Green synthesis of biomass-derived carbon quantum dots for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

• Dalia Chávez-García,
• Mario Guzman,
• Viridiana Sanchez and
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 755–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.63

• stability compared to those synthesized with urea. It was also found that heteroatoms in the CQDs structure play an important role in the photocatalytic activity of the CQDs as well as in the upconversion photoluminescent behavior. Our investigation also revealed that solar light was more effective than

Effect of repeating hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing on CuO thin film properties

• Monika Ozga,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Aleksandra Wierzbicka,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin Klepka,
• Marek Godlewski,
• Bogdan J. Kowalski and
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 743–754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.62

• with the concept of rapid hydrothermal reactions, which is one of the trends in the modern advancement of the method. The work carried out in this area is aimed at obtaining specific materials in the shortest possible time. Taking into account the limited electrical stability of the so-prepared CuO

• and Discussion The as-grown films are uniform and consist of single-phase CuO. However, they exhibit a notably high content of organic compounds, which are residues from the growth process. These residues contribute to the films’ low electrical stability and their susceptibility to temperature-induced

• enhancement of existing techniques hold significant importance, particularly within the realm of producing materials for specific applications. CuO thin films produced through hydrothermal processes were initially targeted for electronic applications. However, the low electrical stability of the as-grown

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

• Vu Ngoc Hoang,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Le Vu Truong Son,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Vo Thang Nguyen,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Ly Hoang Diem,
• Kieu Chan Ly,
• Ho Sy Thang and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

• the performance of TiO2/GQDs-GCE is better than or comparable with other electrodes with low detection limit. Repeatability, stability and reproducibility The parameters for validity of the proposed approaches are the within-run precision (repeatability), reproducibility, and the within-laboratory

• precision (long term-stability). The repeatability of the method was evaluated by comparing the RSD of the measurement to the RSD of the Horwitz function (RSDH). If RSD is less than half of RSDH, the repeatability is acceptable. The repeatability of this method was determined by analyzing ten replicate

• RSD = 2.26% and IHYP = 9.00 ± 0.14 (μA) with RSD = 1.59%. An RSD smaller than 5% indicates that the proposed technique is reproducible. Stability is a critical characteristic of electrochemical sensors; it can be determined by comparing electrochemical signals from a single electrode, which is kept at

Elastic modulus of β-Ga₂O₃ nanowires measured by resonance and three-point bending techniques

• Annamarija Trausa,
• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Tauno Tiirats,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Boris Polyakov and
• Edgars Butanovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 704–712, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.58

• chemical stability [4][5]. Ga2O3 is a promising candidate for visible-blind UV-light sensors [3], power devices and optoelectronics [6][7][8][9], gas sensors [10], and memory devices [8]. These applications can be scaled down to the nanoscale, including flexible nanodevices. Ga2O3 nanowires (NWs) could be

Gold nanomakura: nanoarchitectonics and their photothermal response in association with carrageenan hydrogels

• Nabojit Das,
• Vikas,
• Akash Kumar,
• Sanjeev Soni and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 678–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.56

• analysis at 670, 650, and 630 nm in CTAB-AuNM, MTAB-AuNM, and DTAB-AuNM, respectively. Furthermore, the impact of morphology and surrounding milieu of the synthesized nanomakuras on photothermal conversion is investigated owing to their retention of plasmonic stability. Interestingly, we found that

• photothermal conversion was exclusively assigned to morphological features (i.e., nanoparticles of higher aspect ratio showed higher temperature change and vice versa irrespective of the surfactant used). To enable biofunctionality and stability, we used kappa-carrageenan- (k-CG) based hydrogels for

• gold nanoparticles. The zeta potential of synthesized gold nanoparticles capped with CTAB, MTAB, and DTAB was found to be greater than +30 mV, which strongly confirms their colloidal stability as shown in the Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1. Stability of AuNMs in different media To investigate

