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Search for "cell viability" in Full Text gives 169 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.
Predicting cytotoxicity of PAMAM dendrimers using molecular descriptors
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1886–1896, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.192
- materials with expected low levels of toxicity. Cytotoxicity can be determined by a gamut of in vitro toxicity assays focusing on a number of cellular parameters including cell viability, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and inflammatory response [9]. In this paper, we focus on the cell viability to
- here, it was observed that the properties regarding charge, size, and concentration of the PAMAM dendrimers are the most important properties in the prediction of cytotoxicity and cell viability of Caco-2 cells treated with PAMAM dendrimers. To the authors’ knowledge, these results are the first
- Scopus and PubMedCentral using the search terms “PAMAM dendrimers AND cytotoxicity AND Caco-2 cells”. In order for the PAMAM dendrimer cytotoxicity values to be considered relevant for extraction, both cell viability and treatment concentration information had to be available in the publication. From
Synthesis, characterization and in vitro biocompatibility study of Au/TMC/Fe3O4 nanocomposites as a promising, nontoxic system for biomedical applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1677–1689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.170
- various fields of application, especially the biomedical sciences and biosensors. Keywords: Au/polymer/Fe3O4 nanocomposites; Au nanoparticles; cell viability; magnetic nanoparticles; N-trimethyl chitosan; Introduction Nanotechnology is the science of the fabrication of novel materials, devices and
- -containing nanocomposites is more than that of polymer/Fe3O4 nanoparticles, which is likely due to the relatively heavy weight of Au nanoparticles. Cell viability assay One of the most important factors for employing nanomaterials in biomedical applications is related to their safety and biocompatibility
- viability were assessed using the MTT assay. The assay was based on the reduction of the dye MTT to formazan crystals (an insoluble, intracellular, blue product) by cellular dehydrogenases. The MTT results demonstrated that no significant decrease in cell viability occurred in presence of different
The eNanoMapper database for nanomaterial safety information
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1609–1634, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.165
- proposed to extend the list of endpoints for hazard identification to include cell uptake, cell viability, oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, immunotoxicity, cardiovascular toxicity, ventilation rate, gill pathologies, mucus secretion and brain pathology. The EU guidance document lists the main
- experimental data are assigned to a substance (e.g., nanoparticle) and a JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) representation of the data can be retrieved through a “/substance/{uuid}/study” API call. As an example, in Figure 4, we present an excerpt from the JSON serialisation of a cell viability assay for the
- average, though this is not always specified), a minimum and maximum value, or a single value and a standard deviation. Biological measurements are linked to assays (such as cytotoxicity, cell growth, cell viability, genotoxicity, and oxidative stress), endpoints measured on that assay (e.g., ROS
Using natural language processing techniques to inform research on nanotechnology
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1439–1449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.149
- the numeric values and dendrimer property terms. The entities associated with PAMAM were based on the NanoParticle Ontology and included: (1) hydrodynamic diameter, (2) particle diameter, (3) molecular weight, (4) zeta potential, (5) cytotoxicity, (6) IC50, (7) cell viability, (8) encapsulation
Synthesis, characterization and in vitro effects of 7 nm alloyed silver–gold nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1212–1220, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.124
- with a molar silver composition of 60% or higher affected the cell viability. After 24 h, this trend was observed more clearly. For HeLa cells, toxic effects began to emerge for nanoparticles with a silver content >30 mol % and also at a metal concentration of 50 µg mL−1. Discussion The synthesis
- , determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The cell viability was analyzed by the MTT assay. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT; Sigma, Taufkirchen, Germany) was dissolved in PBS (5 mg mL−1) and then diluted to 1 mg mL−1 in the cell culture medium. After incubation, the
- nanoparticles as well as for pure Ag and Au nanoparticles. The given errors represent standard deviations. Experimental molar composition of the Ag/Au nanoparticles as measured by AAS. Calculated nanoparticle (NP) concentration for cell viability experiments. Acknowledgements We thank the Deutsche
Tattoo ink nanoparticles in skin tissue and fibroblasts
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1183–1191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.120
- culture fibroblasts in diluted tattoo ink to explore both the immediate impact of ink pigment on cell viability and also to observe the interaction between particles and the cells. Keywords: atomic force microscopy (AFM); dermis; nanoparticles; skin; tattoo ink; Introduction The act of tattooing has
- . Further, we also investigate the cell viability of dermal fibroblasts after incubation with filtered/unfiltered diluted tattoo ink and discuss these results in the context of nanoparticle research. Results and Discussion Tattoo ink particle size distribution Following three repeats of the particle size
