High I_on/I_off current ratio graphene field effect transistor: the role of line defect

• Mohammad Hadi Tajarrod and
• Hassan Rasooli Saghai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2062–2068, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.210

• = Voff + VDD (VDD = 0.7 V), where Voff = Vgs at Ids = Ioff). Symbols show the exact value, and dashed lines are fitted to data points. Channel length dependence of (a) on-current (b) off current (c) on/off current. The lines are a guide to the eye. The dashed blue line is for ELD-GNRFET and the dashed

• red line is for GNRFET. Comparison between average of (a) transconductance and (b) subthreshold swing of ELD-GNRFET and GNRFET as a function of the channel length. The lines are a guide to the eye. Channel width dependence of (a) on-current (b) off current (c) on/off current. The lines are a guide to

• the eye. The dashed blue line is for ELD-GNRFET and the dashed red line is for GNRFET. Comparison between average of (a) transconductance and (b) subthreshold swing of ELD-GNRFET and GNRFET as a function of the channel width. Symbols show the exact value, and dashed lines are fitted to data points.

Comprehensive characterization and understanding of micro-fuel cells operating at high methanol concentrations

• Aldo S. Gago,
• Juan-Pablo Esquivel,
• Neus Sabaté,
• Joaquín Santander and
• Nicolas Alonso-Vante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2000–2006, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.203

• drowning it in the alcohol (observed with the naked eye). Therefore, oxygen is not further supplied at the Pt active sites and MOR at the cathode prevails over the ORR. The final result is a slow dropping in the cathode potential until the cell reaches 0 V making the µDMFC operable just for 420 s. A

The role of low-energy electrons in focused electron beam induced deposition: four case studies of representative precursors

• Rachel M. Thorman,
• Ragesh Kumar T. P.,
• D. Howard Fairbrother and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1904–1926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.194

Imaging of carbon nanomembranes with helium ion microscopy

• André Beyer,
• Henning Vieker,
• Robin Klett,
• Hanno Meyer zu Theenhausen,
• Polina Angelova and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1712–1720, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.175

• appear dark in all parts of this image. To guide the eye, white arrows in Figure 1a,b depict the same position in the sample. Note that regardless of the CNM grid mounting, in both cases, a fast evaluation regarding the area of intact CNMs is easily obtained due to the large field of view (of more than 2

• a guide to the eye. (c) CNMs on a TEM grid with a bright background and substantial membrane charging. (d) CNMs are imaged on a dark background with negligible membrane charging. (e) Schematic cross-section and superimposed line profile of the image greyscale values along the dotted line in (c) with

Influence of surface chemical properties on the toxicity of engineered zinc oxide nanoparticles to embryonic zebrafish

• Zitao Zhou,
• Jino Son,
• Bryan Harper,
• Zheng Zhou and
• Stacey Harper

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1568–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.160

• (SP), notochord (N), yolk sac edema (Y), axis (A), eye (E), snout (Sn), jaw (J), otic (O), heart (H), brain (B), somite (So), pectoral fin (PF), caudal fin (CF), pigment (P), circulation (C), trunk (T), swim bladder (SB), and touch response (TR). Statistical analysis Due to the non-parametric nature

• . The 19 sub-lethal endpoints are developmental progression (DP), spontaneous movement (SP), notochord (N), yolk sac edema (Y), axis (A), eye (E), snout (Sn), jaw (J), otic (O), heart (H), brain (B), somite (So), pectoral fin (PF), caudal fin (CF), pigment (P), circulation (C), trunk (T), swim bladder

• (SB), and touch response (TR). Supporting Information File 28: Fisher’s exact test p-value. The 19 sub-lethal endpoints are developmental progression (DP), spontaneous movement (SP), notochord (N), yolk sac edema (Y), axis (A), eye (E), snout (Sn), jaw (J), otic (O), heart (H), brain (B), somite (So

Surface excitations in the modelling of electron transport for electron-beam-induced deposition experiments

• Francesc Salvat-Pujol,
• Roser Valentí and
• Wolfgang S. Werner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1260–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.129

• SE yield, differential with respect to the energy loss of the primary electron and with respect to the energy (or the time of flight) of the emitted secondary electron [55]. These experimental data are displayed for Si under 100 eV electron bombardment in the lower panel of Figure 4 as a bird’s-eye

Improved optical limiting performance of laser-ablation-generated metal nanoparticles due to silica-microsphere-induced local field enhancement

• Zheren Du,
• Lianwei Chen,
• Tsung-Sheng Kao,
• Mengxue Wu and
• Minghui Hong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1199–1204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.122

• University, 1001 Ta hsueh Rd., Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan 10.3762/bjnano.6.122 Abstract For practical application, optical limiting materials must exhibit a fast response and a low threshold in order to be used for the protection of the human eye and electro-optical sensors against intense light. Many

• into the environment to form a colloidal nanoparticle dispersion [7][8][9]. The nanoparticles have wide application in physics, chemistry, biology and engineering. One of the important applications is that the nanoparticles can be used as optical limiting materials for the protection of the human eye