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• accessibility and, thereby, slowing down oxidation, providing conductivity via carbon shells, or providing steric stability against aggregation. Regardless of the liquid medium, the LSPC variants have process-specific characteristics, mainly classified by the product but also by the starting material. LAL, LFL

Exfoliation of titanium nitride using a non-thermal plasma process

• Priscila Jussiane Zambiazi,
• Dolores Ribeiro Ricci Lazar,
• Larissa Otubo,
• Rodrigo Fernando Brambilla de Souza,
• Almir Oliveira Neto and
• Cecilia Chaves Guedes-Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 631–637, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.53

• from graphene, prominent 2D vdW materials include hexagonal boron nitride, transition metal dichalcogenides, talc nanoflakes, and black phosphorus [2][3][4]. However, because of the inherent chemical stability of 2D vdW materials under ambient conditions, researchers have also turned their attention to

• ferromagnetic properties and demonstrated high visible-light photocatalytic activity when loaded onto titania nanotube arrays. Titanium nitride (TiN) has gained recognition as an advanced engineering material because of its outstanding chemical and thermal stability, extreme hardness, and electrical

Comparative analysis of the ultrastructure and adhesive secretion pathways of different smooth attachment pads of the stick insect Medauroidea extradentata (Phasmatodea)

• Julian Thomas,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 612–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.52

• basal layer, similar to that found in G. portentosa [45], confirmation requires TEM analysis. The presence of the wide basal layer potentially augments the mechanical stability of the exocrine cells and ultimately of the arolium [79]. Another difference lies in the autofluorescence of both exocrine

•  5B). In the arolium, however, the endocuticle layer 2 is not recognizable. The wider endocuticle layer 2 in the euplantulae could be a structural feature that increases the resistance to shear forces as well as the stability of the attachment organ. A layer with similar properties, the inner

• the surface. As mentioned above, the presence of the fluid secretion in these layers modulates the stability of the corresponding layers, potentially serving as a soft backing enhancing attachment on the substrate by maximizing the contact area [77]. Dirks and Federle [15] observed that the adhesive

Stiffness calibration of qPlus sensors at low temperature through thermal noise measurements

• Laurent Nony,
• Sylvain Clair,
• Daniel Uehli,
• Aitziber Herrero,
• Jean-Marc Themlin,
• Andrea Campos,
• Franck Para,
• Alessandro Pioda and
• Christian Loppacher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 580–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.50

• temperature has never been reported. Furthermore, because the force sensitivity in nc-AFM critically depends on the mechanical stability of both probe and tip, it seems crucial to perform the probe stiffness calibration in situ, that is, within the LT UHV system, by means of a non-destructive method. In UHV

Radiofrequency enhances drug release from responsive nanoflowers for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

• Yanyan Wen,
• Ningning Song,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Weiwei Wu,
• Qixiong Lin,
• Minjie Cui,
• Rongrong Li,
• Qiufeng Yu,
• Sixue Wu,
• Yongkang Liang,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 569–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.49

• downregulating the expression of VEGFs and the endothelial cell adhesion molecule CD31 [16]. However, disadvantages of CUR include its poor stability, rapid metabolism, and low solubility, which limits its application [17][18][19][20]. To address the aforementioned challenges, intelligent delivery systems have

• ). The special structure of nanoflowers improves the stability and efficiency of the surface reaction [24]. Furthermore, prior research has verified that radiofrequency (RF) hyperthermia can significantly improve the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy at approximately 42 °C [25][26][27

• and coassembled with a CUR layer on their surface. Then, CUR-Fe@MnO2 NFs were obtained by further modification with MnO2 and polyethylene glycol (PEG), which increased the stability and dispersion of the CUR-Fe@MnO2 NFs (Figure 1). MnO2 is difficult to degrade under physiological conditions in vivo

Directed growth of quinacridone chains on the vicinal Ag(35 1 1) surface

• Niklas Humberg,
• Lukas Grönwoldt and
• Moritz Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 556–568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.48

• of the QA molecules causes short chains of orientations B and D to dissolve and integrate into the step-stabilized chains with the orientations A and C, instead. A potential explanation for the higher stability of nuclei of orientations A and C may be that, at 400 K, Ag atoms can thermally detach