- assay for cytotoxicity assessment was carried out on fibroblasts exposed to two different diluted tattoo inks, which showed both cell death and inhibition of pro-collagen synthesis [37]. As that study was not carried out on skin fibroblasts it was decided to run a similar cell viability test using human
Influence of gold, silver and gold–silver alloy nanoparticles on germ cell function and embryo development
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 651–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.66
- can be expected to be toxic under consideration of particle characteristics obtained under relevant biological conditions. Additionally, nanoparticle toxicity should not only be asssessed considering cell viability but also concerning functional aspects. To this purpose the investigation of
Novel ZnO:Ag nanocomposites induce significant oxidative stress in human fibroblast malignant melanoma (Ht144) cells
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 570–582, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.59
- possible ROS induced by the nanocomposites, a set of ROS scavengers, namely mannitol, NaN3 and DMSO were used to study their inhibitory effect on NPs induced ROS formation (Figure 7). The HO• scavenger mannitol improved cell viability by 10 to 30% in NP treated, light exposed samples, corroborating the
- involvement of HO•. The 1O2 scavenger NaN3 had a much stronger effect on cell viability and improved it by 30 to 50% in NP treated, light exposed samples, indicating 1O2 as major ROS species. DMSO addition had only a slight effect on rescuing the cells. These results demonstrate the involvement of 1O2 and HO
Silica micro/nanospheres for theranostics: from bimodal MRI and fluorescent imaging probes to cancer therapy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 546–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.57
- biocompatibility of these NPs was investigated by standard MTT cell proliferation assay. Studies suggested that the cell viability was maintained at 83% even after a high dose of 500 µg·mL−1 of the nanocomposites. To check the applicability of these nanocomposites as fluorescence imaging agents, Gastric SGC7901
- showed higher viability (ca. 90%) compared to the fibroblasts cells (ca. 80%). Further, in case of the pancreatic islets (PIs) the cell viability was found to be more than 87%. Similarly, van Schooneveld et al. [18] reported a procedure for the synthesis of a trimodal contrast agent composed of gold
- the synthesized nanocomposites exhibited a signal enhancement in the T1-weighted MRI images with increasing Mn concentration. The in vitro studies performed on HeLa cells suggested cell viability of more than 80% even at a Mn concentration of 50 mg·mL−1. The combination of results obtained from flow
Pulmonary surfactant augments cytotoxicity of silica nanoparticles: Studies on an in vitro air–blood barrier model
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 517–528, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.54
- ® in the well was 0.04 mg/mL. Cytotoxicity, determination of cell viability: The viability of the cells was determined as described in our previous studies [9][10][11] using the CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay (MTS, Promega, G3582). After nanoparticle incubation, medium was
- differences occurred for aSNP–plain at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. Cell viability decreased significantly after addition of 0.04 mg/mL Alveofact® to the well at an aSNP–plain concentration of 100 µg/mL (without Alveofact®: 77.9 ± 6.7% of uc; with Alveofact®: 53 ± 10%). This result is further corroborated by
- the cell viability assay (crystal violet, without Alveofact®: 80 ± 16% of uc; with Alveofact®: 34 ± 14%)) and LDH assay (without Alveofact®: 39 ± 21% of lysis control; with Alveofact®: 95 ± 9%)). The combination of Alveofact® with the aSNP–NH2 at a concentration of 100 µg/mL also caused a
Hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells: polymeric nanoparticle uptake and lineage differentiation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 383–395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.38
- (Fluka, Buchs, Switzerland) in a humidified incubator with 5% CO2 at 37 °C. For particle uptake and cell viability experiments, cells were seeded at a density of 10,000 cells/cm2 in 6-well plates (Greiner Bio, Frickenhausen, Germany). After adherence, the cells were incubated with 300 µg/mL nanoparticles
- for 24 h and analyzed by flow cytometry. Flow cytometry Particle uptake, cell viability, and CD marker staining were measured with a flow cytometer (FACS Canto II, BD, Heidelberg, Germany). The cells were washed with phosphate buffered saline without calcium (PBS−, Invitrogen) and incubated with 28.6
Comparative evaluation of the impact on endothelial cells induced by different nanoparticle structures and functionalization
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 300–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.28
- field of nanoparticles, many studies demonstrated a high impact of the shape, size and surface charge, which is determined by the functionalization, of nanoparticles on cell viability and internalization into cells. This work focused on the comparison of three different nanoparticle types to give a
- endothelial cells were found for nanoparticles with an elongated shape in comparison to spherical ones. Furthermore, a positively charged nanoparticle surface (NH2, CyA) leads to the strongest reduction in cell viability, whereas neutral and negatively charged nanoparticles are highly biocompatible to
