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Search for "signal-to-noise ratio" in Full Text gives 162 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.

Chemical bath deposition of textured and compact zinc oxide thin films on vinyl-terminated polystyrene brushes

  • Nina J. Blumenstein,
  • Caroline G. Hofmeister,
  • Peter Lindemann,
  • Cheng Huang,
  • Johannes Baier,
  • Andreas Leineweber,
  • Stefan Walheim,
  • Christof Wöll,
  • Thomas Schimmel and
  • Joachim Bill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 102–110, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.12

Graphical Abstract
  • signal-to-noise ratio, PS brushes grafted to a Si-wafer coated with 10 nm SiO2, 100 nm Au and 5 nm Ti as adhesive layer between Au and Si were prepared [46]. For the sample measurement between 900 and 1300 scans have been cumulated, the spectra were recorded until no water bands could be observed in the
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Published 25 Jan 2016

Probing the local environment of a single OPE3 molecule using inelastic tunneling electron spectroscopy

  • Riccardo Frisenda,
  • Mickael L. Perrin and
  • Herre S. J. van der Zant

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2477–2484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.257

Graphical Abstract
  • extract a reliable IETS signal. In our approach, we record a large number of IVs, from which we calculate the first and the second derivative. We then divide point by point the second derivative by the first derivative to obtain the IETS signal. To increase the signal-to-noise ratio and reduce the effect
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Published 24 Dec 2015

Blue and white light emission from zinc oxide nanoforests

  • Nafisa Noor,
  • Luca Lucera,
  • Thomas Capuano,
  • Venkata Manthina,
  • Alexander G. Agrios,
  • Helena Silva and
  • Ali Gokirmak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2463–2469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.255

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  • PIN diode to the sample was adjusted to achieve adequate signal-to-noise ratio without saturating the diode during the experiments. The voltage output of the built-in amplifier was significantly larger than any noise or perturbations coupled into the signal lines caused by the fast pulses. Hence, this
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Published 23 Dec 2015

Au nanoparticle-based sensor for apomorphine detection in plasma

  • Chiara Zanchi,
  • Andrea Lucotti,
  • Matteo Tommasini,
  • Sebastiano Trusso,
  • Ugo de Grazia,
  • Emilio Ciusani and
  • Paolo M. Ossi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2224–2232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.228

Graphical Abstract
  • experiences in the biological matrix as compared to the aqueous solution. To reach a comparable SERS intensity with respect to 100 µg/mL APO in water, an acquisition time of 10 s was applied, while 60 s was the acquisition time required for a reasonable signal-to-noise ratio of the SERS spectrum of 20 µg/mL
  • by the selection of two SERS peaks. Minimal sample preparation and the capability to operate in an aqueous environment make the detection of APO by means of this technique rapid, with good signal-to-noise ratio, and characterized by adequate spatial reproducibility. The method is promising for
  • dynamic range of the sensor To be considered a useful SERS-based method for drug detection, the procedure, based on the use of gold substrates pulsed laser deposition, should be rapid and quantitative. An acquisition time of 5 s, which corresponds to a fast measurement with an adequate signal-to-noise
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Published 26 Nov 2015

Kelvin probe force microscopy for local characterisation of active nanoelectronic devices

  • Tino Wagner,
  • Hannes Beyer,
  • Patrick Reissner,
  • Philipp Mensch,
  • Heike Riel,
  • Bernd Gotsmann and
  • Andreas Stemmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2193–2206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.225

Graphical Abstract
  • transitions and observations, respectively. As the noise at the output, , increases for a fixed , the bandwidth is reduced (Figure 7a). The ratio resembles a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which increases for large K and small filter bandwidths BW. The closed-loop bandwidth is a function of this SNR. Therefore
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Published 23 Nov 2015

Electrochemical coating of dental implants with anodic porous titania for enhanced osteointegration

  • Amirreza Shayganpour,
  • Alberto Rebaudi,
  • Pierpaolo Cortella,
  • Alberto Diaspro and
  • Marco Salerno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2183–2192, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.224

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  • measurements, given the limited thickness of APT, we had to use collecting conditions of low magnification (objective of 10×), high laser power (≈100 mW) and long accumulation time (1 min) to obtain spectra with reasonable signal to noise ratio. A representative Raman spectrum is presented in Figure 5
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Published 20 Nov 2015

Imaging of carbon nanomembranes with helium ion microscopy

  • André Beyer,
  • Henning Vieker,
  • Robin Klett,
  • Hanno Meyer zu Theenhausen,
  • Polina Angelova and
  • Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1712–1720, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.175