• the minority orientations B and D are present on the surface after the deposition at 500 K, although chains with these orientations could not be observed after the deposition at 400 K (see Figure 3c and Figure 4). This can be explained by the stability of the different QA phases. After the deposition

Aero-ZnS prepared by physical vapor transport on three-dimensional networks of sacrificial ZnO microtetrapods

• Veaceslav Ursaki,
• Tudor Braniste,
• Victor Zalamai,
• Emil Rusu,
• Vladimir Ciobanu,
• Vadim Morari,
• Daniel Podgornii,
• Pier Carlo Ricci,
• Rainer Adelung and
• Ion Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 490–499, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.44

• 10 × 10 mm2 to prepare 2 mm thick sample tablets. In order to increase the mechanical stability, the tablets with a density of 0.5 g/cm3 were annealed at 1000 °C for 1 h in air. Morphology analysis was carried out with a VEGA TESCAN 5130 SEM instrument equipped with an EDX detector from Oxford

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light by cobalt ferrite nanoparticles/graphene quantum dots

• Vo Chau Ngoc Anh,
• Le Thi Thanh Nhi,
• Le Thi Kim Dung,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Truong Son,
• Nguyen Thi Thao Uyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Uyen Thu,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Le Trung Hieu,
• Tran Ngoc Tuyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 475–489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.43

• degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light. The catalyst can be recycled with an external magnetic field and displays suitable stability. Also, it was reused in three successive experiments with a loss of efficiency of about 5%. The CF/GQDs are considered as an efficient photocatalyst for MB

• the most important soft-magnetic ferrite materials because of its ferromagnetic properties, high magnetic and thermal stability, low conductivity, and anisotropy [6]. The controllable synthesis of spherical CF nanoparticles from corresponding salts and Arabic gum as surfactant agent using a

• . Then, the material was separated from the solution, and the MB concentration was determined to evaluate the MB decomposition efficiency. Reusability Reusability and stability of the CoFe2O4/GQDs were assessed in three cycles of 120 min. After each cycle, the catalyst was separated from the MB solution

Fabrication of nanocrystal forms of ᴅ-cycloserine and their application for transdermal and enteric drug delivery systems

• Hsuan-Ang Tsai,
• Tsai-Miao Shih,
• Theodore Tsai,
• Jhe-Wei Hu,
• Yi-An Lai,
• Jui-Fu Hsiao and
• Guochuan Emil Tsai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 465–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.42

• improve the bioavailability. In this study, for the first time, DCS, a highly water-soluble compound, has formed nanocrystals and this was confirmed by scanning electronic microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. Furthermore, DCS nanocrystals were applied to several formulations to test their stability

• formulation. The pH stability test of DCS We prepared two solutions for pH stability test to simulate the gastrointestinal environment: 0.1 M of an HCl solution (pH 1.2 at the stomach) (Sigma-Aldrich) and 0.1 M of phosphate buffer (pH 7.4 at the terminal ileum) (Sigma-Aldrich) [26]. Approximately 5 mg of DCS

• antisolvent, and the mixing conditions. During precipitation, different solvents can affect the size, the structure, and the stability of polymorphous particles. To confirm the morphology of DCS nanocrystals, SEM and XRPD analyses were applied for the examination of particle size and structure, respectively

Heat-induced morphological changes in silver nanowires deposited on a patterned silicon substrate

• Elyad Damerchi,
• Sven Oras,
• Edgars Butanovs,
• Allar Liivlaid,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Annamarija Trausa,
• Veronika Zadin,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Loïc Vidal,
• Karine Mougin,
• Siim Pikker and
• Sergei Vlassov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 435–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.39

• affect the outcome of the experiment since in any case defects caused by heating/cooling (hence, tensile compression) cycles will result in reduced thermal stability of the suspended part compared to the adhered part. Note that, as mentioned earlier, the morphology evolution in the adhered parts is

