A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• solubility, solvent conductivity, vapor pressure or the volatility of the solvent, and the electrospinnability of the solvents are the foremost parameters to be considered. Lasprilla-Botero et al. reported that the same polymer yielded different fiber when different solvents were used. This was due to the

• different physicochemical properties of the solvents, such as the electrical conductivity, inherent viscosity of the polymers, and the difference of solubility parameters of the solvent and the polymer [36]. Moreover, they have reported that entanglement concentrations of the polymers varied significantly

• with the solvent and a high solubility in the solvents is not the sole factor for obtaining smooth defect-free fibers. Instead, it is both solubility and electrospinnability. They obtained broader fibers with the increase of the solvent viscosity, which directly affects the final solution viscosity

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

• Sadaf Mushtaq,
• Khuram Shahzad,
• Tariq Saeed,
• Anwar Ul-Hamid,
• Bilal Haider Abbasi,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Waqas Khalid,
• Muhammad Atif,
• Zulqurnain Ali and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

• penetration and hemocompatibility which can be useful for biomedical applications [12][17]. Furthermore, in order to be exploited in biomedical applications, NPs need to fulfill certain criteria which include water solubility, excellent colloidal stability, biocompatibility, and high saturation magnetization

Irradiation-driven molecular dynamics simulation of the FEBID process for Pt(PF₃)₄

• Alexey Prosvetov,
• Alexey V. Verkhovtsev,
• Gennady Sushko and
• Andrey V. Solov’yov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1151–1172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.86

• , novel techniques exploiting the irradiation of nanosystems with collimated electron and ion beams have been developed [2][3]. One of these techniques is electron beam lithography (EBL), which is similar to conventional optical lithography but relies on the change of solubility after electron exposure of

Self-assembly of amino acids toward functional biomaterials

• Huan Ren,
• Lifang Wu,
• Lina Tan,
• Yanni Bao,
• Yuchen Ma,
• Yong Jin and
• Qianli Zou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1140–1150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.85

• promising natural antitumor drug, which can inhibit the transformation, proliferation, and migration of tumor cells through various ways, and has anti-angiogenic activity and good biocompatibility [72]. However, the poor water solubility and low bioavailability of curcumin hinder its direct application [73

• photosensitization activity and photostability of phthalocyanine. Camptothecin can induce tumor apoptosis by inhibiting the activity of topoisomerase I [90]. However, camptothecin has some major limitations in therapeutic applications, such as poor water solubility and rapid lactone ring hydrolysis at physiological

Use of nanosystems to improve the anticancer effects of curcumin

• Andrea M. Araya-Sibaja,
• Norma J. Salazar-López,
• Krissia Wilhelm Romero,
• José R. Vega-Baudrit,
• J. Abraham Domínguez-Avila,
• Carlos A. Velázquez Contreras,
• Ramón E. Robles-Zepeda,
• Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos and
• Gustavo A. González-Aguilar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1047–1062, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.78

• solubility, lack of specificity, high toxicity, poor therapy index, and multidrug resistance are other related drawbacks [6][7]. Orally administered chemotherapy is currently unsuitable due to the low bioavailability of chemotherapeutic agents [8], making intravenous the only viable route of administration

• , cell, or organelle, improving solubility, dissolution rate, and pharmacokinetics [5]. In the case of CUR, the nanosystem size directly influences its biodistribution as demonstrated by Bi et al. [41], who reported differences in the pharmacokinetic profiles when they administered CUR nanosuspension of

• associated with an improved CUR solubility due to the nanosystem. Furthermore, half an hour after pulmonary administration, CUR concentration values higher than 2000 µg/g were observed in the lungs and 6 h after pulmonary administration the concentration was 824 µg/g. Curcumin was also found in other organs

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

• Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
• Bernd Wicklein and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

• phenomenon caused by the migration of long-chain sodium polysulfides (Na2Sn) to the anode, facilitated by their high solubility in carbonate- and ether-based electrolytes [21]. At the anode, Na2Sn is further reduced to insoluble short-chain sodium polysulfides, which precipitate and passivate the electrode

