Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic performance of heterostructured CuO–ZnO-loaded composite nanofiber membranes

• Wei Fang,
• Liang Yu and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 631–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.50

• studies. FTIR and XRD analysis: FTIR was used to characterize the CNFMs with different [Cu(Ac)2/Zn(Ac)2]/[PVDF/PAN] weight ratios (Figure 7). The peaks at 879 cm−1 correspond to the asymmetric stretching vibration of –CF2– in PVDF. The peaks at 1070 and 1276 cm−1 represent the β-phase of PVDF. There was

• also an obscure peak near 1070 cm−1, which might belong to –C–C– stretching vibrations. The peak at 2250 cm−1 corresponds to the stretching vibration of –CN– in PAN and the peak at 2942 cm−1 can be assigned to the stretching vibration of –CH2–. The spectra of the CNFMs with Cu(Ac)2 and Zn(Ac)2 (Figure

•  7b–e) have a wide peak at 1573 cm−1, which represents the antisymmetric stretching vibration of –COO–, indicating that these CNFMs include Cu(Ac)2 and Zn(Ac)2 [38][39][40]. The change of the [Cu(Ac)2/Zn(Ac)2]/[PVDF/PAN] weight ratio has little influence on the spectra. In order to determine the

Silver-decorated gel-shell nanobeads: physicochemical characterization and evaluation of antibacterial properties

• Marta Bartel,
• Katarzyna Markowska,
• Marcin Strawski,
• Krystyna Wolska and
• Maciej Mazur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 620–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.49

• is characteristic of C–H out-of-plane vibrations in para-substituted benzene rings. On the other hand, the 756 cm−1 mode is attributable to monosubstituted benzene due to the out-of-plane bending vibration of the five CH groups in the aromatic ring. The presence of these two bands confirms therefore

Soybean-derived blue photoluminescent carbon dots

• Shanshan Wang,
• Wei Sun,
• Dong-sheng Yang and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 606–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.48

• %, suggesting the presence of similar chemical-bonding structures. For example, both CDs possess the bonds of O–H and N–H stretching vibration at 3344 cm−1 and 3366 cm−1 [43][44], respectively. The presence of the O–H and N–H groups makes the CDs hydrophilic and improves the stability and dispersibility of the

Comparison of fresh and aged lithium iron phosphate cathodes using a tailored electrochemical strain microscopy technique

• Matthias Simolka,
• Hanno Kaess and
• Kaspar Andreas Friedrich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 583–596, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.46

• , which is induced by the ionic vibration in the material. Due to the modified experimental set-up, the presented ESM technique does not correspond to the classical ESM technique introduced by Balke et al. [24], but is similar to the time-domain measurements reported by Jesse et al. [33], therefore we

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

Interfacial charge transfer processes in 2D and 3D semiconducting hybrid perovskites: azobenzene as photoswitchable ligand

• Nicole Fillafer,
• Tobias Seewald,
• Lukas Schmidt-Mende and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 466–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.38

• presence of the azo compounds was verified using a combination of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. A characteristic vibration at 2991 cm−1, which can be associated to the N–H stretching vibrations of the ammonium headgroup (Figure 4E), vanishes completely for 3D-AzoC2

Synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic performance of 0D/2D CuO/tourmaline composite photocatalysts

• Changqiang Yu,
• Min Wen,
• Zhen Tong,
• Shuhua Li,
• Yanhong Yin,
• Xianbin Liu,
• Yesheng Li,
• Tongxiang Liang,
• Ziping Wu and
• Dionysios D. Dionysiou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 407–416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.31

• molecular vibration characterization revealed that CuO chemically interacted with tourmaline via Si–O–Cu bonds. The specific surface area of the CuO/tourmaline composite (23.60 m2 g−1) was larger than that of the pristine CuO sample (3.41 m2 g−1). The CuO/tourmaline composite exhibited excellent