Potential of a deep eutectic solvent in silver nanoparticle fabrication for antibiotic residue detection

• Le Hong Tho,
• Bui Xuan Khuyen,
• Ngoc Xuan Dat Mai and
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 426–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.38

• thermal stability, high polarity, low vapor pressure, and low toxicity, which makes DESs promising candidates for the replacement of thousands of industrial solvents [24][25]. DESs are so versatile that they have been used for nanomaterials synthesis [26][27]. Regarding plasmonic materials, gold

• Ag NPs-DES substrate is sensitive and can be used for quantitative analysis of NFT following the two linear fitting equations: For further investigations on the SERS performance of the Ag NPs-DES thin film, NFT was again selected to test the stability. In practice, a stable SERS substrate is not only

• distribution indicates good uniformity, that is, satisfactory stability. These results can be explained by the LSPR of the rod-like Ag NPs synthesized in DES, which plays an important role in the high intensity [48] and the uniformity of the Ag NPs-DES coating proven in Figure 3B. SDZ detection and selectivity

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• Antioxidants play an important role in the prevention of oxidative stress and have been widely used in medicine and healthcare. However, natural antioxidants have several limitations such as low stability, difficult long-term storage, and high cost of large-scale production. Along with significant advances in

• nanotechnology, nanomaterials have emerged as a promising solution to improve the limitations of natural antioxidants because of their high stability, easy storage, time effectiveness, and low cost. Among various types of nanomaterials exhibiting antioxidant activity, metal-based nanoantioxidants show excellent

• oxidative stress, antioxidants from natural sources still have some notable limitations. These are low stability, low bioavailability, difficult long-term storage, and high cost of large-scale production [5][6]. Recently, nanomaterials have emerged as a promising strategy to overcome the limitations of

Controllable physicochemical properties of WO_x thin films grown under glancing angle

• Rupam Mandal,
• Aparajita Mandal,
• Alapan Dutta,
• Rengasamy Sivakumar,
• Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 350–359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.31

• [2]. WOx nanostructures, exhibiting high chemical and thermal stability, and structural flexibility, have obvious relevance in areas such as photocatalysis [22], electrochromism [23], supercapacitors [24], and lithium batteries [25] and have undergone extensive investigations during the last decades

• duration of 1200 s to achieve stability in depositions and contamination-free films. A constant substrate rotation (10 rpm) was maintained to achieve uniform WOx films. Post-growth annealing of all WOx films (grown under the same conditions) was performed at 673 K for 60 min in a vacuum environment (3 × 10

Nanomedicines against Chagas disease: a critical review

• Maria Jose Morilla,
• Kajal Ghosal and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 333–349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.30

• . The lipids from nanoarc-imq showed extraordinary resistance to factors that normally reduce the structural stability of nanoparticulate material. The treatment not only reduced parasitemia but also eliminated inflammation and cardiac fibrosis more efficiently than BNZ [146]. These preliminary results

Comparative electron microscopy particle sizing of TiO₂ pigments: sample preparation and measurement

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Christopher Drury,
• Markus Rohe,
• Thomas Koch,
• Jochen Winkler and
• Petr Pikal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 317–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.29

• completeness. The results in [11] were obtained by the same laboratories using the same, or slightly adopted, measurement protocols as in this report. To check the stability of samples and the consistency of the measurement protocols used in the participating laboratories over time, we re-measured these five

• based on elliptical particle shape. Based on current knowledge, sample preparation appears to be the most likely source of error, and the more dispersion and dilution steps involved, the smaller the observed particle size. This is related to the higher stability of nanoparticles in stabilised

Investigating structural and electronic properties of neutral zinc clusters: a G₀W₀ and G₀W₀Г₀⁽¹⁾ benchmark

• Sunila Bakhsh,
• Muhammad Khalid,
• Sameen Aslam,
• Muhammad Sohail,
• Muhammad Aamir Iqbal,
• Mujtaba Ikram and
• Kareem Morsy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 310–316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.28

