The role of adatoms in chloride-activated colloidal silver nanoparticles for surface-enhanced Raman scattering enhancement

• Nicolae Leopold,
• Andrei Stefancu,
• Krisztian Herman,
• István Sz. Tódor,
• Stefania D. Iancu,
• Vlad Moisoiu and
• Loredana F. Leopold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2236–2247, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.208

• organic stabilizing agents such as citrate [19] or poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) [20][21]. The photoreduction of AgCl crystals has also been previously reported; however, the photoconversion of AgCl to silver nanoparticles was performed in the presence of stabilizing agents, such as proteins [22] or DNA [23

Dumbbell gold nanoparticle dimer antennas with advanced optical properties

• Janning F. Herrmann and
• Christiane Höppener

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2188–2197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.205

• nanoparticles on a mirror substrate using defined spacer layers [47][48], in general, this approach is non-transferrable to tip-supported antennas used, e.g., in TENOM and TERS. Another frequently considered approach utilizes DNA as scaffold for the alignment of the nanoparticles [41][49][50]. In particular

• , DNA origami-structures provide a high versatility of the formed structures, however, the gap sizes on the sub-nanometer scale are difficult to control. Recently, we succeeded in the formation of dumbbell dimer antennas by means of the electrostatic interaction of positively charged 40 nm AuNPs and

Colorimetric detection of Cu²⁺ based on the formation of peptide–copper complexes on silver nanoparticle surfaces

• Gajanan Sampatrao Ghodake,
• Surendra Krishna Shinde,
• Rijuta Ganesh Saratale,
• Avinash Ashok Kadam,
• Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale,
• Asad Syed,
• Fuad Ameen and
• Dae-Young Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1414–1422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.134

• concentration is significantly lower than that of 20 μM reported by Xu et al. [11], and 5.0 μM by Lu and Liu [26], using DNA-modified NPs. Recently, colorimetric methods based on gold NPs have been widely reported for Cu2+ detection (Table 1). However, as mentioned above, such procedures are costly. The

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

• Jaison Jeevanandam,
• Ahmed Barhoum,
• Yen S. Chan,
• Alain Dufresne and
• Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98

• highly beneficial for the proper function of humans are found to be in nanometer size range. It can be also noted that the genetic material (DNA or RNA), which is important for the cell formation and function of all living cells, are nanostructures. This clearly shows that nanostructures are the basic

• , DNA, membrane-bound structure with dense cytoplasm and nuclear area as well as mineral compounds similar to actinomycetes and fungi. The uniqueness of nanobes is their size, which is well below the range considered to be viable for autonomous life on Earth, and that they were recently found in martian

• ]. Generally, biocompatible magnetite (Fe3O4), iron oxide, iron sulfides and maghemite (Fe2O3) are synthesized using magnetotactic bacteria [156][157] that helps in targeted cancer treatment via magnetic hyperthermia, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), DNA analysis and gene therapy [158]. Moreover, surface

Bioinspired self-healing materials: lessons from nature

• Joseph C. Cremaldi and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 907–935, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.85

• basic characteristics, including chemical uniqueness, complexity and hierarchical organization, reproduction, genetic program (DNA), metabolism, developmental life cycle, environmental interaction, and movement [25]. However, one major division in the animal kingdom that changes the way in which animals

Comparative study of antibacterial properties of polystyrene films with TiO_x and Cu nanoparticles fabricated using cluster beam technique

• Vladimir N. Popok,
• Cesarino M. Jeppesen,
• Peter Fojan,
• Anna Kuzminova,
• Jan Hanuš and
• Ondřej Kylián

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 861–869, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.80

• through mechanisms based on (i) metal ion selectivity (replacement of original metals leading to cellular dysfunction); (ii) metal reduction potential (generating or catalysing the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) damaging cellular proteins, lipids and DNA) and (iii) direct nanoparticle (NP

Correction: Photobleaching of YOYO-1 in super-resolution single DNA fluorescence imaging

• Joseph R. Pyle and
• Jixin Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 809–811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.74

Mechanistic insights into plasmonic photocatalysts in utilizing visible light

• Kah Hon Leong,
• Azrina Abd Aziz,
• Lan Ching Sim,
• Pichiah Saravanan,
• Min Jang and
• Detlef Bahnemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 628–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.59

• achieve tunable light absorption and emission. Prior works reported the use of DNA oligonucleotides [152][153] and virus capsids [154] as tunable spacers to control the distance between Au NPs and fluorophores. The assembly hierarchy of the plasmonic photocatalysts were carried out using both MS2 virus

• capsids and DNA origami as biological scaffolds to increase fluorescence intensity by tuning the distance between capsid and Au NPs [155]. In recent years, the phytochemicals present in plant-based and waste materials have been used as reducing and stabilizing agents to prepare plasmonic metals (Au and Ag

