DFT calculations of the structure and stability of copper clusters on MoS₂

• Cara-Lena Nies and
• Michael Nolan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 391–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.30

• 2D materials can function as barrier materials to prevent copper diffusion into the underlying dielectric material. While there have been studies of single-atom adsorption at MoS2 [26][29] and the adsorption of larger nanoclusters of noble metals, [25] there is as yet no comprehensive study of the

Formation of nanoripples on ZnO flat substrates and nanorods by gas cluster ion bombardment

• Xiaomei Zeng,
• Vasiliy Pelenovich,
• Bin Xing,
• Rakhim Rakhimov,
• Wenbin Zuo,
• Alexander Tolstogouzov,
• Chuansheng Liu,
• Dejun Fu and
• Xiangheng Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 383–390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.29

• of semiconductor quantum dots [2]. Arrays of metallic nanoparticles or nanowires aligned on dielectric surfaces with nanoripples are ideal for research on plasmonics [3]. Ag nanoparticle arrays created on rippled silicon surfaces have demonstrated excellent sensing of molecules through surface

Size effects of graphene nanoplatelets on the properties of high-density polyethylene nanocomposites: morphological, thermal, electrical, and mechanical characterization

• Tuba Evgin,
• Alpaslan Turgut,
• Georges Hamaoui,
• Zdenko Spitalsky,
• Nicolas Horny,
• Matej Micusik,
• Mihai Chirtoc,
• Mehmet Sarikanat and
• Maria Omastova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 167–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.14

• . Pure HDPE is an insulating material that has a characteristic dielectric behavior corresponding to a linear increase in AC conductivity with increasing frequency [24]. The electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites increased with increasing amount of GnP. The reason for this increase may have been

• –85°, with a scanning speed of 0.03°/s. FTIR measurements were carried out with a Thermo Fisher Scientific iS10 infrared spectrometer in the range of 4000–650 cm−1 at room temperature. Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) measurements were conducted using a Novocontrol Concept 40 instrument with an

• Alpha dielectric spectrometer supplied by Novocontrol Technologies GmbH. A BDS-1200 parallel-plate capacitor with two gold-plated electrodes was used as a test cell for the samples and provided by Novocontrol Technologies. The diameter and thickness of the samples was 20 mm and 0.5 mm, respectively. All

Fabrication of Ag-modified hollow titania spheres via controlled silver diffusion in Ag–TiO₂ core–shell nanostructures

• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Bogusław Budner,
• Marta Michalska-Domańska,
• Krzysztof Kopczyński and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 141–146, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.12

• of the fabricated CSNs and Ag-modified hollow TiO2 nanostructures, images of their aqueous suspensions are also shown in the inset of Figure 4. As we have shown previously, coating of AgNPs with TiO2 leads to an overall increase in the refractive index of their local dielectric environment and, as a

Nanosecond resistive switching in Ag/AgI/PtIr nanojunctions

• Botond Sánta,
• Dániel Molnár,
• Patrick Haiber,
• Agnes Gubicza,
• Edit Szilágyi,
• Zsolt Zolnai,
• András Halbritter and
• Miklós Csontos

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 92–100, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.9

• directly followed by the onset of stable hysteretic traces without the need of any further dedicated electroforming procedure. We argue, that the indention of the tip to the surface layer reduces the effective thickness of the dielectric layer resulting in the down-scaling of the electroforming voltage to

Advanced hybrid nanomaterials

• Andreas Taubert,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Pierre Rabu and
• Verónica de Zea Bermudez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2563–2567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.247

• as functionalized films with high dielectric constant, or, in the case of optical applications, this consists also in embedding different types of nanoparticles. In the first example, “Co-intercalated layered double hydroxides as thermal and photo-oxidation stabilizers for polypropylene”, the

• fire retardancy and gas permeation in a low molecular weight epoxy resin [28]. Regarding specific applications, the dielectric properties were investigated by broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) in “Nanocomposite–parylene C thin films with high dielectric constant and low losses for future organic

• electronic devices” [29]. A combination of deposition techniques was used, chemical vapor deposition for parylene and RF-magnetron sputtering for silver nanoparticles. The content and size of the latter influences the dielectric characteristics of the resulting hybrid films. Such devices may find application

Plasmonic nanosensor based on multiple independently tunable Fano resonances

• Lin Cheng,
• Zelong Wang,
• Xiaodong He and
• Pengfei Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2527–2537, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.243

• kinds of resonators and two stubs which are side-coupled to a metal–dielectric–metal (MDM) waveguide. By utilizing numerical investigation with the finite element method (FEM), the simulation results show that the transmission spectrum of the nanosensor has as many as five sharp Fano resonance peaks