• literature to study the stability of these structures. We further assess the electronic properties, including the ionization potential, using the all-electron FHI-aims code employing G0W0 calculations, and the G0W0Г0(1) correction for a few smaller clusters, which provides a better estimation of the

• decreases. Bulk zinc has metallic characteristics because of the overlap of the s and p orbitals. In the past, Zn clusters have been analyzed both experimentally and theoretically, where the studies were mainly conducted to determine the stability and electronic properties of the zinc cluster ground state

• clusters have been reported in the literature. Our G0W0 calculations will provide a benchmark to help accelerate the research on clusters and creating materials with high stability that can be used for advanced energy storage applications [17][18][19]. In this work, we have employed the generalized

Exploring the relationships between physiochemical properties of nanoparticles and cell damage to combat cancer growth using simple periodic table-based descriptors

• Joyita Roy and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 297–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.27

• solution. It is closely related to suspension stability and morphology. In metals, the zeta potential can be altered by altering pH, concentration, and conductivity of the components of NPs [10]. Zeta potential can provide information regarding the fate, behavior, and toxicity of NPs in the environment as

• electronegativity also influences the catalytic property of the cationic form and the surface charge formed around the metal oxide surface. The highly electronegative surface of MeOx NPs [39] affects their behavior and stability, thus determining the net charge of ions in a given medium. Certain MeOx NPs are

• stability based on the aggregation phenomenon. This is well observed in MeOx NPs, where an increase in the oxidation number (χox) decreases the zeta potential. In WO3 NPs, the χox value is 6 and the zeta potential value is −23 mV; for NiO NPs, the χox value is 2, and the zeta potential value is 34.4 mV. The

Ultrasensitive and ultrastretchable metal crack strain sensor based on helical polydimethylsiloxane

• Shangbi Chen,
• Dewen Liu,
• Weiwei Chen,
• Huajiang Chen,
• Jiawei Li and
• Jinfang Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 270–278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.25

• remarkable stability and favorable recoverability. Figure 2d illustrates the response time of the helical sensor when subjected to a quasi-transient step strain of 10%. Notably, the response time was approximately 158 ms, while the relaxation time was approximately 243 ms, indicating a strong response to

• within the tested frequency range, indicating the helical sensor’s sensitivity and stability across a wide range of frequencies. Furthermore, the helical sensor exhibits dynamic durability, as it maintains a steady electrical response and mechanical integrity during long-term stretch and release cycles

• observed in crack-based strain sensors [37]. It is evident that the helical strain sensor exhibits exceptional stability and recoverability, thereby demonstrating excellent reproducibility and durability in practical applications. In Figure 2h, the helical sensor demonstrates exceptional strain-sensing

Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study

• Zeynep Özcan and
• Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruç

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24

• anticancer drugs while mitigating the adverse effects of large dosage administration [6][7]. Additionally, it offers several advantages, such as controlled release, targeted drug delivery, and improved stability [8]. Moreover, nanoscale drug delivery systems hold great promise for specific cancer treatments

• customizable morphology [23][24]. Additionally, the photothermal conversion efficiency of PDA, PDA concentration, reaction time, and PDA thickness can be adjusted. Importantly, PDA exhibits a 40% photothermal conversion rate with excellent photothermal stability, indicating its significant potential as a NIR

• stability and efficiency Fe3O4 NPs, PDA/Fe3O4 NPs, and VNB/PDA/Fe3O4 NPs (at a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL and in a total volume of 1 mL) were exposed to 808 nm (1 W/cm2) NIR laser irradiation for a duration of 5 min. PBS was used as a control. The temperature changes of the NP solutions were recorded using

Quantitative wear evaluation of tips based on sharp structures

• Ke Xu and
• Houwen Leng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 230–241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.22

• different scanning parameters on ETD and Ra. When the free amplitude is set to 200 mV, the scanning frequency to 0.2 Hz, and the set point to 0.2, there is a relatively small variation in ETD and Ra. This indicates high stability. These findings underscore the importance of choosing appropriate scanning