a GaAs(111)B sample anodized at 3 V for 20 min in 1 M HNO3. (B, C) Top-view SEM images. PL spectra of

Atomic layer deposition for efficient oxygen evolution reaction at Pt/Ir catalyst layers

• Stefanie Schlicht,
• Korcan Percin,
• Stefanie Kriescher,
• André Hofer,
• Claudia Weidlich,
• Matthias Wessling and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 952–959, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.79

• day in a 1.6 M vanadium electrolyte (in H2SO4), followed by polarization to values between 0.3 and 1.6 V (five voltammetric cycles, 5 mV·s−1, approximately 43 min). Figure 5a shows that the samples obtained with the thermal decomposition method suffer a loss of activity upon storage, followed by a

• further subsequent loss upon polarization (8% overall). Their ALD counterparts, however, remain unaffected (Figure 5b). Thus, a Pt/Ir catalyst coated with the ALD method on anodized felts results in a significant stability gain with respect to the traditional thermal decomposition method of catalyst

• dashed line) and polarization in V (blue dotted line). Noble-metal loadings of the four samples presented in Figure 4, determined by ICP-OES analysis. Acknowledgements The authors thank Karin Faensen for the SEM-EDX measurements and Prof. Wolfgang Peukert and Paula Hoppe for ICP-OES analysis. Funding

Integrated photonics multi-waveguide devices for optical trapping and Raman spectroscopy: design, fabrication and performance demonstration

• Gyllion B. Loozen,
• Arnica Karuna,
• Mohammad M. R. Fanood,
• Erik Schreuder and
• Jacob Caro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 829–842, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.68

• operation of the waveguides at 785 nm for the transverse magnetic (TM) polarization. For TM polarization, the electric field vector of the waveguide mode is directed perpendicular to the plane of the waveguide (the x–y plane, as indicated in Figure 1). This polarization is conserved in the emitted beam

• . For a multi-waveguide configuration as shown in Figure 1, the polarization of each beam then points in the same direction. For equal optical path lengths from the waveguide facets to the microbath center and for beams leaving the facets in phase, the light concentration in the center reaches the

• maximum obtainable value for the TM polarization, as a result of optimum constructive interference. For transverse electric (TE) polarization, for which the electric field vector of the beams is oriented in the x–y plane, the resulting light concentration is lower. In the simulations, the refractive

Epitaxial growth and superconducting properties of thin-film PdFe/VN and VN/PdFe bilayers on MgO(001) substrates

• Wael M. Mohammed,
• Igor V. Yanilkin,
• Amir I. Gumarov,
• Airat G. Kiiamov,
• Roman V. Yusupov and
• Lenar R. Tagirov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 807–813, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.65

• magnetically soft, tunable and weak in the sense of small spin-polarization of the conduction band [10][28]. The latter provides a large superconducting coherence length and hence bypasses a necessity to deposit flat, nanometer-thick continuous layers expected for strong elemental ferromagnets. A combination

Nickel nanoparticles supported on a covalent triazine framework as electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reactions

• Secil Öztürk,
• Yu-Xuan Xiao,
• Dennis Dietrich,
• Beatriz Giesen,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jie Ying,
• Xiao-Yu Yang and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 770–781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.62

•  6a shows the OER polarization curves of the catalysts measured with a sweep rate of 5 mV/s at room temperature. We note that there should be a nickel oxidation process visible before the onset of the OER. Yet, the oxidation process of Ni for OER may be not evident [51][52]. Further, from XPS (Figure

• electrocatalytic ORR activity of the materials, polarization curves were collected in O2-saturated 1 mol/L KOH solution with a sweep rate of 10 mV/s at room temperature. The half-wave potentials are shown in Figure 8a. CTF-1-400, Ni/CTF-1-400-20 and Ni/CTF-1-400-35 show similar ORR polarization curves and their

• , (c) Ni/CTF-1-600-22 and (d) Ni/CTF-1-600-33. Ni atoms are depicted in red. Nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherms (at 77 K) of Ni/CTF-1 composites. XPS measurements of Ni/CTF-1-600-22 with deconvoluted Ni 2p (left) (Sat. = satellite) and N 1s spectra (right). (a) OER polarization curves of

Hexagonal boron nitride: a review of the emerging material platform for single-photon sources and the spin–photon interface

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Faraz A. Inam,
• Shin-ichiro Sato and
• Alberto Boretti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 740–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.61