Magnetic properties of iron cluster/chromium matrix nanocomposites

• Arne Fischer,
• Robert Kruk,
• Di Wang and
• Horst Hahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1158–1163, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.117

• individual Fe clusters, it was recorded using EDX and the Fe K signal. Blocking temperature TB versus approximated nearest neighbor distances DNN for Fex/Cr samples. The solid lines on three series of samples with 500, 1000 and 2000 atoms are just guides to the eye. A clear dependence of TB on the cluster

Superluminescence from an optically pumped molecular tunneling junction by injection of plasmon induced hot electrons

• Kai Braun,
• Xiao Wang,
• Andreas M. Kern,
• Hilmar Adler,
• Heiko Peisert,
• Thomas Chassé,
• Dai Zhang and
• Alfred J. Meixner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1100–1106, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.111

• μW) for a constant bias voltage of +1800 mV. Spectrally integrated intensity (blue dots) and the full width at half maxium (FWHM) (red diamonds) of the of the luminescence peak as a function of optical pump power are given in (b). The dashed lines are guides to the eye. (c) Spectral narrowing

Tunable magnetism on the lateral mesoscale by post-processing of Co/Pt heterostructures

• Oleksandr V. Dobrovolskiy,
• Maksym Kompaniiets,
• Roland Sachser,
• Fabrizio Porrati,
• Christian Gspan,
• Harald Plank and
• Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1082–1090, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.109

• cycling for sample D at a series of temperatures, as indicated. Insets: Temperature dependencies of the squareness Mr/Ms and the coercive field Hc for sample D. The lines are guides for the eye. Geometrical dimensions, thickness-integrated composition, and magnetic properties of the samples. l: length; w

From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries

• Philipp Adelhelm,
• Pascal Hartmann,
• Conrad L. Bender,
• Martin Busche,
• Christine Eufinger and
• Juergen Janek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1016–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.105

Protein corona – from molecular adsorption to physiological complexity

• Lennart Treuel,
• Dominic Docter,
• Michael Maskos and
• Roland H. Stauber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 857–873, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.88

• eye. The collision efficiency becomes zero around the point where monolayer surface coverage can be expected. (b): Data-plot of surface coverage versus the logarithmic HSA-concentration from the same study [53]. Surface coverage was inferred from the stabilizing effect of the HSA corona forming around

Capillary and van der Waals interactions on CaF₂ crystals from amplitude modulation AFM force reconstruction profiles under ambient conditions

• Annalisa Calò,
• Oriol Vidal Robles,
• Sergio Santos and
• Albert Verdaguer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 809–819, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.84

• distance. Then Fts increases very rapidly with dmin and the force profile is similar to that observed at distances past the minima in force in Figure 2a. Here mechanical contact occurs and repulsive forces dominate the tip–sample interaction [27]. We set dmin = 0 by eye at the point where Fts changes its

Morphology control of zinc oxide films via polysaccharide-mediated, low temperature, chemical bath deposition

• Florian Waltz,
• Hans-Christoph Schwarz,
• Andreas M. Schneider,
• Stefanie Eiden and
• Peter Behrens

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 799–808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.83

• deposition procedure according to Greene et al. reproducibly led to high film quality in the final product [43]. The seeding did not result in clouding of the glass slides, which would have been observable with the naked eye. The XRD patterns of glass slides seeded in this way displayed only a broad signal

Conformal SiO₂ coating of sub-100 nm diameter channels of polycarbonate etched ion-track channels by atomic layer deposition

• Nicolas Sobel,
• Christian Hess,
• Manuela Lukas,
• Anne Spende,
• Bernd Stühn,
• M. E. Toimil-Molares and
• Christina Trautmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 472–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.48

• to the eye. Contact angle measurements as a function of the number of ALD cycles. With increasing thickness of the SiO2 layer the samples become more hydrophilic. Surface composition (in atom %) of a pristine PC membranes and SiO2-coated membrane after different numbers of ALD cycles. Results of the

Green preparation and spectroscopic characterization of plasmonic silver nanoparticles using fruits as reducing agents

• Jes Ærøe Hyllested,
• Marta Espina Palanco,
• Nicolai Hagen,
• Klaus Bo Mogensen and
• Katrin Kneipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 293–299, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.27

• extract/AgNO3 solution between 5 and 65 minutes after mixing and after 1 month (a) and of ≈1:50 pineapple extract/AgNO3 solution between 2 and 30 minutes after mixing (c). The arrows guide the eye between the peaks of the spectra. (b) and (d) show SEM images of typical nanoparticles prepared by using

Caveolin-1 and CDC42 mediated endocytosis of silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles in HeLa cells

• Nils Bohmer and
• Andreas Jordan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 167–176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.16

• reduced endocytosis of PEGylated SPIONs by 46% (Figure 9). This effect was highly significant and visible by eye before quantitative iron analysis because of the light-colored cell pellet. The important role of CDC42 is also interesting in the context of the observed effect of Caveolin-1, because it was