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• cellulose biomass [77]. Although the applications of DESs mentioned above lie at the interface of material and biological science, the following section will only discuss application of DESs in nanomaterial synthesis. As mentioned earlier, the high solubility of metal salts in DESs makes them an ideal

• sulfate groups with repeating galactose units determines the gelation properties of carrageenan [102]. The higher the number of sulfate groups, the lower is the solubility temperature of carrageenan. Therefore, kappa and iota carrageenan do gelate whereas lambda carrageenan does not form gels at room

Modification of a SERS-active Ag surface to promote adsorption of charged analytes: effect of Cu²⁺ ions

• Bahdan V. Ranishenka,
• Andrei Yu. Panarin,
• Irina A. Chelnokova,
• Sergei N. Terekhov,
• Peter Mojzes and
• Vadim V. Shmanai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 902–912, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.67

• of halide ions on the SERS signal. It is due to the high binding energy of Ag with halides, which is also responsible for the low solubility of Ag halides in water. The SERS activation of cationic analytes was observed in a number of studies after treatment of nanoparticles with halide ions [21][22

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

• ), are great candidates for ADV because they have low cytotoxicity and low solubility in aqueous media. In the last decade, ADV has been employed for vessel occlusion therapy, drug delivery, HIFU, tissue lesion formation, and molecular imaging [128][129]. Previous studies showed that a combination of two

Nanoporous and nonporous conjugated donor–acceptor polymer semiconductors for photocatalytic hydrogen production

• Zhao-Qi Sheng,
• Yu-Qin Xing,
• Yan Chen,
• Guang Zhang,
• Shi-Yong Liu and
• Long Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 607–623, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.50

• Conjugated polymers (CPs) as photocatalysts have evoked substantial interest. Their geometries and physical (e.g., chemical and thermal stability and solubility), optical (e.g., light absorption range), and electronic properties (e.g., charge carrier mobility, redox potential, and exciton binding energy) can

• energy, high stability, wide light-absorption range, and sufficient catalytically active sites [7]. Conjugated polymers (CPs) are one of the most promising alternatives to the traditional inorganic photocatalysts. Their geometries and physical (e.g., chemical and thermal stability and solubility

• were dispersed in water. The Pdots of P49 rendered one of the highest HER (150 μmol·h−1, 3 mg) among all Pdots, which was attributed to the water solubility, broad light absorption and abundant catalytic sites of BT-based Pdots. In addition, Hu et al. [71] synthesized hyper-branched Pdots by co

Impact of GaAs(100) surface preparation on EQE of AZO/Al₂O₃/p-GaAs photovoltaic structures

• Piotr Caban,
• Rafał Pietruszka,
• Jarosław Kaszewski,
• Monika Ożga,
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski,
• Krzysztof Kopalko,
• Piotr Kuźmiuk,
• Katarzyna Gwóźdź,
• Ewa Płaczek-Popko,
• Krystyna Lawniczak-Jablonska and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 578–592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.48

• also for non-passivated samples (B2 vs B3) compared accordingly. In these cases, the acidic bath was applied on the samples before the final passivation. According to the literature, such treatment leaves the As-rich surface with elemental As which has low solubility in acids [52]. Thus, the final

Influence of electrospray deposition on C₆₀ molecular assemblies

• Antoine Hinaut,
• Sebastian Scherb,
• Sara Freund,
• Zhao Liu,
• Thilo Glatzel and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 552–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.45

• requirement for the suitability of molecules for ESD is their solubility in a compatible solvent. A drawback is, therefore, the presence of the solvent itself. Various implementations of electrospray deposition setups were developed to allow for the selection of the molecular species via mass spectrometer

The preparation temperature influences the physicochemical nature and activity of nanoceria