• spectroscopy. As shown in Figure 2, three bands appeared at 3487 cm−1, 3554 cm−1, and 3635 cm−1 resulting from the vibration of the three OH groups in tourmaline [2]. The bending vibration of the Si–O group was detected at 488 cm−1 [27]. The band at 649 cm−1 was due to the RIV–O (R = Al, Fe, Mg, Mn) stretching

• vibration, and the peaks at 708 cm−1 and 777 cm−1 result from the Si–O–Si stretching vibration [2][28]. A well-resolved band at 974 cm−1 originated from the Si–O stretching vibration [29], and was shifted to 989 cm−1 with a blue-shift of 15 cm−1 for the CuO/tourmaline composite compared with that of the

Poly(1-vinylimidazole) polyplexes as novel therapeutic gene carriers for lung cancer therapy

• Gayathri Kandasamy,
• Elena N. Danilovtseva,
• Vadim V. Annenkov and
• Uma Maheswari Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 354–369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.26

• investigated by using FTIR and DSC (Figure 2). The FTIR of PVI shows vibration bands at 2950 cm−1 (imidazole C–H stretching vibrations) and at 1645, 1506 and 1411 cm−1 (imidazole C–N stretching vibrations). The N–H in-plane bending vibrations are observed at 1235 cm−1. The polyplex also shows stretching

Facile biogenic fabrication of hydroxyapatite nanorods using cuttlefish bone and their bactericidal and biocompatibility study

• Satheeshkumar Balu,
• Manisha Vidyavathy Sundaradoss,
• Swetha Andra and
• Jaison Jeevanandam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 285–295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.21

• the existence of aragonite carbonates [26]. The presence of a characteristic peak at 3424 cm−1 is due to the vibration of O–H stretching, which indicates the presence of alcoholic functional groups [27]. Likewise, the IR bands recorded for the CB-Hap sample at 1038 and 568 cm−1 reveals the presence of

Synthesis of amorphous and graphitized porous nitrogen-doped carbon spheres as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

• Maximilian Wassner,
• Markus Eckardt,
• Andreas Reyer,
• Thomas Diemant,
• Michael S. Elsaesser,
• R. Jürgen Behm and
• Nicola Hüsing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1–15, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.1

• ) and (101) crystal planes of the graphite lattice. All Raman spectra (Figure 6 and Table 3) of the N-doped carbon spheres show two bands at ca. 1350 cm−1 (D band) and ca. 1600 cm−1 (G band). The G band is due to the E2g in-plane vibration mode of the graphite lattice and hence assigned to the sp2

• -hybridized carbon atoms inside the graphite layers; the D band is associated to the A1g in-plane breathing vibration mode occurring at the edges of sp2-hybridized carbon domains, which appear for structural defects and disordered structures. A relative degree of graphitization can be evaluated by the ratio

pH-Controlled fluorescence switching in water-dispersed polymer brushes grafted to modified boron nitride nanotubes for cellular imaging

• Saban Kalay,
• Yurij Stetsyshyn,
• Volodymyr Donchak,
• Khrystyna Harhay,
• Ostap Lishchynskyi,
• Halyna Ohar,
• Yuriy Panchenko,
• Stanislav Voronov and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2428–2439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.233

• functionalized by oligoperoxide. The recorded FTIR spectra of pristine and P(AA-co-FA)-functionalized BNNTs are presented in Figure 3. The spectrum of pristine BNNTs is comprised of two broad asymmetric absorption bands, the B–N–B longitudinal in-plane bond vibration at 1327 cm−1, and the out-of-plane radial

Polyvinylpyrrolidone as additive for perovskite solar cells with water and isopropanol as solvents

• Chen Du,
• Shuo Wang,
• Xu Miao,
• Wenhai Sun,
• Yu Zhu,
• Chengyan Wang and
• Ruixin Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2374–2382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.228

• . The position of the C=O stretching vibration in pure PVP is 1662 cm−1, in line with the results obtained by Bo Li and co-workers [36]. The IR spectra of the perovskite films with three different amounts of PVP additive are given in Figure 6b. After the addition of small amounts of PVP, the C=O