Spectroscopic mapping and selective electronic tuning of molecular orbitals in phosphorescent organometallic complexes – a new strategy for OLED materials

• Pascal R. Ewen,
• Jan Sanning,
• Tobias Koch,
• Nikos L. Doltsinis,
• Cristian A. Strassert and
• Daniel Wegner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2248–2258, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.234

• to the eye for the comparison of theory and experiment, we have schematically depicted the energetic visibility range of the described dI/dV features as Lorentzian peaks in Figure 3b that can be considered as (qualitative and schematic) experimental LDOS vs energy plots. The arrows between Figure 3a

Properties of plasmonic arrays produced by pulsed-laser nanostructuring of thin Au films

• Katarzyna Grochowska,
• Katarzyna Siuzdak,
• Peter A. Atanasov,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Anna Dikovska,
• Nikolay N. Nedyalkov and
• Gerard Śliwiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2102–2112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.219

• from 10–30 nm thick films (circles) and data from [45] are given for comparison (triangles); the dashed line is a guide for the eye. Near-field intensity distributions in the vicinity of Au nanoarrays on SiO2 glass: a) scheme of the structure geometry adopted from the SEM image in Figure 1a inset

Effect of channel length on the electrical response of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors to deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization

• Hari Krishna Salila Vijayalal Mohan,
• Jianing An,
• Yani Zhang,
• Chee How Wong and
• Lianxi Zheng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2081–2091, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.217

• solid lines are a guide to the eye. The variation in (a) Δφ and (b) K with L in the linear and near-threshold regimes for the forward sweep. The solid lines are a guide to the eye. Supporting Information The Supporting Information contains 1) ID–VDS and ID–VG plots of different functionalization steps

Optical properties and electrical transport of thin films of terbium(III) bis(phthalocyanine) on cobalt

• Peter Robaschik,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Daniel Bülz,
• Peter Richter,
• Manuel Monecke,
• Michael Fronk,
• Svetlana Klyatskaya,
• Daniel Grimm,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Mario Ruben,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn and
• Georgeta Salvan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2070–2078, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.215

• the organic film thickness. Dotted lines are guide to the eye to show the tendency of the grain height and grain diameter with the thickness. The inset shows the dependence of the roughness of the organic films thickness. (b) Diameter and height histograms for an 87 nm TbPc2 film. Error bars (with

Data-adaptive image-denoising for detecting and quantifying nanoparticle entry in mucosal tissues through intravital 2-photon microscopy

• Torsten Bölke,
• Lisa Krapf,
• Regina Orzekowsky-Schroeder,
• Tobias Vossmeyer,
• Jelena Dimitrijevic,
• Horst Weller,
• Anna Schüth,
• Antje Klinger,
• Gereon Hüttmann and
• Andreas Gebert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2016–2025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.210

• native color perception of the human eye. a) Anaesthetized Balb/c mouse on a homeothermic table with an exteriorized ileal loop. b) Schematic diagram of the chamber for intravital 2PM imaging. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 116: Additional experimental data. Acknowledgements The

The surface properties of nanoparticles determine the agglomeration state and the size of the particles under physiological conditions

• Christoph Bantz,
• Olga Koshkina,
• Thomas Lang,
• Hans-Joachim Galla,
• C. James Kirkpatrick,
• Roland H. Stauber and
• Michael Maskos

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1774–1786, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.188

• proteins, the precipitation could not be observed by eye. Thus, the samples were filtrated after mixing and measured with DLS. The resulting hydrodynamic radius was 130 nm for the non-quaternized sample POS-NH2 and approximately 200 nm for the quaternized samples POS-NH2Q1 and POS-NH2Q2. In Table 1 these

The influence of molecular mobility on the properties of networks of gold nanoparticles and organic ligands

• Edwin J. Devid,
• Paulo N. Martinho,
• M. Venkata Kamalakar,
• Úna Prendergast,
• Christian Kübel,
• Tibebe Lemma,
• Jean-François Dayen,
• Tia. E. Keyes,
• Bernard Doudin,
• Mario Ruben and
• Sense Jan van der Molen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1664–1674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.177

• lines are parallel guides to the eye to compare the slope of various networks. Fabrication of 2D Au-NP–S-BPP array (not to scale). The ingredients are gold nanoparticles (diameter 8.5 ± 1.5 nm) and SAc-BPP molecules (length of the molecule 1.3 nm, without the acetyl (Ac) group). The arrays are

Multi-frequency tapping-mode atomic force microscopy beyond three eigenmodes in ambient air

• Santiago D. Solares,
• Sangmin An and
• Christian J. Long

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1637–1648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.175

• eye. There is a reduction in the amplitude of the second eigenmode (red traces), which is more significant for smaller free oscillation amplitudes, but it is not excessive in any of the cases considered. Some minor irregularity is observed from one oscillation of the second eigenmode to the next one