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Search for "cytotoxicity" in Full Text gives 195 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.

Calcium fluoride based multifunctional nanoparticles for multimodal imaging

  • Marion Straßer,
  • Joachim H. X. Schrauth,
  • Sofia Dembski,
  • Daniel Haddad,
  • Bernd Ahrens,
  • Stefan Schweizer,
  • Bastian Christ,
  • Alevtina Cubukova,
  • Marco Metzger,
  • Heike Walles,
  • Peter M. Jakob and
  • Gerhard Sextl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1484–1493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.148

Graphical Abstract
  • synthesis and determine the long-term stability of the CAs. No cytotoxicity of NP concentrations between 0.5 and 1 mg·mL−1 was observed after exposure to human dermal fibroblasts over 24 h. Overall this study shows, that the CaF2:(Tb3+,Gd3+) NPs are suitable for medical imaging. Keywords: calcium fluoride
  • cytotoxicity of the NPs was tested by a cell culture based viability assay. Results and Discussion Synthesis and characterization of the multifunctional nanoparticles The synthesis of the CaF2:(Tb3+,Gd3+) NPs was carried out in analogy to the reported wet-chemical procedure that is based on a co-precipitation
  • cells with the NP dispersions (cf. Figure 7b). NP concentrations of 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 mg·mL−1 yield cell viabilities of more than 80% with respect to the positive control. Thus in this concentration range no cytotoxicity of CaF2:(Tb3+,Gd3+) NPs is observed on hdF. Conclusion In summary, we have
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Published 18 Jul 2017

Development of polycationic amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticles for anticancer drug delivery

  • Gamze Varan,
  • Juan M. Benito,
  • Carmen Ortiz Mellet and
  • Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1457–1468, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.145

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  • capacity, in vitro release profiles and cytotoxicity studies. Results: Paclitaxel-loaded cyclodextrin nanoparticles were obtained in the diameter range of 80−125 nm (depending on the nature of the cyclodextrin derivative) where the smallest diameter nanoparticles were obtained with polycationic (PC) βCDC6
  • presence of PF68 in CD nanoparticle formulations on cytotoxicity on L929, a healthy mouse fibroblast cell line. According to these results, it was suggested that PF68 has no significant effect on size and drug loading capacity of nanoparticles but dose-dependent toxicity could occur on L929 fibroblast
  • and MCF-7 human breast cancer cell lines were used, respectively. Both cell lines were grown and incubated in appropriate conditions (see Experimental section for full experimental details). The cytotoxicity of blank amphiphilic CD nanoparticles was determined on L929 mouse fibroblast cells with MTT
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Published 13 Jul 2017

Cationic PEGylated polycaprolactone nanoparticles carrying post-operation docetaxel for glioma treatment

  • Cem Varan and
  • Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1446–1456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.144

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  • particles, and the drug release rate from the nanoparticles was slowed down to 48 h by dispersing the nanoparticles in a hydroxypropyl cellulose film. Cell culture studies revealed that docetaxel-loaded nanoparticles cause higher cytotoxicity compared to the free docetaxel solution in DMSO. Conclusion
  • recurrence during the first 2 days. Cell culture studies Cytotoxicity assay for blank nanoparticles Mouse fibroblast cell lines L929 (recommended by the USP for the cytotoxicity evaluation of polymeric systems) were used to determine the cytotoxicity of blank nanoparticles with MTT assay. According to MTT
  • after surgical operation of glioma treatment. All formulations were characterized in terms of mean particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, drug loading capacity, drug release profile and cytotoxicity. When nanoparticle formulations are compared with each other, mePEG-PCL nanoparticles have
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Published 12 Jul 2017

Nano-engineered skin mesenchymal stem cells: potential vehicles for tumour-targeted quantum-dot delivery

  • Liga Saulite,
  • Dominyka Dapkute,
  • Karlis Pleiko,
  • Ineta Popena,
  • Simona Steponkiene,
  • Ricardas Rotomskis and
  • Una Riekstina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1218–1230, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.123