• nanosensors, optical splitters, filters, optical switches, nonlinear photonic and slow-light devices. Keywords: Fano resonance; metal–dielectric–metal (MDM) waveguide; nanosensor; on-chip plasmonic structures; surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs); Introduction Surface plasmon polariton (SPP) is a unique

• optical phenomenon which occurs in the coupling of electromagnetic waves with free electrons at the metal–dielectric interface [1]. It can overcome the classical diffraction limit of light. Based on this property, metal–dielectric–metal (MDM) waveguides have been designed and widely applied to manipulate

Multiple Fano resonances with flexible tunablity based on symmetry-breaking resonators

• Xiao bin Ren,
• Kun Ren,
• Ying Zhang,
• Cheng guo Ming and
• Qun Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2459–2467, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.236

• reflectance). In addition to PhC waveguides, metal–dielectric–metal (MDM) waveguides are very attractive for researchers because they can support surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and allow for the control of light at the subwavelength scale. MDM waveguides provide an effective approach to chip-scale photonic

• the incident light. The other parameters are ε∞ = 3.7, bulk plasma frequency ωp = 1.38 × 1016 Hz, damping frequency γ = 2.73 × 1013 Hz. The dielectric in the waveguide is air. The ring resonator is filled with a dielectric with the constant εd. Temporal coupled-mode theory (CMT) is used to analyze the

Nonlinear absorption and scattering of a single plasmonic nanostructure characterized by x-scan technique

• Tushar C. Jagadale,
• Dhanya S. Murali and
• Shi-Wei Chu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2182–2191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.211

• , the backscattering decay is by cubic order larger than the absorption decay. One possible reason could be that scattering is proportional to the square of the variation of the dielectric constant, while absorption is linearly proportional to the dielectric constant. Within the dipole approximation

• , the absorption and scattering cross sections of a plasmonic nanosphere can be determined by classical Mie theory as: where, k is the wave vector, r is the radius of the particle, εp is the dielectric constant of the particle and εm is the dielectric constant of the surrounding medium. Upon irradiation

BergaCare SmartLipids: commercial lipophilic active concentrates for improved performance of dermal products

• Florence Olechowski,
• Rainer H. Müller and
• Sung Min Pyo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2152–2162, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.208

• the skin even under mechanical stress is beneficial to fight pollution factors. The lipid particles adhere onto the skin as any nanosized particle does and form a film. This film formation can be followed by measuring the dielectric constant of the skin, using a Corneometer® (Courage + Khazaka

• Electronic GmbH, Germany) [26]. The probe determines the dielectric constant, D, of the skin through a condenser in the probe. An insulator medium in the condenser reduces the measured D value. For example, D is 0 for a complete insulator (vacuum), about 5 for lipids and organic liquids, and 80 for pure

• remain on the skin (right arm). Determination of the relative film thickness by measuring the dielectric constant D on skin. Probe readings of untreated skin and skin with applied increasing concentration of lipid particle suspension; reproduced with permission from [27], copyright 2013 Euro Cosmetics

Review of advanced sensor devices employing nanoarchitectonics concepts

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Tatsuyuki Makita,
• Masato Ito,
• Taizo Mori,
• Shun Watanabe and
• Jun Takeya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2014–2030, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.198

• environments is briefly described and hints for future sensor designs are discussed. Interfacial environments provide two distinct features, (i) contacts of phases with different dielectric natures and (ii) connection of extremely different size events (both along the lateral direction and thickness direction

• interfacial types and nanoarchitectonics of interfacial structures. The above-mentioned specific features at the interfacial media were also proved by theoretical calculations based on quantum chemistry [152][153][154]. Even without direct contact, the low dielectric nature in nonpolar media located close to

• devices. Of course, all important sensor activities cannot be described in this review. For example, sensors based on various advanced physical mechanisms such as plasmonic [194], dielectric sensing [195], surface-enhanced Raman scattering [196], Fabry–Pérot-based intraocular pressure [197], and/or novel

Porous silver-coated pNIPAM-co-AAc hydrogel nanocapsules

• William W. Bryan,
• Riddhiman Medhi,
• Maria D. Marquez,
• Supparesk Rittikulsittichai,
• Michael Tran and
• T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1973–1982, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.194

• enhanced extinction compared to molecular chromophores [44][45]. This type of particle generally consists of a single metal or an alloy shell with or without a dielectric silica core [46][47][48]. Fortunately, for biological applications, the optical properties of the nanoshells can be tuned by varying the

Pulsed laser synthesis of highly active Ag–Rh and Ag–Pt antenna–reactor-type plasmonic catalysts

