Core-level spectra and molecular deformation in adsorption: V-shaped pentacene on Al(001)

• Anu Baby,
• He Lin,
• Gian Paolo Brivio,
• Luca Floreano and
• Guido Fratesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2242–2251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.230

• contributions from the non-equivalent C atoms provide evidence of the molecular orbital filling, hybridization, and interchange induced by distortion. The alteration of the C–C bond lengths due to the V-shaped bending decreases by a factor of two the azimuthal dichroism of NEXAFS spectra, i.e., the energy

• appreciable filling was observed as this state displays an energy range as large as 4 eV with its main peak below the Fermi energy level [15]. From the results in Figure 3 we add that the orbital corresponding to the LUMO+2 of the undistorted free molecule becomes the LUMO+3 of the V-shaped gas phase molecule

• -shaped structural deformation alone reduces the HOMO–LUMO gap of the free molecule by 0.5 eV which facilitates the filling of LUMO by getting electronic charge from aluminum and is hence absent in the NEXAFS spectrum [15]. In pentacene, C1 has the highest weight on LUMO but instead a node for LUMO+1 as

Nonconservative current-driven dynamics: beyond the nanoscale

• Brian Cunningham,
• Tchavdar N. Todorov and
• Daniel Dundas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2140–2147, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.219

• Hamiltonian matrix elements have the form where Rmn is interatomic distance, ε = 0.007868 eV, a = 4.08 eV, c = 139.07, and q = 4. In addition, the model includes a repulsive pair potential of the form with p = 11. The onsite elements of the Hamiltonian are set to zero, and the electron band filling is ν

Atomic scale interface design and characterisation

• Carla Bittencourt,
• Chris Ewels and
• Arkady V. Krasheninnikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1708–1711, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.174

• refined, for example new understandings of diffusion processes during growth and oxidation allow for the engineering of hollow nanostructures using the Kirkendall effect [10], the filling of carbon nanotubes and nanofibers to tune their properties [11], or the use of electron irradiation to produce carbon

Growth and morphological analysis of segmented AuAg alloy nanowires created by pulsed electrodeposition in ion-track etched membranes

• Ina Schubert,
• Loic Burr,
• Christina Trautmann and
• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1272–1280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.131

• in the number of channels and in the filling rate. A similar shape of the current-vs-time curves has previously been reported for the growth of segmented CuCo nanowires in anodized alumina templates [31][53][54]. The SEM images in Figure 2c and Figure 2d visualize the segmented nanowires resulting

Polymer blend lithography for metal films: large-area patterning with over 1 billion holes/inch²

• Cheng Huang,
• Alexander Förste,
• Stefan Walheim and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1205–1211, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.123

• filling level. The lift-off process can also be done by using a good solvent as THF for the remaining polymer. This was done, e.g., for PMMA on quartz glass. These samples were processed by sonication in tetrahydrofuran (THF) (30 min). For the fabrication of perforated metal films the PMMA was selectively

From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries

• Philipp Adelhelm,
• Pascal Hartmann,
• Conrad L. Bender,
• Martin Busche,
• Christine Eufinger and
• Juergen Janek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1016–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.105

Experimental determination of the light-trapping-induced absorption enhancement factor in DSSC photoanodes

• Serena Gagliardi and
• Mauro Falconieri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 886–892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.91

• , nanostructured titania layer, and is mainly related to its morphology and optical properties. In this study, some simplifying assumptions were made by neglecting: (a) the presence of the electrolyte filling the pores, which presumably reduces the LT and (b) the presence of the cathode acting as a back reflector

Protein corona – from molecular adsorption to physiological complexity

• Lennart Treuel,
• Dominic Docter,
• Michael Maskos and
• Roland H. Stauber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 857–873, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.88

• : 1UOR) represented as space-filling models, colored to indicate surface electrostatics at pH 7.4 (blue, negative potential; red, positive potential; range from −5 kBT/e to +5 kBT/e (calculated online at http://nbcr-222.ucsd.edu/pdb2pqr/49 [158][159]). Reprinted with permission from [4]. Copyright 2014

Transformation of hydrogen titanate nanoribbons to TiO₂ nanoribbons and the influence of the transformation strategies on the photocatalytic performance

• Melita Rutar,
• Nejc Rozman,
• Matej Pregelj,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Romana Cerc Korošec,
• Andrijana Sever Škapin,
• Aleš Mrzel,
• Srečo D. Škapin and
• Polona Umek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 831–844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.86