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  • MSCs to assess their potential use as vectors for the targeting of SC or other tumours. Results Optimal QD labelling conditions for MSCs The concentration-dependent cytotoxicity of QDs was analysed in MSC cultures after 24 and 48 h using a colorimetric CCK-8 assay, which measures intracellular
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Published 07 Jun 2017

Silicon microgrooves for contact guidance of human aortic endothelial cells

  • Sara Fernández-Castillejo,
  • Pilar Formentín,
  • Úrsula Catalán,
  • Josep Pallarès,
  • Lluís F. Marsal and
  • Rosa Solà

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 675–681, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.72

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  • cell adhesion and surface stability following the 3-amimoptopyl triethoxylane (APTES)–glutaraldehyde (GTA)–collagen sequence as described in Experimental section. Cytotoxicity of silicon substrates Cytotoxicity was assessed by measuring LDH activity 24 h, 2 days, 3 days, 6 days and 7 days (D1–D7) after
  • incubating the silicon substrates with human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Blank control values (cells seeded in the absence of any silicon substrates) were set at 100% and the other conditions were calculated in relation to this reference value. As shown in Figure 3, no cytotoxicity was observed as no
  • , Spain) with an atmosphere containing 5% CO2. Cell viability and cytotoxicity Cell viability was assessed by morphology using phase-contrast microscopy and by trypan blue dye exclusion test (Merck). Viability 97% was required for the thawed HAECs in order to guarantee the viability of the cells before
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Published 22 Mar 2017

Dispersion of single-wall carbon nanotubes with supramolecular Congo red – properties of the complexes and mechanism of the interaction

  • Anna Jagusiak,
  • Barbara Piekarska,
  • Tomasz Pańczyk,
  • Małgorzata Jemioła-Rzemińska,
  • Elżbieta Bielańska,
  • Barbara Stopa,
  • Grzegorz Zemanek,
  • Janina Rybarska,
  • Irena Roterman and
  • Leszek Konieczny

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 636–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.68

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  • amphiphilic molecules that cover the hydrophobic CNT surface with hydrophilic groups [15]. Functionalization leads not only to the increased water dispersibility of CNTs but also improves their biocompatibility due to enhanced penetration through biological membranes and reduced cytotoxicity [16][17
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Published 16 Mar 2017

Facile fabrication of luminescent organic dots by thermolysis of citric acid in urea melt, and their use for cell staining and polyelectrolyte microcapsule labelling

  • Nadezhda M. Zholobak,
  • Anton L. Popov,
  • Alexander B. Shcherbakov,
  • Nelly R. Popova,
  • Mykhailo M. Guzyk,
  • Valeriy P. Antonovich,
  • Alla V. Yegorova,
  • Yuliya V. Scrypynets,
  • Inna I. Leonenko,
  • Alexander Ye. Baranchikov and
  • Vladimir K. Ivanov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1905–1917, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.182

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  • details, see Supporting Information File 1, Table S1 and Table S2). It is demonstrated that a mixture of citric acid and urea, without heating (“0 min” sample), possessed some cytotoxicity. At concentrations greater than ca. 300 μg/mL, this sample decreased the number of living ST-cells. The enzymatic
  • 100 μg/mL [50]. “Green” carbon dots from coriander leaves extract became toxic for normal lung cells (L-132) or cancer cell line (A549) at concentrations higher than 500 μg/mL [51], the cancer cells being somewhat more sensitive. Microcapsules decorated by O-dots had a very low cytotoxicity
  • gentamicin (Arterium, Ukraine), at a concentration of 40 μg/mL. Cultures formed a uniform monolayer of cells. Oxidative stress was induced by introducing into the cellular medium 3% hydrogen peroxide solution, at a final concentration of 8 μg/mL, in a well. The cytotoxicity of microcapsules was studied using
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Published 02 Dec 2016