• Kenneth A. Kane and
• Massimo F. Bertino

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1958–1963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.192

• of the free electrons of the metal that occurs when the dielectric constants of the metal and the medium (through which the free electrons oscillate) are appropriately matched and the wavelength of the incident light is longer than the size of the nanoparticle (NP). A consequence of plasmon

Fabrication and characterization of Si_1−xGe_x nanocrystals in as-grown and annealed structures: a comparative study

• Muhammad Taha Sultan,
• Adrian Valentin Maraloiu,
• Ionel Stavarache,
• Jón Tómas Gudmundsson,
• Andrei Manolescu,
• Valentin Serban Teodorescu,
• Magdalena Lidia Ciurea and
• Halldór Gudfinnur Svavarsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1873–1882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.182

• Currently, there is considerable interest in the growth of self-assembled quantum dots their application in optoelectronics and nanosized structures. For instance, semiconducting Si, Ge and SiGe nanocrystals (NCs/NPs) embedded in a dielectric oxide matrix have been found to exhibit strong quantum

• interface traps (known as Pb-type defects). These interface traps produce scattering centers that can affect the mobility of charge carriers, thus altering the transport properties [11]. Moreover, sharp interfaces with an abrupt change in the dielectric constant or thermal expansion coefficients give rise

Long-term entrapment and temperature-controlled-release of SF₆ gas in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)

• Hana Bunzen,
• Andreas Kalytta-Mewes,
• Leo van Wüllen and
• Dirk Volkmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1851–1859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.180

• infrared (FTIR) and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. SF6 is an inert, nonflammable and nontoxic gas, which is known to be an excellent dielectric gas for high-voltage applications [15][16]. At the same time, it is also known as one of the most severe greenhouse gases [17][18]. Therefore

Prestress-loading effect on the current–voltage characteristics of a piezoelectric p–n junction together with the corresponding mechanical tuning laws

• Wanli Yang,
• Shuaiqi Fan,
• Yuxing Liang and
• Yuantai Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1833–1843, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.178

• = e2/(cε). In the above, strain S and electric field E can be expressed as S = du/dx and E = −dϕ/dx, in which u and ϕ are displacement and electric potential, respectively. c, e and ε are elastic, piezoelectric and dielectric constant, respectively. The one-dimensional Gauss’s law of a piezoelectric p

Growth dynamics and light scattering of gold nanoparticles in situ synthesized at high concentration in thin polymer films

• Corentin Guyot,
• Philippe Vandestrick,
• Ingrid Marenne,
• Olivier Deparis and
• Michel Voué

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1768–1777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.172

• Department, Namur, Belgium 10.3762/bjnano.10.172 Abstract Background: Numerous optical applications of nano-objects require a dispersion of the nanoparticles in a dielectric matrix. In order to achieve high particle concentrations, one can, as an alternative, directly grow the particles in a polymer or an

• of their conduction electrons excited by incident light. They are strongly influenced by shape and size of the particles but also by the dielectric properties of their environment, in particular when particles are embedded in a dielectric matrix. There are numerous synthesis methods for such

• model assumes flat interfaces between adjacent layers, each of them being characterized by its thickness and its (frequency-dependent) complex refractive index or dielectric function. In the case of layers containing mixed materials, which is the case for our nanocomposite layers, the optical properties

Kelvin probe force microscopy work function characterization of transition metal oxide crystals under ongoing reduction and oxidation

• Dominik Wrana,
• Karol Cieślik,
• Wojciech Belza,
• Christian Rodenbücher,
• Krzysztof Szot and
• Franciszek Krok

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.155

• ]). Strontium titanate, SrTiO3, is a perfect example of a semiconductor with a wide bandgap of 3.2 eV and also a model perovskite oxide. Ti4+ cations provide no electrons for the d-band, which can participate in conductivity. Strontium titanate finds many applications as a dielectric ceramic material [15] but

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

• -dimensional CuO petal assemblies (by Abe and co-workers [133]), perovskite nanosheets and their layer-by-layer assemblies as high-k dielectric/ferroelectric materials (by Osada and Sasaki [134]), the manipulation of transition-metal dichalcogenides nanosheets for the usage in energy storage/conversion

• categorized as interfacial environments with certain degrees of freedom of molecular mobility (dynamism). These interfaces with liquids have several intrinsic features: (i) They are environments of two different phases; (ii) they exhibit a discontinuous change of the dielectric constant; (iii) they are highly

• , simplified recognition-pair structures of phosphate and guanidinium were placed at a model interface of two phases with different dielectric constants of 2 (lipid phase) and 80 (water phase). By fixing the position of the guanidinium moiety at the interface and changing the relative location of the phosphate