• two photons from this source are identical for all photon degrees of freedom, namely spectral, spatial and polarization. It has been demonstrated by Hong–Ou–Mandel (HOM) interference (see [81]) that when two identical SP pulses from the same source or two different sources are sent to the two 50:50

• miscellaneous transition rates for the optical and non-radiative transitions of the emitters. The SPEs show a very good photo-stability under ambient conditions and in monolayers. A correlation between the defect orientation and the h-BN hexagonal structure is observed by studying the excitation polarization

Observation of unexpected uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in La_2/3Sr_1/3MnO₃ films by a BaTiO₃ overlayer in an artificial multiferroic bilayer

• John E. Ordóñez,
• Lorena Marín,
• Luis A. Rodríguez,
• Pedro A. Algarabel,
• José A. Pardo,
• Roger Guzmán,
• Luis Morellón,
• César Magén,
• Etienne Snoeck,
• María E. Gómez and
• Manuel R. Ibarra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 651–661, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.51

• magnetic anisotropy is artificially induced in LSMO films grown on ferroelectric BiFeO3 substrate when the polarization of the FE domains is switched to highly aligned stripe domains, inducing a magnetic easy axis in the FM layer parallel to the polarization direction [32][33]. In all aforementioned cases

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

Synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic performance of 0D/2D CuO/tourmaline composite photocatalysts

• Changqiang Yu,
• Min Wen,
• Zhen Tong,
• Shuhua Li,
• Yanhong Yin,
• Xianbin Liu,
• Yesheng Li,
• Tongxiang Liang,
• Ziping Wu and
• Dionysios D. Dionysiou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 407–416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.31

• )(BO3)3V3W, where X: K+, Na+, Ca2+; Y: Li+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Mg2+, Fe3+, Al3+, Cr3+, V3+, Ti4+; Z: Fe3+, Al3+, Cr3+, V3+; T: Al3+, B3+, Si4+; B: B3+; V: OH−, O2−; W: OH−, F−, O2− [21]. The spontaneous permanent polarization provides tourmaline with an electric field of 106–107 V m−1 on its surface [22]. The

Brome mosaic virus-like particles as siRNA nanocarriers for biomedical purposes

• Alfredo Nuñez-Rivera,
• Pierrick G. J. Fournier,
• Danna L. Arellano,
• Ana G. Rodriguez-Hernandez,
• Rafael Vazquez-Duhalt and
• Ruben D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 372–382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.28

• CPMV-VLPs show greater inhibition of the tumor than using a highly immunogenic agent such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), poly (I: C), and DMXAA 47. It seems that CCMV regulates the tumour microenvironment similarly to the CPMV virus [57]. The virus could induce the polarization of macrophages by

Interactions at the cell membrane and pathways of internalization of nano-sized materials for nanomedicine

• Valentina Francia,
• Daphne Montizaan and
• Anna Salvati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 338–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.25

• [201][202][203]. Another important factor known to affect uptake pathways by cells in vitro is the differentiation of cells into barriers and the resulting cell polarization [159]. Uptake by cells grown to a polarized cell barrier is, in fact, different than uptake by the same cells when grown isolated

Mobility of charge carriers in self-assembled monolayers

• Zhihua Fu,
• Tatjana Ladnorg,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Alexander Welle,
• Asif Bashir,
• Michael Rohwerder,
• Qiang Zhang,
• Björn Schüpbach,
• Andreas Terfort and
• Christof Wöll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2449–2458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.235

• detailed description of the experimental setup was given in ref. [27]. The degree of polarization of the recovered radiation was 91% with an energy resolution of about 100 meV at the C K edge. Spectra were recorded at five different angles of incidence of the synchrotron light (θ = 20°, 40°, 55°, 75°, 90

Design of a nanostructured mucoadhesive system containing curcumin for buccal application: from physicochemical to biological aspects

• Sabrina Barbosa de Souza Ferreira,
• Gustavo Braga,
• Évelin Lemos Oliveira,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva,
• Hélen Cássia Rosseto,
• Lidiane Vizioli de Castro Hoshino,
• Mauro Luciano Baesso,
• Wilker Caetano,
• Craig Murdoch,
• Helen Elizabeth Colley and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2304–2328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.222

• emission is highly polarized (approximately or equal to one), the molecules will not rotate between absorption and emission, which would suggest that they are associated with macromolecules. Therefore, the emission of polarization is described as anisotropy [48][49]. Furthermore, this measurement can be

Ultrathin Ni_1−xCo_xS₂ nanoflakes as high energy density electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors

• Xiaoxiang Wang,
• Teng Wang,
• Rusen Zhou,
• Lijuan Fan,
• Shengli Zhang,
• Feng Yu,
• Tuquabo Tesfamichael,
• Liwei Su and
• Hongxia Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2207–2216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.213

• usable potential windows were found up to 1.6 V. Polarization occurred when the potential was expanded beyond this value (1.7–1.8 V). The as-fabricated asymmetric supercapacitor showed battery behaviour in the range of 0–1.6 V at different scan rates as shown in Figure 4c. The capacity of the device has

Use of data processing for rapid detection of the prostate-specific antigen biomarker using immunomagnetic sandwich-type sensors

• Camila A. Proença,
• Tayane A. Freitas,
• Thaísa A. Baldo,
• Elsa M. Materón,
• Flávio M. Shimizu,
• Gabriella R. Ferreira,
• Frederico L. F. Soares,
• Ronaldo C. Faria and
• Osvaldo N. Oliveira Jr.

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2171–2181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.210

• PBS and incubated with 5 μL of bovine serum albumin (BSA) (2% w/w) diluted in PBS to avoid non-specific binding (NBS). Each step of the modification was monitored with polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS, see Figure S1F in Supporting Information File 1). The

• spectroscopy (FTIR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS, Figure S1) is described. The Silhouette coefficients calculated for IDMAP, Sammon’s mapping (SM), principal

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications

• Alberto Boretti,
• Lorenzo Rosa,
• Jonathan Blackledge and
• Stefania Castelletto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2128–2151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.207

• , transferring the polarization of the triplet state by coupling near-equivalent spins depending on spectroscopic features, namely, the J coupling parameter and the chemical shift differences. J coupling measurements as low as 10 MHz difference have been experimentally shown [15], reflecting the syn- to anti

• -labeled probes (such as 13C pyruvate) has best enabled the monitoring of core cellular metabolic events. Hyperpolarized molecular compounds are obtained, for example, from carbon-13-containing molecules. This is done by transferring the electron spin polarization to the 13C nuclei at cryogenic

• temperatures using dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). This process is followed by rapid dissolution to create an injectable solution in the human body. This procedure can provide up to a 10,000-fold increase in the signal compared to typical thermal polarization conditions. The 13C-labeled probes must be well

Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

• Muhammad A. Zaheer,
• David Poppitz,
• Khavar Feyzullayeva,
• Marianne Wenzel,
• Jörg Matysik,
• Radomir Ljupkovic,
• Aleksandra Zarubica,
• Alexander A. Karavaev,
• Andreas Pöppl,
• Roger Gläser and
• Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

• -polarization (CP) spectrum presented in Figure 13B. It is worth mentioning that the CP technique facilitates polarization transfer from protons to silicon to acquire spectra of the latter. The HPDEC spectrum of the P-ETS-10/60 sample in Figure 13A shows four peaks in the range between −85 and −110 ppm, where

• -polarization from the protons of the OH groups, accompanied by a significant enhancement of the signal at 90.0 ppm (B1) in Figure 13B. The rest of the signals in the CP spectrum of P-ETS-10/60 (B2) originate from the Si(3Si, 1Ti). The peaks at −95.0 ppm and −97.4 ppm of the HPDEC spectrum are similar to those

• -10/60 due to smaller overlapping signal of Si(3Si, 0Ti, 1OH) seen after calcination. In the CP spectrum, the impact of the polarization transfer to the species of Si(3Si, 0Ti, 1OH) from the OH groups is still seen, leading to a broad peak at −95.5 ppm with lower intensity than prior to calcination

First principles modeling of pure black phosphorus devices under pressure

• Ximing Rong,
• Zhizhou Yu,
• Zewen Wu,
• Junjun Li,
• Bin Wang and
• Yin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1943–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.190

• ][34]. In our calculation, norm-conserving non-local pseudo-potentials were used to define the atomic cores [40], and an atomic orbital basis set with single-ζ plus polarization was used to expand physical quantities [41]. The exchange correlation potential was treated using the PBE functional [37][38

Facile synthesis of carbon nanotube-supported NiO//Fe₂O₃ for all-solid-state supercapacitors

• Shengming Zhang,
• Xuhui Wang,
• Yan Li,
• Xuemei Mu,
• Yaxiong Zhang,
• Jingwei Du,
• Guo Liu,
• Xiaohui Hua,
• Yingzhuo Sheng,
• Erqing Xie and
• Zhenxing Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1923–1932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.188