Low temperature co-fired ceramic packaging of CMOS capacitive sensor chip towards cell viability monitoring

  • Niina Halonen,
  • Joni Kilpijärvi,
  • Maciej Sobocinski,
  • Timir Datta-Chaudhuri,
  • Antti Hassinen,
  • Someshekar B. Prakash,
  • Peter Möller,
  • Pamela Abshire,
  • Sakari Kellokumpu and
  • Anita Lloyd Spetz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1871–1877, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.179

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  • effective methods for evaluating cytotoxicity, both short and long term. Traditional in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation methods include cell cultivation and label-based assay kits, which are often expensive and time-consuming end-point measurements. Furthermore, the labelling techniques used for cell
  • spectroscopy [1], electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance measurements [2], optical sensing [3], impedimetric sensing [4][5][6], and capacitive sensing [7][8][9][10][11]. The lab-on-a-chip (LoC) concept is an excellent way to implement label-free, noninvasive, cost-effective cytotoxicity assessment. LoCs
  • capacitance sensing and the intention is to develop a method for nanoparticle exposure of cells to establish cytotoxicity assessment of nanomaterials. Capacitance measurements reflect the surface attachment of adherent cells. While healthy cells attach to the cultivation surface and spread out, dying cells
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Published 29 Nov 2016

Chitosan-based nanoparticles for improved anticancer efficacy and bioavailability of mifepristone

  • Huijuan Zhang,
  • Fuqiang Wu,
  • Yazhen Li,
  • Xiping Yang,
  • Jiamei Huang,
  • Tingting Lv,
  • Yingying Zhang,
  • Jianzhong Chen,
  • Haijun Chen,
  • Yu Gao,
  • Guannan Liu and
  • Lee Jia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1861–1870, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.178

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  • crosslinking agent for controlled drug release of CNs. In vitro anticancer effects The cytotoxicity of the MCNs was tested in four different cancer cell lines A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma), Hela (human cervical epithelioid carcinoma), RL95-2 (human endometrial carcinoma), and HepG2 (human liver
  • containing MCNs immersed in 0.1 M PBS (pH 7.4) or 0.1 M PBS (pH 2.5) containing 1% of ethanol. In vitro cytotoxicity of CNs, MIF and MCNs against A549 (A), Hela (B), RL95-2 (C), and HepG2 cells (D). Cells were incubated with different concentrations (1, 10, 50, 100, 200 μg/mL) of blank CNs, free MIF, or MCNs
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Published 28 Nov 2016

Nano- and microstructured materials for in vitro studies of the physiology of vascular cells

  • Alexandra M. Greiner,
  • Adria Sales,
  • Hao Chen,
  • Sarah A. Biela,
  • Dieter Kaufmann and
  • Ralf Kemkemer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1620–1641, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.155

Graphical Abstract
  • geometry. Moreover, their non-cytotoxicity, their ease to use with many fabrication techniques and often the simplicity of their synthesis makes them to be widely used within the field of biomaterials [4][5][55][85][99][100][101][102]. Examples of the most representative synthetic polymeric materials used
  • staining is the most used assay to determine cell survival on a particular substrate and hence the cytotoxicity of a material is assessed [14][209]. Besides this live/dead cell investigation, biochemical proliferation assays, such as EdU or BrdU staining, are frequently applied to determine the cell
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Published 08 Nov 2016

On the pathway of cellular uptake: new insight into the interaction between the cell membrane and very small nanoparticles

  • Claudia Messerschmidt,
  • Daniel Hofmann,
  • Anja Kroeger,
  • Katharina Landfester,
  • Volker Mailänder and
  • Ingo Lieberwirth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1296–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.121