Graphical Abstract
  • particle microscopy techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) or helium ion microscopy (HIM). As illustrated in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1, SEM shows a low signal-to-noise-ratio for freestanding CNMs, especially at higher magnifications, due to charging issues [4][16]. This tends
  • to be destructive for freestanding membranes. For example, an attempt at imaging perforated CNMs with SEM failed due to charging-induced rupture during the imaging process [9]. On the other hand, HIM is very well-suited to image CNMs with high signal-to-noise-ratio at high magnification. In this
  • , the high surface sensitivity of the HIM is well suited to obtain CNM images with high signal-to-noise-ratio. It is also important to note that the helium beam easily penetrates the CNM and also strikes objects below the freestanding membrane, for example, the sample holder. Figure 1 shows an example
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Published 12 Aug 2015

Possibilities and limitations of advanced transmission electron microscopy for carbon-based nanomaterials

  • Xiaoxing Ke,
  • Carla Bittencourt and
  • Gustaaf Van Tendeloo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1541–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.158

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  • . Fortunately this has changed over the last decade. The introduction of spherical-aberration-corrected lenses [6] has paved the way out of this dilemma by improving the spatial resolution and increasing the signal to noise ratio at the same time. This has a dramatic impact when imaging at low accelerating
  • generally accepted as reasonable. Additionally, the increase of the scattering cross section at low voltage improves the signal to noise ratio for light elements as carbon and results in an enhancement in contrast [38][49]. Following the discussion on lowering the voltage, the dose of incident electrons
  • thus provide a HRTEM image with an acceptable signal to noise ratio with only limited damage to the sample. The introduction of a high-speed detector may also have an impact on increasing the time resolution. In a molecular dynamics simulations on the reconstruction of vacancies, the time scale is
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Published 16 Jul 2015

Atomic force microscopy as analytical tool to study physico-mechanical properties of intestinal cells

  • Christa Schimpel,
  • Oliver Werzer,
  • Eleonore Fröhlich,
  • Gerd Leitinger,
  • Markus Absenger-Novak,
  • Birgit Teubl,
  • Andreas Zimmer and
  • Eva Roblegg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1457–1466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.151

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  • . Although ESEM presents some additional beneficial features, considerable disadvantages including a high signal-to-noise ratio and/or limited resolution may arise [35]. In contrast, AFM allows high resolution (topographical) imaging of cells under (semi)hydrated, unfixed physiological conditions. Hence
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Published 06 Jul 2015

Influence of the shape and surface oxidation in the magnetization reversal of thin iron nanowires grown by focused electron beam induced deposition

  • Luis A. Rodríguez,
  • Lorenz Deen,
  • Rosa Córdoba,
  • César Magén,
  • Etienne Snoeck,
  • Bert Koopmans and
  • José M. De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1319–1331, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.136

Graphical Abstract
  • , we show in Figure 2a and Figure 2b the results for two nanowires from the second batch with tNom of 10 and 35 nm. The signal-to-noise ratio is ten, certainly enough to determine the coercive field, which is given by the measured MOKE field at the mid-point between the two saturation values at high
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Published 15 Jun 2015

Scanning reflection ion microscopy in a helium ion microscope

  • Yuri V. Petrov and
  • Oleg F. Vyvenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1125–1137, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.114

Graphical Abstract
  • the RIM measurements are obviously defined by the signal-to-noise ratio that increases with the image acquisition duration. There are two factors that limit measurement time in RIM: the ion beam induced deposition (IBID) of hydrocarbons and the sputtering of the surface material. The first problem
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Published 07 May 2015

Entropy effects in the collective dynamic behavior of alkyl monolayers tethered to Si(111)

  • Christian Godet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 583–594, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.60

Graphical Abstract
  • of the OML. In contrast with alternative dynamic probes, such as nuclear magnetic resonance, which are limited by a poor signal-to-noise ratio and require functionalization of 3D nanoparticles or porous solids [3], admittance spectroscopy is sensitive to 0.3 picomoles of carboxylic acid dipoles [40
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Published 26 Feb 2015

A scanning probe microscope for magnetoresistive cantilevers utilizing a nested scanner design for large-area scans

  • Tobias Meier,
  • Alexander Förste,
  • Ali Tavassolizadeh,
  • Karsten Rott,
  • Dirk Meyners,
  • Roland Gröger,
  • Günter Reiss,
  • Eckhard Quandt,
  • Thomas Schimmel and
  • Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 451–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.46