• stretching vibration is insignificant. Figure 6c shows an enlargement of the position of the C=O stretch of Figure 6b (dashed box). The C=O stretching vibration of the perovskite films appears at lower wavenumbers than that of pure PVP, because the formation of the adduct causes the strength of the carbon

Multiwalled carbon nanotube based aromatic volatile organic compound sensor: sensitivity enhancement through 1-hexadecanethiol functionalisation

• Nadra Bohli,
• Meryem Belkilani,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Adnane Abdelghani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2364–2373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.227

• corresponding bands are found at 2960, 1730, 1470, 1290 and 1076 cm−1, which can be assigned to C–H stretching, C=O stretching, C–H bending, C–O stretching and C–H anti-stretching vibration mode, respectively. The existence of the associated Au–S bond weak intensity peak positioned at 669 cm−1 proves the

• attachment of 1-hexadecanethiol on the Au-MWCNT sensor layer. The corresponding S–H stretch vibration mode band is found at 2360 cm−1 [27][28][29][30]. Moreover, other techniques were used for thiol monolayer characterisation. In previous work [31][32], different thiol chains were characterized by Raman

The role of Ag⁺, Ca²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Al³⁺ adions in the SERS turn-on effect of anionic analytes

• Stefania D. Iancu,
• Andrei Stefancu,
• Vlad Moisoiu,
• Loredana F. Leopold and
• Nicolae Leopold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2338–2345, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.224

• vibration observed at 1587 cm−1 in the Raman spectrum shifts to 1582 cm−1 in the SERS spectrum. The SERS spectrum of salicylic acid at a concentration of 0.1 mM was reported previously by Alvarez-Puebla and co-workers [23]. The SERS spectrum could be obtained only at acidic pH values of the colloidal cit

• interaction with the silver surface induces even more pronounced spectral shifts. The C=C stretching vibration observed at 1653 cm−1 in the Raman spectrum of the 0.1 M solution shifts to 1642 cm−1 in the SERS spectrum (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3C). In the SERS spectra of salicylic acid and

• vibration, which appears usually as a strong band in the 1360–1450 cm−1 range of the Raman spectra of carboxylic acids [33][34]. It can be observed that for uric acid the highest Raman enhancement is obtained when the chemisorption is mediated by Pb2+ adions, while for salicylic and fumaric acid Al3+ leads

Targeted therapeutic effect against the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 with a CuFe₂O₄/silica/cisplatin nanocomposite formulation

• B. Rabindran Jermy,
• Vijaya Ravinayagam,
• Widyan A. Alamoudi,
• Dana Almohazey,
• Hatim Dafalla,
• Lina Hussain Allehaibi,
• Abdulhadi Baykal,
• Muhammet S. Toprak and
• Thirunavukkarasu Somanathan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2217–2228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.214

• nanoparticles at the pores of HYPS. The FTIR technique was used to confirm the bonding and vibrational modes of copper ferrite with silica (Figure 3). The FTIR spectra of HYPS showed several peaks corresponding to Si–O–Si stretching and vibration, hydroxyl and Si–O bonding around 432 cm−1, 800 cm−1 and between

Improved adsorption and degradation performance by S-doping of (001)-TiO₂

• Xiao-Yu Sun,
• Xian Zhang,
• Xiao Sun,
• Ni-Xian Qian,
• Min Wang and
• Yong-Qing Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2116–2127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.206

• samples, the S-doped samples exhibit the Ti–S vibration mode with the corresponding absorption peak located at 1060 cm−1. Compared to the spectrum of the S-doped samples synthesized at 180 °C (Figure 3a), the spectrum of the S-doped samples produced at 250 °C (Figure 3b) exhibits the following differences

• : (1) the Ti–S vibration is stronger, (2) a new vibrational mode appears, i.e., the Ti–O–S vibration at 1160 cm−1 [21] caused by S6+ replacing Ti4+ (this was also confirmed by the XPS results given below), (3) the S=O vibration in the range of 1380–1400 cm−1 results from a sulfate complex formed by