• deionized water or 0.5 M NH3(aq). The prepared reaction mixture was placed into a Teflon-lined hydrothermal reactor (Berghof, BR25, filling volume was 80%) and heated at a ramp rate of 1 °C/min to 160 °C at a constant stirring speed of 300 rpm for either 10 or 24 h. After being cooled down to room

Production, detection, storage and release of spin currents

• Michele Cini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 736–743, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.75

• the connection is not symmetric. Moreover, properly connected rings can be used to pump currents in the wires giving raise to a number of interesting new phenomena. At half filling using a time-dependent magnetic field in the plane of the ring one can pump a pure spin current, excited by the the spin

• spin-polarized currents into the wires by using rotating magnetic fields or letting the ring rotate around the wire. This method works without any need for a spin–orbit interaction, and without stringent requirements about the conduction band filling. Besides, they can be used to pump spin, rather than

• driven by a time-dependent magnetic field. Geometry and dynamics of spin current generation In this Section, I recall the Hamiltonian Hprod, the same as in [12], which, in the half filling case, describes the magnetic production of the spin current based on a quantum pumping effect in the absence of an

Filling of carbon nanotubes and nanofibres

• Reece D. Gately and
• Marc in het Panhuis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 508–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.53

• , Australia 10.3762/bjnano.6.53 Abstract The reliable production of carbon nanotubes and nanofibres is a relatively new development, and due to their unique structure, there has been much interest in filling their hollow interiors. In this review, we provide an overview of the most common approaches for

• filling these carbon nanostructures. We highlight that filled carbon nanostructures are an emerging material for biomedical applications. Keywords: applications; carbon nanostructures; filling; nanofibers; nanotubes; Introduction Carbon nanotubes are well-known, 1D nanostructures, which are comprised of

• surface area (SSA, 1315 m2/g) [6] makes MWCNTs an ideal material for application in hydrogen storage [7], capacitors [8] and sensing [9]. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were discovered during investigations into the filling of MWCNTs with iron and cobalt [10][11]. Rather than producing a filled

Electrical properties of single CdTe nanowires

• Elena Matei,
• Camelia Florica,
• Andreea Costas,
• María Eugenia Toimil-Molares and
• Ionut Enculescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 444–450, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.45

• excellent reproducibility and a narrow distribution of the geometrical characteristics [8][9][10][11][12][13]. The method typically makes use of a nanoporous membrane as a template along with a method for filling its pores. As templates, most used are polymer ion track membranes, anodic alumina and diblock

• copolymer templates, while the filling methods range from electrochemical or electroless deposition, to atomic layer deposition or molten metal injection. The nanoporous polymer ion track membranes are obtained by polymer foil irradiation with swift heavy ions and further chemical etching of the ion tracks

• switching from deposition inside the nanopore to deposition on the surface. This effect was used to determine the time necessary for complete filling whereby the process can be stopped earlier. The nanowires growing from caps on the surface (indicating complete pore filling) are more difficult to harvest

Nanoporous Ge thin film production combining Ge sputtering and dopant implantation

• Jacques Perrin Toinin,
• Alain Portavoce,
• Khalid Hoummada,
• Michaël Texier,
• Maxime Bertoglio,
• Sandrine Bernardini,
• Marco Abbarchi and
• Lee Chow

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 336–342, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.32

• -sectional view due to the superimposition of the structure in the analysis and due to the filling of the pores by the protective Pt layer, however, the various Ge nanograins (≤50 nm) exhibiting different orientations are easily observed. The SEM cross-sectional view of the sample with a TB = 4.8 µm (Figure

Multifunctional layered magnetic composites

• Maria Siglreitmeier,
• Baohu Wu,
• Tina Kollmann,
• Martin Neubauer,
• Gergely Nagy,
• Dietmar Schwahn,
• Vitaliy Pipich,
• Damien Faivre,
• Dirk Zahn,
• Andreas Fery and
• Helmut Cölfen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 134–148, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.13

• infiltrated with gelatin by a vacuum infiltration process. Staining of this sample illustrates not only blue stained chitin layers and insoluble matrix proteins but also colored areas in between the layers, indicating a filling of the matrix with gelatin. The interaction and positive stain of gelatin and