• Robert A. Yokel,
• Wendel Wohlleben,
• Johannes Georg Keller,
• Matthew L. Hancock,
• Jason M. Unrine,
• D. Allan Butterfield and
• Eric A. Grulke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 525–540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.43

• were employed. Dissolution of NM-212 and the calcined nanoceria was much slower than that of the non-calcined form. The decreased solubility was attributed to an increased amount of surface Ce4+ species induced by the high temperature. Carboxylic acids doubled the very low dissolution rate of NM-212

• treatment of nanoceria can produce significant differences in solubility and surface cerium valence, which affect the biological and catalytic properties of nanoceria. Keywords: cerium; dissolution; nanoparticles; physicochemical properties; valence state; Introduction The long-term fate of engineered

• have adverse consequences and raised the question whether its method of preparation and solubility are contributing factors. In contrast to the results with NM-212, other nanoceria have been demonstrated to have therapeutic potential for multiple conditions with an oxidative stress/inflammation

A review on nanostructured silver as a basic ingredient in medicine: physicochemical parameters and characterization

• Gabriel M. Misirli,
• Kishore Sridharan and
• Shirley M. P. Abrantes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 440–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.36

• hydrophilic groups with consequent formation of giant micelles (cages) providing reduced water solubility (which defines the cloud point transition). It is exactly at this point that the AgNPs get surrounded by these non-ionic micelles and separated from the ionic silver (hydrophilic character) [149]. The

The impact of molecular tumor profiling on the design strategies for targeting myeloid leukemia and EGFR/CD44-positive solid tumors

• Nikola Geskovski,
• Nadica Matevska-Geshkovska,
• Simona Dimchevska Sazdovska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Kristina Mladenovska and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 375–401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.31

Doxorubicin-loaded gold nanorods: a multifunctional chemo-photothermal nanoplatform for cancer management

• Uzma Azeem Awan,
• Abida Raza,
• Shaukat Ali,
• Rida Fatima Saeed and
• Nosheen Akhtar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 295–303, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.24

• limited due to several unwanted characteristics of poor solubility, broad bioavailability range, narrow therapeutic index, rapid elimination from systemic circulation, unselective site of action after oral/intravenous administration, and cytotoxic effects on normal tissues [6]. The anticancer drug

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• flavones, terpenoids, catechins, and polyphenols [183][315][320], which may also include carboxylic acids, ketones, and aldehydes functional groups. Many studies have reported synthesis of AgNPs by in-plant phytochemicals in the water-soluble form [321]. This is advantageous because the water-solubility of

Bulk chemical composition contrast from attractive forces in AFM force spectroscopy

• Dorothee Silbernagl,
• Media Ghasem Zadeh Khorasani,
• Natalia Cano Murillo,
• Anna Maria Elert and
• Heinz Sturm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 58–71, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.5

• effects on the dissolving process: increase the solubility of PC and decrease the solubility of epoxy by increasing its molecular weight. To find the optimized temperature treatment it is crucial to be able to test the boehmite NPs interphase. Considering the small sample volume and the resolution needed

Effect of different silica coatings on the toxicity of upconversion nanoparticles on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells

• Cynthia Kembuan,
• Helena Oliveira and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 35–48, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.3

• ], or when ions forming lanthanide salts with a low solubility (such as phosphates) are present [10][20][24], which is relevant for their application in physiological solutions. The cytotoxicity of F− ions is in the range of a few millimoles per liter [25][26]. The release of F− ions can induce

• more easily dissolved compared to the other ions [19]. The samples with 200 μg/mL silica-coated UCNPs show a higher percentage of released ions compared to the samples with 200 μg/mL UCNP cores, since the dissolution of NaYF4:Yb,Er UCNPs in water is limited by its low solubility product [62][63]. The

Atomic layer deposited films of Al₂O₃ on fluorine-doped tin oxide electrodes: stability and barrier properties

• Hana Krýsová,
• Michael Neumann-Spallart,
• Hana Tarábková,
• Pavel Janda,
• Ladislav Kavan and
• Josef Krýsa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 24–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.2

• , Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic 10.3762/bjnano.12.2 Abstract Al2O3 layers were deposited onto electrodes by atomic layer deposition. Solubility and electron-transport blocking were tested. Films deposited onto fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO, F:SnO2/glass) substrates blocked electron transfer to

• properties of Al2O3 films remained almost unchanged after one week of exposure. The observed stability in solutions of neutral pH is in agreement with published dissolution data, which show a minimum solubility at pH 6 [8]. Another test to assess the blocking properties of ALD Al2O3 films consisted in

Molecular dynamics modeling of the influence forming process parameters on the structure and morphology of a superconducting spin valve

• Alexander Vakhrushev,
• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Vladimir Boian,
• Roman Morari and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1776–1788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.160

• quantum-mechanical transparency of the interface, TF, was assigned. Here, they considered the effect of the mutual solubility of the metals (of a superconductor and a ferromagnet) on the quantum-mechanical transparency. The transparency parameter of the interface for completely non-wetting metals, such as

• films. For highly mutually soluble metals, such as vanadium and iron (solubility of about 30% at room temperature), the quantum-mechanical transparency parameter is many times higher, TF ≈ 1.6. However, if the structural quality of the films requires deposition on a substrate heated to 100–300 °C, there

• is a high risk of mutual diffusion and the formation of a thick “dead” layer, which also suppresses the transparency of the S/F interface [20]. In the case of materials wetting and limited mutual solubility (as in niobium–nickel and niobium–cobalt, with solubility of about 5% at room temperature

PEG/PEI-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes as delivery carriers for doxorubicin: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation

• Shuoye Yang,
• Zhenwei Wang,
• Yahong Ping,
• Yuying Miao,
• Yongmei Xiao,
• Lingbo Qu,
• Lu Zhang,
• Yuansen Hu and
• Jinshui Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1728–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.155

• PEG and PEI. The main intrinsic drawbacks of SWCNTs are the strong hydrophobicity and easy aggregation in aqueous media [9]. The raw SWCNTs are purified with concentrated acid to obtain carboxylated carbon nanotubes (CNTs-COOH), which significantly improves their water solubility [35][36]. NHS-PEG

Cu₂O nanoparticles for the degradation of methyl parathion

• Juan Rizo,
• David Díaz,
• Benito Reyes-Trejo and
• M. Josefina Arellano-Jiménez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1546–1555, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.137

• shift of 42.2 ppm is that of dimethyl phosphorothioate (P=S) [40], which then hydrolyzes after 44 h to form dimethyl hydrogen phosphate (P=O) and the NMR peak at −4.9 ppm developes [42]. The intensity of the chemical shift is relatively low due to the low solubility in CDCl3, but when D2O is used the

Self-assembly and spectroscopic fingerprints of photoactive pyrenyl tectons on hBN/Cu(111)

• Domenik M. Zimmermann,
• Knud Seufert,
• Luka Ðorđević,
• Tobias Hoh,
• Sushobhan Joshi,
• Tomas Marangoni,
• Davide Bonifazi and
• Willi Auwärter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1470–1483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.130

• trans-like and tetrasubstituted pyrenyl derivatives (Figure 8a and Figure 8b). The cis-substituted pyrene 3 showed a lower solubility in solvents such as toluene, and therefore the optical properties could not be measured, although (TD)DFT calculations indicated a similarity to the trans-like isomer

Analysis of catalyst surface wetting: the early stage of epitaxial germanium nanowire growth

• Owen C. Ernst,
• Felix Lange,
• David Uebel,
• Thomas Teubner and
• Torsten Boeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1371–1380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.121

• rates of 0.005 nm·s−1. Since the solubility of germanium in gold is high, a supersaturated mixture will form. To reduce the supersaturation, germanium precipitates at the bottom of the gold droplet. This way, germanium nanowires may grow. This process is known as vapour–liquid–solid process (VLS