Wafer-scale bioactive substrate patterning by chemical lift-off lithography

• Chong-You Chen,
• Chang-Ming Wang,
• Hsiang-Hua Li,
• Hong-Hseng Chan and
• Wei-Ssu Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 311–320, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.31

• -FAM-3’ target DNA-specific probe (42 bp): 5’ HS-(CH2)6-GCG ACT GGG ATT AAA TAA AAT AGT AAG AAT GTA TAG CCC AGT-FAM-3’ target DNA (33 bp): 5’-GCT ATA CAT TCT TAC TAT TTT ATT TAA TCC CAG-3’ Before tethering the thiolated probes onto CLL-treated substrates, 5 μL of the 10 μM probe solution was first

• TRIS buffer (150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4) in advance. Target DNA solutions in 25 mM TRIS buffer (150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4) was thereafter dropped onto the target DNA-specific probe-modified substrates for a 5 min incubation period. For sandwich-like array signal reporting, biotinylated thiol-patterned substrates

• are therefore reduced with the increase of UT molecule ratio in the matrix. It is important to note that although single-stranded DNA probes may adsorb nonspecifically on methyl-terminated SAMs [35], their contribution to fluorescence image contrast is deducted due to the close dye-to-Au distance

Liquid-crystalline nanoarchitectures for tissue engineering

• Baeckkyoung Sung and
• Min-Ho Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 205–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.22

• DNA, collagen, chitin, viruses, as well as phospholipids and cellulose [23][24]. In test tubes, biocolloidal systems can be finely tuned to form self-organized structures by complex interplays between entropic and enthalpic driving forces, electrostatic and viscoelastic effects, and hydrophilic and

• example of LC phases of biocolloids, especially focused on the B-form of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Here the rod-like fragments (50 nm in length) of dsDNA undergo a phase transition in dependence on the rod concentration, dissolved in the 0.25 M ammonium acetate buffer. The polymorphic LC phases and

• their complex geometries of DNA molecules have been thoroughly explored by Livolant and colleagues [30][31]. As the DNA concentration increases, the mesophase of DNA molecules transits from the isotropic phase, blue phase or precholesteric phase (below 160 mg/mL), cholesteric phase (160–380 mg/mL), and

Patterning of supported gold monolayers via chemical lift-off lithography

• Liane S. Slaughter,
• Kevin M. Cheung,
• Sami Kaappa,
• Huan H. Cao,
• Qing Yang,
• Thomas D. Young,
• Andrew C. Serino,
• Sami Malola,
• Jana M. Olson,
• Stephan Link,
• Hannu Häkkinen,
• Anne M. Andrews and
• Paul S. Weiss

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2648–2661, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.265

• supported Au–thiolate layers. The patterning of these layers laterally encodes their functionality, as demonstrated by a fluorescence-based approach that relies on dye-labeled complementary DNA hybridization. Supported thin Au films can be patterned via features on PDMS stamps (controlled contact), using

• transparent at visible wavelengths to within our measurement capabilities. Although the Au monolayers were not optically detectable, we labeled them with thiolated DNA using a strategy to detect even minor amounts of species via their chemical properties [33][34][35]. In doing so, we demonstrated the chemical

• functionality of the Au–alkanethiolate monolayers (Figure 2). Complementary DNA was hybridized to thiolated single-stranded DNA self-assembled on lifted-off Au-containing regions on PDMS samples. Complementary sequences were fluorescently labeled, enabling indirect visualization of patterned Au monolayers. Only

Strategy to discover full-length amyloid-beta peptide ligands using high-efficiency microarray technology

• Clelia Galati,
• Natalia Spinella,
• Lucio Renna,
• Danilo Milardi,
• Francesco Attanasio,
• Michele Francesco Maria Sciacca and
• Corrado Bongiorno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2446–2453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.243

• ribbon aggregates are clearly visible. Propensity of the epoxysilane HESs to immobilize peptides Silanization has been widely-used as a strategy to prepare optimal protein or DNA microarrays [25][26][40], the epoxide groups may bind peptide molecules through the reaction with the basic amino acid

Increasing the stability of DNA nanostructure templates by atomic layer deposition of Al₂O₃ and its application in imprinting lithography

• Hyojeong Kim,
• Kristin Arbutina,
• Anqin Xu and
• Haitao Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2363–2375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.236

• Hyojeong Kim Kristin Arbutina Anqin Xu Haitao Liu Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States of America 10.3762/bjnano.8.236 Abstract We present a method to increase the stability of DNA nanostructure templates through