• surface-adsorbed SO42− and TiO2 [30][31], (4) the vibrational modes at 1800 and 2515 cm−1 can be attributed to the –COOH group [32][33]; while those at 2850 and 2920 cm−1 can be attributed to the C–H group [34]; the C–OH vibration mode is located at 880 cm−1 [35][36], (5) the vibrational mode at 2138 cm−1

Processing nanoporous organic polymers in liquid amines

• Jeehye Byun,
• Damien Thirion and
• Cafer T. Yavuz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1844–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.179

• =O, and C–N–H stretching vibrations, respectively [26]. The strong peak at 1365 cm−1 in both COP-100-Film and COP-100-Precip. spectra were attributed to the ethylene C–H stretching vibration of EDA. The direct formation of the amide functionality could be possibly due to the easy condensation with

Tuning the performance of vanadium redox flow batteries by modifying the structural defects of the carbon felt electrode

• Ditty Dixon,
• Deepu Joseph Babu,
• Aiswarya Bhaskar,
• Hans-Michael Bruns,
• Joerg J. Schneider,
• Frieder Scheiba and
• Helmut Ehrenberg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1698–1706, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.165

• cm−1 and 1356 cm−1 are compared. The G-band in graphitic material arises from the in-plane vibration of sp2 carbon atoms. Whereas the D-band arises from out-of-plane vibrations from carbon associated with defects. Therefore, the ratio of the intensity of the D- and G-bands (ID/IG) gives direct

Layered double hydroxide/sepiolite hybrid nanoarchitectures for the controlled release of herbicides

• Ediana Paula Rebitski,
• Margarita Darder and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1679–1690, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.163

• specially to the very intense bands at 1748 and 1707 cm−1 assigned to the νC=O vibration modes of the carboxylic group of MCPA, which are not observed in the spectra of both the MCPAie-LDH and the MCPAie-LDH/Sep1:1_150C hybrids (Figure 2B). They are shifted towards lower wavenumbers expected at around 1610

• cm−1 (symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibration of ionized COO− groups) [39] as the carboxylic group should be present as carboxylate. In fact, the spectra show a large band in the range of 1630–1600 cm−1 due to the overlap of such bands with the one ascribed to δHOH vibration modes of water

• ) and d(113) are observed in all the nanoarchitectures formed, confirming the formation of the LDH structure for all the studied LDH/sepiolite ratios. The formation of true hybrid nanoarchitectures was confirmed by infrared and NMR spectroscopy. For this purpose, the spectral region of the OH vibration

Subsurface imaging of flexible circuits via contact resonance atomic force microscopy

• Wenting Wang,
• Chengfu Ma,
• Yuhang Chen,
• Lei Zheng,
• Huarong Liu and
• Jiaru Chu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1636–1647, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.159

• microscopy where the sample is ultrasonically excited at a specified frequency and the amplitude and phase of the cantilever are recorded [13][14]. After that, the theoretical analysis of the cantilever vibration with the tip contacting the sample surface was intensively investigated, including the influence

• . The influence of some key imaging factors was investigated including the applied normal force, cantilever stiffness, vibration eigenmode, and the elastic properties and thickness of each layer. The experimental results were then interpreted with theoretical analysis considering the dynamic model of

• (PC) and polyimide (PI) for the bottom and top layers, and Au, Cu, Ti, Ag and Mg for the middle layer. The mechanical parameters of these materials are listed in Table 2. The Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio of the silicon substrate are 160 GPa and 0.278, respectively. Cantilever vibration model

Chiral nanostructures self-assembled from nitrocinnamic amide amphiphiles: substituent and solvent effects

• Hejin Jiang,
• Huahua Fan,
• Yuqian Jiang,
• Li Zhang and
• Minghua Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1608–1617, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.156

• self-assembled molecules, FTIR spectroscopy was employed to evaluate the formation mechanism of self-assembly. As shown in Figure 5, for the 2NCLG and 4NCLG assemblies, two absorption bands at ≈3330 cm−1 and ≈3284 cm−1 were observed, which can be ascribed to the N–H stretching vibration. While for

