Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.2010,1, 142–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.17
overall magnetic moments when placed in an externalmagneticfield but lose their moments when the field is removed. Distinct from paramagnetism, which arises from individual spins at the atomic or molecular level, superparamagnetism applies to magnetic elements that already assume a magnetically-ordered
magnetization is known to increase with particle size [33]. Ideally, each magnetic spin within a bulk magnetic material would be aligned parallel to the externalmagneticfield. However, in the nanoscale regime, surface spins tend to be tilted, a feature that reduces the overall magnetic moment. By increasing
network for sample handling, and a small permanent magnet for generating an externalmagneticfield.
The first μNMR prototype was designed with a 2 × 4 planar microcoil array that was lithographically patterned onto a glass substrate (Figure 4a) [14]. This array format enabled the performance of parallel
PDF
Figure 1:
DMR assay configurations with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). (a) Magnetic relaxation switching (MRS...
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.2010,1, 75–93, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.10
response to an externalmagneticfield resembles the Langevin behavior of paramagnetic materials but with the high susceptibility and magnetization values of the ferromagnetic materials they are composed of, compare Figure 7.
With even smaller particles, surface effects become dominant and a fully quantum
structured sample, a suspension of ferromagnetic particles can be placed on the substrate in the presence of an externalmagneticfield. For manufacturing of particle layers, a homogeneous magnetic field needs to be employed; inhomogeneous fields result in the accumulation of nanoparticles along the area
configuration of a TMR sensor is shown in Figure 12(b): Two thin ferromagnetic films are separated by an insulating barrier [63]. If the TMR sensor is positioned in an externalmagneticfield and a bias voltage is applied across the stack, then a quantum mechanical tunneling current flows across the insulator
PDF
Figure 1:
Schematic representation of the precursor concentration according to the LaMer model. The blue line...