• conformal coating with a nanometer-thin protective inorganic oxide layer created using atomic layer deposition (ALD). DNA nanotubes and origami triangles were coated with ca. 2 nm to ca. 20 nm of Al2O3. Nanoscale features of the DNA nanostructures were preserved after the ALD coating and the patterns are

• resistive to UV/O3 oxidation. The ALD-coated DNA templates were used for a direct pattern transfer to poly(L-lactic acid) films. Keywords: aluminium oxide (Al2O3); atomic layer deposition; DNA nanostructure; nanofabrication; nanoimprint lithography; pattern transfer; polymer stamp; replica molding

Photobleaching of YOYO-1 in super-resolution single DNA fluorescence imaging

• Joseph R. Pyle and
• Jixin Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2296–2306, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.229

• Joseph R. Pyle Jixin Chen Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA 10.3762/bjnano.8.229 Abstract Super-resolution imaging of single DNA molecules via point accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography (PAINT

• ) has great potential to visualize fine DNA structures with nanometer resolution. In a typical PAINT video acquisition, dye molecules (YOYO-1) in solution sparsely bind to the target surfaces (DNA) whose locations can be mathematically determined by fitting their fluorescent point spread function. Many

• YOYO-1 molecules intercalate into DNA and remain there during imaging, and most of them have to be temporarily or permanently fluorescently bleached, often stochastically, to allow for the visualization of a few fluorescent events per DNA per frame of the video. Thus, controlling the fluorescence on

Fabrication of gold-coated PDMS surfaces with arrayed triangular micro/nanopyramids for use as SERS substrates

• Jingran Zhang,
• Yongda Yan,
• Peng Miao and
• Jianxiong Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2271–2282, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.227

• approaches. They produced arrays of tipless pyramids using an optical UV curing method. Lee et al. [24] used anodic aluminum oxide as a template for transferring patterns onto the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate surfaces using a dry etching method. In this work, the detection of DNA molecules showed a

Evaluating the toxicity of TiO₂-based nanoparticles to Chinese hamster ovary cells and Escherichia coli: a complementary experimental and computational approach

• Alicja Mikolajczyk,
• Natalia Sizochenko,
• Ewa Mulkiewicz,
• Anna Malankowska,
• Michal Nischk,
• Przemyslaw Jurczak,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Grzegorz Nowaczyk,
• Adriana Zaleska-Medynska,
• Jerzy Leszczynski,
• Agnieszka Gajewicz and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2171–2180, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.216

• +, Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Fe3+) and that the cytotoxicity of metals to human gingival fibroblast (HGF) decreases in the following order: (most toxic) AgCl > CuCl2 > CuCl, CoCl2 > NiCl2 > FeCl2, FeCl3 (least toxic). In addition, they have demonstrated that Ag+ ions can induce internucleosomal DNA fragmentation

Optical techniques for cervical neoplasia detection

• Tatiana Novikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1844–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.186

• , rise to the epithelium surface with the mature squamous cells. The virus infection gradually induces severe damage. HPV-infected cells may become malignant if the virus inserts its cancer-causing genes into the DNA of the host cell. The staging of the disease is based on morphological criteria and

• colposcopically abnormal and normal sites. Before microendoscopic imaging a topical solution of proflavin (fluorescent DNA label that stains the nuclei and makes them appear brighter than the cytoplasm of the cell) was applied to the cervix. In pilot studies involving 59 women the HRME images were obtained from

Self-assembly of chiral fluorescent nanoparticles based on water-soluble L-tryptophan derivatives of p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene

• Pavel L. Padnya,
• Irina A. Khripunova,
• Olga A. Mostovaya,
• Timur A. Mukhametzyanov,
• Vladimir G. Evtugyn,
• Vyacheslav V. Vorobev,
• Yuri N. Osin and
• Ivan I. Stoikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1825–1835, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.184

• -tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene in cone conformation capable of recognizing peptides [35]. Similar compounds in cone and 1,3-alternate conformations containing peptide fragments as substituents were able to form complexes with DNA [36]. In both cases, solubility in water was achieved by introducing

Uptake and intracellular accumulation of diamond nanoparticles – a metabolic and cytotoxic study

• Antonín Brož,
• Lucie Bačáková,
• Pavla Štenclová,
• Alexander Kromka and
• Štěpán Potocký

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1649–1657, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.165

• impaired the radio-resistance of cancer cells and potentiated radiation-caused DNA damage and the generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species [47]. Thus, the positive charge of our as-received DNDs could, at least partly, explain their more pronounced cytotoxic effect than that observed in negatively

A biofunctionalizable ink platform composed of catechol-modified chitosan and reduced graphene oxide/platinum nanocomposite