Graphical Abstract
  • a squared geometry used in this work shows the highest strain sensitivity of 2 × 10−7 Å, at a bias field angle α of 115° towards the magnetization of the reference layer. For this measurement, we can extract a signal-to-noise ratio of 900 at a bandwidth of 100 kHz which allows one to measure the
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Published 13 Feb 2015

Overview about the localization of nanoparticles in tissue and cellular context by different imaging techniques

  • Anja Ostrowski,
  • Daniel Nordmeyer,
  • Alexander Boreham,
  • Cornelia Holzhausen,
  • Lars Mundhenk,
  • Christina Graf,
  • Martina C. Meinke,
  • Annika Vogt,
  • Sabrina Hadam,
  • Jürgen Lademann,
  • Eckart Rühl,
  • Ulrike Alexiev and
  • Achim D. Gruber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 263–280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.25

Graphical Abstract
  • and subcellular constituents in detail [110]. Spectral imaging and unmixing offers substantial improvement in signal-to-noise ratio and image contrast compared to the use of monochrome band-pass emission filters as employed in conventional fluorescence microscopes [111]. This approach also facilitates
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Published 23 Jan 2015

Materials and characterization techniques for high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

  • Roswitha Zeis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 68–83, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.8

Graphical Abstract
  • dissociate into H2PO4− ions, resulting in a rather small concentration of anions. In 1992, Nart and Iwasita [60] conducted similar experiments and reached very different conclusions. Their FTIR instrument had much improved signal-to-noise ratio and spectral resolution. Furthermore, they measured the FTIR
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Published 07 Jan 2015

Localized surface plasmon resonances in nanostructures to enhance nonlinear vibrational spectroscopies: towards an astonishing molecular sensitivity

  • Dan Lis and
  • Francesca Cecchet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2275–2292, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.237

Graphical Abstract
  • angles for the pump, Stokes, and probe beams, while they further delayed the pump and the probe by 1ps to reduce the non-resonant contribution, and therefore enhance the signal-to-noise ratio. The authors attributed this poor enhancement factor to the increased scattering of light due to the NPs, to the
  • ]. To circumvent that, various experimental means have been envisioned. In 2005, Koo et al. used a polarization-sensitive CARS setup to preferentially enhance the signal coming from the analytes with respect to the background. This procedure enabled them to achieve an extremely high signal to noise
  • ratio and single molecule sensitivity [81]. The authors used a colloidal silver mixture in which the molecular concentration was chosen so that only a single molecule was found within the probed volume, in average. They reported the SE-CARS detection of single DNA nucleotide (dAMP and dGMP, 90 pM
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Published 28 Nov 2014

Advances in NO2 sensing with individual single-walled carbon nanotube transistors

  • Kiran Chikkadi,
  • Matthias Muoth,
  • Cosmin Roman,
  • Miroslav Haluska and
  • Christofer Hierold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2179–2191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.227

Graphical Abstract
  • ). Building on this concept, the authors have recently shown in [36] that combined with the use of ultraclean fabrication processes for gas sensors, suspended gas sensors showed a 9-fold improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio compared to on-substrate sensors as well as improved stability of the threshold
  • voltage (Figure 9b). This increase in signal-to-noise ratio directly implies improved sensor resolution. Recovery For a sensor to be functional, it must be fully recoverable after each cycle of exposure to gas. For NO2 sensing using carbon nanotubes, this is a unique challenge. As discussed earlier, the
  • noise performance, gas sensor products operating at extremely low powers can be envisioned. Compared to nanotube networks employing the same number of nanotubes, a better signal-to-noise ratio, lower power and smaller sizes could then be achieved. In this direction, suspended gas sensors appear to be
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Published 20 Nov 2014

Data-adaptive image-denoising for detecting and quantifying nanoparticle entry in mucosal tissues through intravital 2-photon microscopy

  • Torsten Bölke,
  • Lisa Krapf,
  • Regina Orzekowsky-Schroeder,
  • Tobias Vossmeyer,
  • Jelena Dimitrijevic,
  • Horst Weller,
  • Anna Schüth,
  • Antje Klinger,
  • Gereon Hüttmann and
  • Andreas Gebert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2016–2025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.210