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  • : ATP depletion; calcium crystallization; cytotoxicity; endocytosis; HeLa cells; LDH; mesenchymal stem cells; morphology; necrosis; particle size; silica nanoparticles; TEM; Introduction Silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiNPs) are used in a wide range of commercially available products to improve product
  • have been reported in humans, general risk assessment and thereby the investigation of possible interactions of SiNPs with human cells and tissues is of crucial importance. A deeper understanding of SiNP uptake modes into cells may lead us one step further in grasping nanoparticle cytotoxicity and in
  • indicative for the disintegration of the cell membrane and consequently for cytotoxicity. For quantitative estimation of the toxic potential HeLa cells were incubated with NPs for 2 h at different concentrations followed by determination of the LDH release (Figure 6). SiNP-22 induces only a moderate increase
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Published 16 Sep 2016

Straightforward and robust synthesis of monodisperse surface-functionalized gold nanoclusters

  • Silvia Varela-Aramburu,
  • Richard Wirth,
  • Chian-Hui Lai,
  • Guillermo Orts-Gil and
  • Peter H. Seeberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1278–1283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.118

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  • ). Unfunctionalized Glc-NCs fail to aggregate since oxidized thio-glucose is not recognized by ConA (Figure 2C). Glc-NC@Man are monodisperse prior to aggregation by the addition of ConA as judged by TEM (Figure S12, Supporting Information File 1). Nanocluster cytotoxicity was assessed by incubating the nanoclusters
  • for one day with the mouse cell line L929 for a proof-of-principle study. Cell viability was measured using the MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium inner salt] assay [30]. The cytotoxicity of Glc-NCs, CTAB-NCs and THPC-NCs was compared. CTAB
  • -NCs were toxic even at low concentrations (0.2–25 µM), whereas both THPC-NCs (Figure S13, Supporting Information File 1) and Glc-NCs did not show any toxicity at 500 µM (Figure 3A). To test whether the free stabilizers were affecting the cytotoxicity, both Glc-NCs and THPC-NCs were measured after
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Published 08 Sep 2016

Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers

  • Rasheed Atif and
  • Fawad Inam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1174–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.109

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  • bones. However, some researchers reported that CNTs exhibit cytotoxicity to human dermal cells. Potential health hazards could also arise from inhalation. The discrepancy in such biocompatibility results can be attributed to the complicated physicochemical interactions between CNTs and biological cells
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Published 12 Aug 2016

Multiwalled carbon nanotube hybrids as MRI contrast agents

  • Nikodem Kuźnik and
  • Mateusz M. Tomczyk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1086–1103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.102

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  • , e.g., stability of dispersion in buffers, lower cytotoxicity, visual contrast or selectivity for certain organs [33]. Finally, additional effects appear after introduction into a living organism, thus it is not surprising that further evolution of r2/r1 takes place there. It was found that the local
  • the in vivo behavior of nanohybrids is essential in order to judge their applicability in MRI. Several types of studies were performed. The first group was to study cytotoxicity by determining cell viability upon incubation with the nanohybrids (Table 2). In some cases it was possible to indicate
  • which component of the hybrid was responsible mainly for the cytotoxicity impact. The classical MTT assay is usually applied for this purpose. However, there have been reports of high measurement error in this method with MWCNT [40], thus Trypan Blue staining of the dead cells could be more reliable
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Published 27 Jul 2016

Improved biocompatibility and efficient labeling of neural stem cells with poly(L-lysine)-coated maghemite nanoparticles

  • Igor M. Pongrac,
  • Marina Dobrivojević,
  • Lada Brkić Ahmed,
  • Michal Babič,
  • Miroslav Šlouf,
  • Daniel Horák and
  • Srećko Gajović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 926–936, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.84