• 3NCLG, the shoulder absorption band showed a red shift to ≈3328 cm−1 and the main absorption band displayed a blue shift to ≈3302 cm−1, which illustrated the weaker hydrogen bonding between 3NCLG molecules than that of 2NCLG and 4NCLG. The CH3 and CH2 stretching vibration bands of alkyl chains at ≈2955

• , 2920 and 2849 cm−1 showed no obvious change. The band at ≈1650 cm−1 was almost the same for all the three assemblies, which was assigned to the C=O stretching vibration of the amide I. However, the amide II band of the C–N–H bending vibration of the 2NCLG and 4NCLG assemblies was at ≈1560 cm−1, while

Development of a new hybrid approach combining AFM and SEM for the nanoparticle dimensional metrology

• Loïc Crouzier,
• Alexandra Delvallée,
• Sébastien Ducourtieux,
• Laurent Devoille,
• Guillaume Noircler,
• Christian Ulysse,
• Olivier Taché,
• Elodie Barruet,
• Christophe Tromas and
• Nicolas Feltin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1523–1536, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.150

• too strong interactions with the sample and subsequent NP displacements. For vibration considerations, each instrument sits on a massive concrete block decoupled from the building. Furthermore, the AFM instrument is placed in an enclosure to protect it against acoustic noise and installed on an anti

• -vibration table. The pixel size was set to 5.0 nm for all AFM measurements. Moreover, the scanning parameters are fixed regardless of the NP population under study. The scan speed is equal to 4 µm/s with constant PID parameters set at 0.8 for integral gain and 10 for the proportional one. Laboratory

Synthesis of P- and N-doped carbon catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction via controlled phosphoric acid treatment of folic acid

• Rieko Kobayashi,
• Takafumi Ishii,
• Yasuo Imashiro and
• Jun-ichi Ozaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1497–1510, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.148

• such as changes in the chemical states of N and the amount of P were retained. The work function of PH-series carbon materials was determined by the vibration capacitance (Kelvin) method and fluctuated in the range of 5.4–5.6 eV (Figure 6a), decreasing with increasing CPAT temperature in the range of

• 451.4 eV. Work functions were measured under N2 by a vibration capacity electrometer (DCU series10, KP Technology). TEM images of the carbon materials. (a) H-1000, (b) P-1000, (c) HH-700, (d) PH700. Correlations between P/C atomic ratio and N/C atomic ratio of P-series precursors (open circles) and HP

The effect of magneto-crystalline anisotropy on the properties of hard and soft magnetic ferrite nanoparticles

• Hajar Jalili,
• Bagher Aslibeiki,
• Ali Ghotbi Varzaneh and
• Volodymyr A. Chernenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1348–1359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.133

• measured at 300 K in the wave number range of 400–4000 cm−1. Figure 5 shows the FTIR spectra of the samples. The absorption band observed at around 3385 cm−1 is attributed to the vibration mode of the O–H groups in the H2O molecules. The peak observed at around 1556 cm−1 is ascribed to amide II (NH2

• deformation, N–H bending) [26] and the absorption peak at around 1330 cm−1 is related to the stretching vibration bands of the carboxylate group (C=O) [27]. The latter two peaks (1556 and 1330 cm−1) are observed in all samples and can be ascribed to the presence of some impurity in the KBr pellets, which is

• used for FTIR analysis. Two main absorption bands are observed at frequencies below 1000 cm−1. The band around 569 cm−1 and the band around 444 cm−1 are related to the vibration of metal–oxygen (Me–O) bonds at tetrahedral and octahedral sites, respectively [28][29]. The presence of these two bands

Janus-micromotor-based on–off luminescence sensor for active TNT detection

• Ye Yuan,
• Changyong Gao,
• Daolin Wang,
• Chang Zhou,
• Baohua Zhu and
• Qiang He

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1324–1331, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.131

• stretching vibration, can be seen in the FTIR spectra of APTES-UCNPs. These results indicate that the UCNPs were successfully modified with APTES. It has been demonstrated that the amine group is important to allow UCNPs to detect TNT. To verify the functionalization of the APTES-UCNPs with amine groups, the