• Peter Sobolewski,
• Agata Goszczyńska,
• Małgorzata Aleksandrzak,
• Karolina Urbaś,
• Joanna Derkowska,
• Agnieszka Bartoszewska,
• Jacek Podolski,
• Ewa Mijowska and
• Mirosława El Fray

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1508–1514, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.151

• microplotter (Sonoplot GIX Microplotter Desktop). As a proof of concept, printed patterns were biofunctionalized with DNA oligonucleotide probes for Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B streptococcus) using glutaraldehyde as a linker. Confocal microscopy revealed the successful hybridization of complementary

• , the printed nanocomposite has ample functional groups to chemically conjugate various biorecognition elements and resists the wash steps inherent in biosensing applications. As a proof of concept, we biofunctionalize printed patterns with DNA oligonucleotide probes for Streptococcus agalactiae (Group

• feature that enables the selective detection of the target biomolecules. Our ink platform is designed to be modular; various possible biorecognition elements can be conjugated to the remaining amine groups of the catechol-modified chitosan, such as enzymes, antibodies, DNA probes, or aptamers. As a proof

A nanocomplex of C₆₀ fullerene with cisplatin: design, characterization and toxicity

• Svitlana Prylutska,
• Svitlana Politenkova,
• Kateryna Afanasieva,
• Volodymyr Korolovych,
• Kateryna Bogutska,
• Andriy Sivolob,
• Larysa Skivka,
• Maxim Evstigneev,
• Viktor Kostjukov,
• Yuriy Prylutskyy and
• Uwe Ritter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1494–1501, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.149

• . The results clearly demonstrate that water-soluble C60 fullerene nanoparticles (0.1 mg/mL) do not induce DNA strand breaks in normal and transformed cells. C60 fullerene in the mixture with Cis does not influence genotoxic Cis activity in vitro, affects the cell-death mode in treated resting human

• action and binds covalently to DNA. In tumor cells Cis induces the selective inhibition of DNA synthesis and replication [2]. However, the action of Cis is accompanied by side effects that limit the use of Cis in anticancer chemotherapy. Сіs-induced nephro-, hepato- and cardiotoxicity, as well as

• Bacillus subtilis Rec-assay and umu test, up to concentrations of 0.048 mg/L and 0.43 mg/L, respectively. In [29], bulky DNA adducts could not be found by 32P-postlabeling/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis assay, suggesting that an aqueous suspension of C60 fullerenes has the potential to damage DNA. By

Development of polycationic amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticles for anticancer drug delivery

• Gamze Varan,
• Juan M. Benito,
• Carmen Ortiz Mellet and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1457–1468, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.145

• used for gene delivery studies due to net positive surface charge, facilitating the condensation of negatively charged DNA to form polyplexes [40][41]. In addition, CS-6OCaproβCD nanoparticles are also positively charged due to coating with cationic polymer. It is known that chitosan is a natural

Cationic PEGylated polycaprolactone nanoparticles carrying post-operation docetaxel for glioma treatment

• Cem Varan and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1446–1456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.144

• sustained release of the model drug epidoxorubicin as carriers of pEGFP DNA complexes. The results demonstrated that co-delivery of drug and gene could be performed and strong inhibition effects on glioblastoma can be achieved with their system [25]. Additionally, magnetic core–shell nanoparticles have been

• particles (which have neutral or near-neutral surface charge) are more prone to escape from the MPS. Cationic nanoparticles can also condense nucleic acid (DNA, RNA) or proteins to form polyplexes for intracellular gene/drug delivery. In this context, chitosan (CS) is used as a positively charged coating

Micro- and nano-surface structures based on vapor-deposited polymers

• Hsien-Yeh Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1366–1374, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.138

• technologies for vapor-based coatings largely depend on adaptation from these lithographical approaches (Figure 1). A DNA array was fabricated in a photolithographical liftoff process on a vapor-deposited (chemical vapor deposition, CVD) poly-p-xylylene surface, and the resulting array surface showed excellent

• nanostamping (SuNS) [26] technology on another vapor-deposited poly(4-formyl-p-xylylene-co-p-xylylene) coating surface, and patterns of DNA molecules were resolved with sizes down to 100 nm. The combination of SuNS with the vapor deposition process enables the extension of the nanopatterning protocols to a

Carbon nanomaterials sensitize prostate cancer cells to docetaxel and mitomycin C via induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation

• Kati Erdmann,
• Jessica Ringel,
• Silke Hampel,
• Manfred P. Wirth and
• Susanne Fuessel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1307–1317, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.132

• cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis via DNA crosslinking. The present study investigated the influence of CNFs and CNTs co-exposed with DTX and MMC on cellular function of PCa cells in comparison to the individual effects. Results Effect on cellular viability First, the influence of carbon nanomaterials