• Information File 1, Figure S10a). Once the charge is balanced (0.15 mg Fe2O3 vs 0.23 mg NiO), CV curves of the ASC at different voltage windows were measured to find out the optimal operating voltage window. As shown in Figure 8a, there is severe polarization when the window is larger than 1.6 V. As a result

Correction: Remarkable electronic and optical anisotropy of layered 1T’-WTe₂ 2D materials

• Qiankun Zhang,
• Rongjie Zhang,
• Jiancui Chen,
• Wanfu Shen,
• Chunhua An,
• Xiaodong Hu,
• Mingli Dong,
• Jing Liu and
• Lianqing Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1922–1922, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.187

• and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin road, Tianjin 300072, China 10.3762/bjnano.10.187 Keywords: 1T'-WTe2; 2D material; anisotropic; light polarization; optoelectrical; The authors wish to add the following sentence to the Acknowledgement section: The optical anisotropic

High-tolerance crystalline hydrogels formed from self-assembling cyclic dipeptide

• Yongcai You,
• Ruirui Xing,
• Qianli Zou,
• Feng Shi and
• Xuehai Yan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1894–1901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.184

• cross-polarized angle was changed to 45°. The changing contrast behaviors between dark and bright changed periodically along with the angle changing by 45°. These results illustrate that the fibers in the hydrogel are intrinsically crystalline and thus have polarization properties. Rheological

Charge-transfer interactions between fullerenes and a mesoporous tetrathiafulvalene-based metal–organic framework

• Manuel Souto,
• Joaquín Calbo,
• Samuel Mañas-Valero,
• Aron Walsh and
• Guillermo Mínguez Espallargas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.183

• to electronic polarization), with an exponential decay as a function of the C60…TTF intermolecular distance (Table S2, Supporting Information File 1). Time-dependent DFT molecular calculations were performed at the CAM-B3LYP/6-31G** level (see the Experimental section) to shed light onto the

Fabrication and characterization of Si_1−xGe_x nanocrystals in as-grown and annealed structures: a comparative study

• Muhammad Taha Sultan,
• Adrian Valentin Maraloiu,
• Ionel Stavarache,
• Jón Tómas Gudmundsson,
• Andrei Manolescu,
• Valentin Serban Teodorescu,
• Magdalena Lidia Ciurea and
• Halldór Gudfinnur Svavarsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1873–1882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.182

• to surface polarization effects due to local fields, which play a crucial role in systems characterized by strong charge inhomogeneity. Further, the development of strain in the structure influences the size and shape of the NCs, thus resulting in a change of the bandgap energy. A common method to

Prestress-loading effect on the current–voltage characteristics of a piezoelectric p–n junction together with the corresponding mechanical tuning laws

• Wanli Yang,
• Shuaiqi Fan,
• Yuxing Liang and
• Yuantai Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1833–1843, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.178

• Figure 8b for tensile loading, σ = 10 MPa. It can be seen from Figure 8 that all I–V characteristics approach that without mechanical loading (σ = 0 MPa) when l increases from to The polarization electric field is disturbed once the piezoelectric semiconductors are exposed to prestress/prestrain. Thus

• , the carriers will be redistributed to induce an additional electric field, which in turn has a weakening effect on the polarization electric field. Obviously, the above two electric fields will offset each other in a sufficiently large action region, i.e., at longer distances between loading point and

Remarkable electronic and optical anisotropy of layered 1T’-WTe₂ 2D materials

• Qiankun Zhang,
• Rongjie Zhang,
• Jiancui Chen,
• Wanfu Shen,
• Chunhua An,
• Xiaodong Hu,
• Mingli Dong,
• Jing Liu and
• Lianqing Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1745–1753, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.170

• measurements, as well as polarization-resolved and wavelength-dependent optoelectrical measurements. The electrical conductance anisotropic ratio is found to ≈103 for a thin 1T’-WTe2 film, while the optoelectronic anisotropic ratio is around 300 for this material. The polarization dependence of the photo

• and the possibility to open up new ways for applications of 2D materials for light polarization detection. Keywords: 1T’-WTe2; 2D material; anisotropic; light polarization; optoelectrical; Introduction The first exfoliation of graphene [1] attracted extensive interest in 2D materials such as black

• measure the selected two areas as shown in Figure 2a. Then the ADRDM measurement was conducted by rotating the incident angle (θ) of polarization from 0° to 360°, and the different values of N(θ) are displayed in Figure 2b as a function of incident angle. The absolute values of N were taken from the two