- nanoparticles on endothelial cells. Our findings will help to design new nanoparticles with optimized properties concerning biocompatibility and uptake behavior with respect to the respective intended application. Keywords: cell viability; gold nanoparticles; internalization; Janus particles; quantum dots
The effect of surface charge on nonspecific uptake and cytotoxicity of CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 281–292, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.26
- membrane permeability assays. We demonstrate that these methods, however, can overlook other more subtle impacts on cell viability and metabolism caused by binding of QDs to cellular compartments, without release of Cd2+ ions. In the present study, we use a noninvasive and label-free impedance setup to
Oxygen-plasma-modified biomimetic nanofibrous scaffolds for enhanced compatibility of cardiovascular implants
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 254–262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.24
- performed to study the resistance of the plasma-treated scaffolds to plastic deformation. Lastly, the cell studies indicated that all scaffolds were cytocompatible, with the plasma-treated ones expressing a more pronounced cell viability and adhesion. All the above findings demonstrate the great potential
- scaffolds. Cell viability assay MTT cell viability assay was performed to the unmodified along with the plasma-treated (P = 20 W) scaffold, in order to evaluate the effect of the surface modification on the cellular performance of the fabricated samples in terms of cell viability. The cells used in the
- the fabricated systems were found to be cytocompatible after a period of seven days and exhibited cell viability levels similar to those of the control group. An enhancement in the cell viability (ca. 10%) can be observed in the case of the treated PCL scaffolds after seven days. The improved cellular
Release behaviour and toxicity evaluation of levodopa from carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 243–253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.23
- to investigate their possible effects on normal neuronal cells in vitro. It was found that the synthesized nanohybrid did not compromise the cell viability and the PC12 cells remained stable throughout the experiments up to 72 h after treatment. Keywords: carboxylic acid-functionalized single-walled
- widely believed that the main contributor which induces PD is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, and thus, it is crucial to establish a preliminary understanding of the effect of CNTs action on neuronal cells. As shown in Figure 7A, we observed a reduction in PC12 cell viability after treatment
- with the free drug (LD) in a dose- and time-dependent manner at concentrations of 0 μg mL−1 (control) to 50 μg mL−1. The LD compound demonstrates a sustained decrease in cell viability with increasing concentration at each time point. This observation is comparable with the results published by
Mechanical properties of MDCK II cells exposed to gold nanorods
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 223–231, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.21
- /bjnano.6.21 Abstract Background: The impact of gold nanoparticles on cell viability has been extensively studied in the past. Size, shape and surface functionalization including opsonization of gold particles ranging from a few nanometers to hundreds of nanometers are among the most crucial parameters
- (DNA, proteins, antibodies) with functional groups using self-assembly techniques relying on gold–thiol interaction. Since these NPs are engineered to interact with living cells it is essential to prove if there is no adverse impact on cell viability [5][10]. Prerequisite for successful medical
- applications is the design of biocompatible NPs that do not impair with cell viability, proliferation, and adhesion. Therefore assessing the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles is pivotal for nanoparticle research in general [11]. In vitro nanocytotoxicity studies are therefore necessary to minimize possible risks
Caveolin-1 and CDC42 mediated endocytosis of silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles in HeLa cells
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 167–176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.16
- numbers were observed, which confirmed no severe impact of the treatment on cell viability within the observation period. Quantitative iron analysis For quantitative determination of iron, which was taken up by cells and not attached to the plastic surface or to the outer cell membrane, cells were washed
Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes and their applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 84–102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.9
- , 100 µg/mL of GC–BNNTs significantly decreased the cell viability. It was also found that the ROS production was not significant [74]. The hemolytic and cytotoxic effects of pure BNNTs on the malignant U87 (wild type p53), T98 (mutant p53) glioblastoma, MCF-7 adenocarcinoma mammary gland cells and
- related to the cell type and the ability to perform endocytosis [77]. The morphology and viability of the GC–BNNTs-exposed HUVECs cells were also investigated [71]. The cells were incubated at increasing concentrations of GC–BNNTs for 48 and 72 h. The cell morphology and cell viability by amido black
- for such an improvement was attributed to the formation of BNNT bridges among the polymeric structures. Figure 7 shows such structures as marked in red. When the osteoblast cell viability was evaluated with respect to the BNNT–PLC composite, and compared only to PLC, an increased cell viability was