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  • their cellular uptake, the mechanism of internalization, cytotoxicity, viability and proliferation of neural stem cells, and compared them to the commercially available dextran-coated nanomag®-D-spio nanoparticles. Results: Light microscopy of Prussian blue staining revealed a concentration-dependent
  • efficiency, cellular viability, cytotoxicity, behavior after labeling, and the mechanism of internalization was determined and compared. Results Characterization of the nanoparticle morphology To compare the morphology of PLL-γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with commercially available nanomag®-D-spio particles
  • effect on NSC, treated cells were assessed with regard to viability, proliferation and cytotoxicity. The MTT assay was applied to demonstrate NSC viability and proliferation. A constant amount of starting cells for culture was used and compared after 48 h of NSC proliferation in the culture. The non
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Published 27 Jun 2016

Tight junction between endothelial cells: the interaction between nanoparticles and blood vessels

  • Yue Zhang and
  • Wan-Xi Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 675–684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.60

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  • for the adverse effects of NPs, e.g., cytotoxicity [8], unknown effects of its biological distribution [9] and genotoxicity [10]. At the same time, we realize that in most cases the pathway of how NPs enter the human body remains unknown. When we are exposed to NPs, they can enter our body though
  • cytotoxicity in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells and these effects are related to the activation of potassium channels [49]. Iron oxide NPs also induce inflammation and malfunction in vascular endothelial systems [50]. In the following, we will present assumptions about how the NPs behave in blood
  • vessels, in particular about (1) NPs pass through the endothelial layer of blood vessels and (2) NPs cause cytotoxicity in surrounding tissues under the endothelial layer. Endothelial cells and tight junction The endothelium provides a thin layer of cells that covers the internal surface of blood vessels
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Published 06 May 2016

Comparison of the interactions of daunorubicin in a free form and attached to single-walled carbon nanotubes with model lipid membranes

  • Dorota Matyszewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 524–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.46

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  • conjugated to either polyethylene glycol (PEG) functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) [20] or to aptamer-wrapped SWCNTs via π–π interactions. In both cases the cytotoxicity of the conjugates was verified on the selected cancer cell lines. In this study the influence of both free daunorubicin
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Published 08 Apr 2016

Surface coating affects behavior of metallic nanoparticles in a biological environment

  • Darija Domazet Jurašin,
  • Marija Ćurlin,
  • Ivona Capjak,
  • Tea Crnković,
  • Marija Lovrić,
  • Michal Babič,
  • Daniel Horák,
  • Ivana Vinković Vrček and
  • Srećko Gajović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 246–262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.23

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  • uptake and toxicity of metallic NPs [41][42], whereas differences in surface coatings influence cytotoxicity and surface charge [43]. However, it is still unclear how different surface coatings affect the interaction of NPs with biological environments and the formation of the protein corona. Because
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Published 15 Feb 2016

Nanoinformatics for environmental health and biomedicine

  • Rong Liu and
  • Yoram Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2449–2451, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.253

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  • components calculated from nanoparticle size and surface properties using Kriging estimations [14]. Another contribution reports on the development of models to predict the cytotoxicity of PAMAM dendrimers using molecular descriptors [15]. Nanomaterials that have potential to cause disease (e.g., TiO2
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Published 21 Dec 2015

An ISA-TAB-Nano based data collection framework to support data-driven modelling of nanotoxicology

  • Richard L. Marchese Robinson,
  • Mark T. D. Cronin,
  • Andrea-Nicole Richarz and
  • Robert Rallo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1978–1999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.202

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  • ”, whilst the concept of “factors” refers to “variables that are changed for studying their effects on the measured endpoint” [17]. If the assay is biological (e.g., an in vitro cytotoxicity assay), the originally sourced biological material is considered the original material, with its identifier reported
  • : cytotoxicity (“a_InvID_cytotoxicity.cell-viability_Method.xls”, “a_InvID_cytotoxicity.sub-lethal_Method.xls”) and genotoxicity (“a_InvID_genotoxicity_Method.xls”). Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity are amongst the endpoints which are frequently considered when evaluating metal oxide nanoparticles in cell-based in
  • vitro assays [4][84]. A number of nano-QSAR models have been developed for cytotoxicity [13][85][86][87][88][89][90][91] and some models have also been developed for nanomaterial genotoxicity [9][92][93]. The genotoxicity Assay file template (“a_InvID_genotoxicity_Method.xls”) was designed to capture
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Published 05 Oct 2015