Rapid thermal annealing for high-quality ITO thin films deposited by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering

• Petronela Prepelita,
• Ionel Stavarache,
• Doina Craciun,
• Florin Garoi,
• Catalin Negrila,
• Beatrice Gabriela Sbarcea and
• Valentin Craciun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1511–1522, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.149

• treated ITO films is essential in assessing the advantages of the RTA procedure. To obtain information on the bandgap width, absorption coefficient, refractive index, extinction coefficient, dielectric permittivity, position of the impurity levels in the bandgap and characteristics of the optical

• (Figure 8) on wavelength is similar to that of the absorption coefficient, according to the relationship [42][45][47]: where α is the absorption coefficient, n is the refractive index and c is the speed of light. According to the Drude theory, depending on the dielectric parameters and concentration of

• carriers, N, the real and imaginary parts of the complex dielectric permittivity characterizes the transparency of thin films to electromagnetic radiation (see Figure 9a,b). Thus, when the imaginary part, ε'', can be neglected, the layer is transparent to electromagnetic radiation. The dependence of the

Magnetic segregation effect in liquid crystals doped with carbon nanotubes

• Danil A. Petrov,
• Pavel K. Skokov,
• Alexander N. Zakhlevnykh and
• Dmitriy V. Makarov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1464–1474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.145

• studied systems in soft condensed matter physics, since they successfully combine fluidity and orientational order with specific properties of impurity particles, such as ferromagnetic, ferroelectric, metallic or dielectric impurities [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Adding a small amount of nanoparticles

Gas sensing properties of individual SnO₂ nanowires and SnO₂ sol–gel nanocomposites

• Alexey V. Shaposhnik,
• Dmitry A. Shaposhnik,
• Sergey Yu. Turishchev,
• Olga A. Chuvenkova,
• Stanislav V. Ryabtsev,
• Alexey A. Vasiliev,
• Xavier Vilanova,
• Francisco Hernandez-Ramirez and
• Joan R. Morante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1380–1390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.136

• ]. The use of metal oxide nanowires as sensing elements in gas sensors continues along two directions: The first direction involves the use of large quantities of nanowires or “nanosponge”. For example, nanowires can be grown on the surface of metallic electrodes deposited on a dielectric substrate

Electroluminescence and current–voltage measurements of single-(In,Ga)N/GaN-nanowire light-emitting diodes in a nanowire ensemble

• David van Treeck,
• Johannes Ledig,
• Gregor Scholz,
• Jonas Lähnemann,
• Mattia Musolino,
• Abbes Tahraoui,
• Oliver Brandt,
• Andreas Waag,
• Henning Riechert and
• Lutz Geelhaar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1177–1187, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.117

• -GaN or, much less likely, the absence of the dielectric covering of the nanowire sidewalls in the processed LED, but not related to processes inside the NWs themselves. The large difference in the ideality factor points to limitations of the single-NW measurements for a detailed analysis of I–V

Tailoring the magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles using the polyol process

• Malek Bibani,
• Romain Breitwieser,
• Alex Aubert,
• Vincent Loyau,
• Silvana Mercone,
• Souad Ammar and
• Fayna Mammeri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1166–1176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.116

• backbone and a higher dielectric constant (εr(TriEG) = 23.7 vs εr(TetEG) = 20.4) while the latter exhibits a larger molecular weight and is assumed to be a little more polar (µTetEG = 5.84 D vs µTriEG = 5.58 D) [28]. Regardless of reaction time and composition, we observe that the NP diameter is higher

• when tetraethylene glycol is used instead of triethylene glycol. Dipolar moment and dielectric constant of the two molecules are very similar and we can assume that they both exhibit the same strength to dissolve the ionic precursors. TetEG has a longer backbone than TriEG and can chelate bigger

CuInSe₂ quantum dots grown by molecular beam epitaxy on amorphous SiO₂ surfaces

• Henrique Limborço,
• Pedro M.P. Salomé,
• Rodrigo Ribeiro-Andrade,
• Jennifer P. Teixeira,
• Nicoleta Nicoara,
• Kamal Abderrafi,
• Joaquim P. Leitão,
• Juan C. Gonzalez and
• Sascha Sadewasser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1103–1111, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.110

• energy for the QD [48] and QW [49] can be calculated as: where Eg is the CIS low-temperature bandgap energy, h is the Planck constant, me is the effective conduction-band mass, mh is the effective valence-band mass, e is the rest electron charge, ε is the CIS dielectric constant and Ex is the exciton