Mammalian cell growth on gold nanoparticle-decorated substrates is influenced by the nanoparticle coating
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2479–2488, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.257
- , cell adherence alone was not an adequate marker of cell viability, because due to the complexation properties of CTAB, the outer cell structure might have been fixed by the surfactant, which preserved the shape, while proliferation was prohibited. In order to have a reliable measure on viability, a
Proinflammatory and cytotoxic response to nanoparticles in precision-cut lung slices
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2440–2449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.253
- polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated Ag-NPs under submerged culture conditions in vitro. ZnO-NPs (NM110) served as ‘soluble’ and quartz particles (Min-U-Sil) as ‘non-soluble’ control particles. After 4 and 24 h, the cell viability and the release of proinflammatory cytokines was measured. In addition, multiphoton
- microscopy was employed to assess the localization of Ag-NPs in PCLS after 24 h of incubation. Exposure of PCLS to ZnO-NPs for 4 and 24 h resulted in a strong decrease in cell viability, while quartz particles had no cytotoxic effect. Moreover, only a slight cytotoxic response was detected by LDH release
- staining, and WST-1 assay. As LDH is present in the cytoplasm of cells, detection of LDH in the culture medium of PCLS indicates a loss of cell membrane integrity. Therefore, LDH release is a direct measure of a cytotoxic response or an indirect measure of cell viability. As displayed in Figure 1, the LDH
Functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles as a platform for studying bio–nano interactions
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2403–2412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.250
- treatment with positively charged PS-NH2 particles (Figure 3). We have previously shown that neither PS-COOH nor PS-NH2 polystyrene nanoparticles affect cell viability when added to cells only for one day [43]. In addition, PS-COOH particles exhibit no toxic effect on macrophages, THP-1 or differentiated
- stained with acridine orange (AO) and analyzed by flow cytometry. M1 gating was used to assess the number of AOlow cells with leaky lysosomes. (B) Analysis of cell viability. Cells were treated as in (A) and analyzed by XTT assay. Results are mean ± SEM, n = 3, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. Acknowledgements
Nanoparticle interactions with live cells: Quantitative fluorescence microscopy of nanoparticle size effects
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2388–2397, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.248
- cells [20]. Typically, live cells are immersed in a medium supplemented with blood serum to ensure cell viability. NPs in the medium form a biomolecular adsorption layer that depends on the composition of the medium. Therefore, the outcome of these experiments strongly depends on the choice of medium
Interaction of dermatologically relevant nanoparticles with skin cells and skin
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2363–2373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.245
- cellular uptake, including optical microscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray microscopy on cells and tissue sections, flow cytometry of isolated skin cells as well as Raman microscopy on whole tissue blocks. In order to assess the biological relevance of such findings, cell viability and free radical
- influence of AgNP exposure on cell viability, we investigated the influence of AgNP on cell metabolism in HaCaT cells by the XTT assay based on 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2H-tetrazolium hydroxid (Figure 4a). Interestingly, the XTT signal increased in cells incubated
- with low concentrations of Ag (<20 µg/mL) but it decreased for cells incubated with 40 µg/mL. When the serum concentration in the cell culture media was reduced below the required amount of 9%, all concentrations of AgNP induced a reduction in cell viability. This finding is relevant with regard to
Coating with luminal gut-constituents alters adherence of nanoparticles to intestinal epithelial cells
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2308–2315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.239
- and to the environment have been of interest for some time [3][4][5]. Also, numerous in vitro, less in vivo studies and some case reports described adverse effects caused by NPs on cell viability, protein functions and DNA stability as well as other cell and tissue impairments [6][7][8][9][10]. In the
- , the transwell filters were embedded in Mowiol-Dabco (10% (w/w) Mowiol 4-88, 25% (w/w) glycerol, 2.5% (w/w) 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, 0.1 M Tris-HCl, pH 8.5) on object slides. In all binding studies, cell viability was assessed by microscopical inspection of cell morphology after every incubation
Effect of silver nanoparticles on human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2058–2069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.214
- in hMSCs at an early time-point (day 10) after osteogenic induction in the presence of Ag-NP [49]. The authors found no differences with respect to control cells without Ag-NP exposure, although a decrease in cell viability was also observed at Ag-NP concentrations ≥10 μg·mL−1. Pauksch et al
- were compared with cells cultured without differentiation medium in the presence of RPMI/10% FCS and Ag-NP/Ag+ ions and with cells incubated without Ag-NPs/ Ag+ ions in the presence of the differentiation medium alone (100% differentiation). Measurement of cell viability The viability of the incubated
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