Temperature-dependent breakdown of hydrogen peroxide-treated ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticle agglomerates

  • Sinan Sabuncu and
  • Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1897–1903, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.193

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  • demonstrated that the treatment of ZnO NPs with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) affected the surface properties and as a result the cytotoxicity of the ZnO NPs was found to decrease [20]. H2O2 is a powerful oxidizer and it is therefore routinely used in many cleaners and bleaches. Living systems can produce hydrogen
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Published 14 Sep 2015

Predicting cytotoxicity of PAMAM dendrimers using molecular descriptors

  • David E. Jones,
  • Hamidreza Ghandehari and
  • Julio C. Facelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1886–1896, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.192

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  • techniques can be used for the development of predictive models of the cytotoxicity of poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimers using their chemical and structural properties. We present predictive models developed using 103 PAMAM dendrimer cytotoxicity values that were extracted from twelve cancer nanomedicine
  • journal articles. The results indicate that data mining and machine learning can be effectively used to predict the cytotoxicity of PAMAM dendrimers on Caco-2 cells. Keywords: data mining; machine learning; molecular descriptors; poly(amido amine) dendrimers (PAMAM); Introduction In silico approaches
  • methods of data mining and machine learning to predict the cytotoxicity of poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimers. Cytotoxicity was the selected criterion because it is of key concern for the nanoscience and nanomedicine community [7][8], considering that high cytotoxicity is a definitive cause for
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Published 11 Sep 2015

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro biocompatibility study of Au/TMC/Fe3O4 nanocomposites as a promising, nontoxic system for biomedical applications

  • Hanieh Shirazi,
  • Maryam Daneshpour,
  • Soheila Kashanian and
  • Kobra Omidfar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1677–1689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.170

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  • . Moreover, the results of the MTT assay showed no significant cytotoxicity effect when the Au/TMC/Fe3O4 nanocomposites were applied in vitro. These TMC-containing magnetic nanoparticles are well-coated by Au nanoparticles and have good biocompatibility and can thus play the role of a platform or a label in
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Published 03 Aug 2015

The eNanoMapper database for nanomaterial safety information

  • Nina Jeliazkova,
  • Charalampos Chomenidis,
  • Philip Doganis,
  • Bengt Fadeel,
  • Roland Grafström,
  • Barry Hardy,
  • Janna Hastings,
  • Markus Hegi,
  • Vedrin Jeliazkov,
  • Nikolay Kochev,
  • Pekka Kohonen,
  • Cristian R. Munteanu,
  • Haralambos Sarimveis,
  • Bart Smeets,
  • Pantelis Sopasakis,
  • Georgia Tsiliki,
  • David Vorgrimmler and
  • Egon Willighagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1609–1634, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.165

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  • average, though this is not always specified), a minimum and maximum value, or a single value and a standard deviation. Biological measurements are linked to assays (such as cytotoxicity, cell growth, cell viability, genotoxicity, and oxidative stress), endpoints measured on that assay (e.g., ROS
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Published 27 Jul 2015

Using natural language processing techniques to inform research on nanotechnology

  • Nastassja A. Lewinski and
  • Bridget T. McInnes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1439–1449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.149

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  • the numeric values and dendrimer property terms. The entities associated with PAMAM were based on the NanoParticle Ontology and included: (1) hydrodynamic diameter, (2) particle diameter, (3) molecular weight, (4) zeta potential, (5) cytotoxicity, (6) IC50, (7) cell viability, (8) encapsulation
  • interest can be dependent upon the application. Nanomedicine applications are often evaluated using performance parameters, such as drug loading efficiency and efficacy, in addition to biological response, such as cytotoxicity or IC50. Since efficacy and cytotoxicity are dependent upon the administered
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Review
Published 01 Jul 2015
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