Graphical Abstract
  • microscopy (2PM); denoising; in vivo imaging; nanoparticles; signal to noise ratio (SNR); quantum dots; Introduction Imaging methods applied to detect fluorescent nanoparticles in mucosal tissues should provide high optical resolution and allow large volumes to be scanned. An important and versatile tool
  • under such conditions typically contain large amounts of noise, i.e., statistical variations of the pixel intensities that do not correspond to tissue structures. The signal to noise ratio (SNR) cannot readily be increased by slower scanning or binning, because this would critically affect the temporal
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Published 06 Nov 2014

Dynamic calibration of higher eigenmode parameters of a cantilever in atomic force microscopy by using tip–surface interactions

  • Stanislav S. Borysov,
  • Daniel Forchheimer and
  • David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1899–1904, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.200

Graphical Abstract
  • high-Q cantilevers, the measured response near each resonance may be separately detected with the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Neglecting possible surface memory effects, F depends on the tip position z and its velocity only. With this assumption, the force model to be reconstructed has some
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Published 29 Oct 2014

Carbon-based smart nanomaterials in biomedicine and neuroengineering

  • Antonina M. Monaco and
  • Michele Giugliano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1849–1863, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.196

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  • , which represent the frontiers of neuroprosthetics and brain pacemakers, MEAs should exhibit excellent biocompatibility, large signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), large charge-injection limits, and high spatial resolution. While the latter aspect can be improved by microphotolitography and ultimately designing
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Published 23 Oct 2014

The influence of molecular mobility on the properties of networks of gold nanoparticles and organic ligands

  • Edwin J. Devid,
  • Paulo N. Martinho,
  • M. Venkata Kamalakar,
  • Úna Prendergast,
  • Christian Kübel,
  • Tibebe Lemma,
  • Jean-François Dayen,
  • Tia. E. Keyes,
  • Bernard Doudin,
  • Mario Ruben and
  • Sense Jan van der Molen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1664–1674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.177

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  • Raman spectra from the Au-NP–S-BPP array show a better signal-to-noise ratio attributed to surface enhancement of the Raman signal. The arrayed nature of the gold nanoparticles and their small interparticle separation leads to a plasmon absorbance shown in Figure 2, which is resonant with the 633 nm
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Published 29 Sep 2014
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  • on soft samples, but becomes subject to low-signal-to-noise ratio limitations as the sample becomes stiffer [38]. Finally, the peak-force AFM method [39], a hybrid between contact- and intermittent-contact AFM, also measures the tip–sample force in real time during approach and retract of the tip by
  • -velocities that can studied and, since it is a deflection-based measurement, it may be limited by low signal-to-noise ratio when small displacements or subtle features in the force curve are being studied. Viscoelasticity models and the standard linear solid Viscoelasticity models are used to relate the
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Published 26 Sep 2014

Multi-frequency tapping-mode atomic force microscopy beyond three eigenmodes in ambient air

  • Santiago D. Solares,
  • Sangmin An and
  • Christian J. Long

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1637–1648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.175

Graphical Abstract
  • , also decreases as the higher mode free oscillation amplitude is increased (as discussed in detail in [20] for the trimodal case). This observation is important in terms of signal-to-noise ratio, since the amplitude, phase or frequency shifts, depending on the mode of operation used, could fall below
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Published 25 Sep 2014

Adsorption and oxidation of formaldehyde on a polycrystalline Pt film electrode: An in situ IR spectroscopy search for adsorbed reaction intermediates

  • Zenonas Jusys and
  • R. Jürgen Behm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 747–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.87

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  • further improve the signal-to-noise ratio, and using low reaction temperatures (3 °C) and deuterium substitution to slow down the reaction kinetics and to stabilize weakly adsorbed reaction intermediates, we could detect an IR absorption band at 1660 cm−1 characteristic for adsorbed formyl intermediates
  • –0.4 V), using a thin-film Pt electrode. In order to enhance the sensitivity towards weakly adsorbed reaction intermediates, the experiments were performed employing p-polarized IR radiation to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, and at low reaction temperatures, between room temperature and 3 °C. Low
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Published 30 May 2014

Impact of thermal frequency drift on highest precision force microscopy using quartz-based force sensors at low temperatures

  • Florian Pielmeier,
  • Daniel Meuer,
  • Daniel Schmid,
  • Christoph Strunk and
  • Franz J. Giessibl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 407–412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.48

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  • signal-to-noise ratio of quartz sensors, which showed that deflection detector noise decreases with decreasing beam thickness t [7]. While reducing simply t would lead to a decrease in k as well, the length L was also decreased to keep k in the optimal stiffness range for atomic resolution imaging [29
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Published 04 Apr 2014
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