• RGB channel of the images was exchanged by the red one to be able to better distinguish between the different matrix parts. As a result the stained gelatin parts appear purple in the image which makes it easier to differentiate between the blue chitin layers and the filling in between the layers. The

Two-dimensional and tubular structures of misfit compounds: Structural and electronic properties

• Tommy Lorenz,
• Jan-Ole Joswig and
• Gotthard Seifert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2171–2178, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.226

• layered MX system. As a consequence, the electronic properties of some misfit compounds have been successfully described by a rigid-band formalism. In this description, the electronic bands are taken as immutable characteristics and only the filling is changed depending on the intercalated species. In

• result from the filling of the t2g energy levels coming from the titanium d states. Further studies used a comparable argument for the claim of charge transfer in other misfit layer compounds. One example is the electron transfer from PbSe to NbSe2 in [(PbSe)1.14]m(NbS2)1 with m = 1–6 [36]. The

Patterning a hydrogen-bonded molecular monolayer with a hand-controlled scanning probe microscope

• Matthew F. B. Green,
• Taner Esat,
• Christian Wagner,
• Philipp Leinen,
• Alexander Grötsch,
• F. Stefan Tautz and
• Ruslan Temirov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1926–1932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.203

• shows, manual manipulation can also be used to “correct” errors by filling a created vacancy with a molecule that has been extracted from a different location. Conclusion In summary, HCM allows for the straightforward manipulation of single molecules of large organic adsorbates in bound assemblies. The

Non-covalent and reversible functionalization of carbon nanotubes

• Antonello Di Crescenzo,
• Valeria Ettorre and
• Antonella Fontana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1675–1690, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.178

• forces the twin ionic groups to reside in a space-filling geometry reduced with respect to that of two distinct single-chained surfactant molecules. Similarly, Zhong and Claverie demonstrated from adsorption isotherm measurements [68] that MWCNTs form stable aqueous dispersions when 90% of their surface

The influence of molecular mobility on the properties of networks of gold nanoparticles and organic ligands

• Edwin J. Devid,
• Paulo N. Martinho,
• M. Venkata Kamalakar,
• Úna Prendergast,
• Christian Kübel,
• Tibebe Lemma,
• Jean-François Dayen,
• Tia. E. Keyes,
• Bernard Doudin,
• Mario Ruben and
• Sense Jan van der Molen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1664–1674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.177

• nanoparticles. The so-called filling factor f = Vclusters/Vtotal denotes the relative volume occupied by other nanoparticles around the resonating nanoparticle. In this way, the surrounding nanoparticles in an array are incorporated into the theory effectively. Note that for f = 0 (i.e., there is no interaction

• C12, the SPR shifts to shorter wavelengths [9], as expected for a blue shift originating from a change in the spacing distance between the gold nanoparticles, i.e., a decrease in the filling factor f, (see Equation 1). Note that the change in εm is expected to be negligible for the alkanethiol series

Silica nanoparticles are less toxic to human lung cells when deposited at the air–liquid interface compared to conventional submerged exposure

• Alicja Panas,
• Andreas Comouth,
• Harald Saathoff,
• Thomas Leisner,
• Marco Al-Rawi,
• Michael Simon,
• Gunnar Seemann,
• Olaf Dössel,
• Sonja Mülhopt,
• Hanns-Rudolf Paur,
• Susanne Fritsch-Decker,
• Carsten Weiss and
• Silvia Diabaté

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1590–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.171

• filling factor of 1.56 assuming a polytetrahedral structure. In order to justify this simplification the deposited mass dose of the FITC-labeled SiO2-50 nm particles was estimated additionally from their fluorescent intensity. Therefore, the exposed Transwell inserts were filled with 0.8 mL distilled

Formation of Cu_xAu_1−x phases by cold homogenization of Au/Cu nanocrystalline thin films

• Alona Tynkova,
• Gabor L. Katona,
• Gabor A. Langer,
• Sergey I. Sidorenko,
• Svetlana M. Voloshko and
• Dezso L. Beke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1491–1500, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.162

• layer (Figure 1b) as well as of the Au composition inside the Cu layer (Figure 1d). In addition there is a minimum of the Cu profile inside the Au layer. These are the consequences of the GB mass transport along the GBs. The complete filling-up of grain boundaries, e.g., in Au would lead to a maximum

• overall composition of the diffusing elements on both sides is rather high and cannot be simply explained by a filling-up of grain boundaries only, because the values obtained are larger than the one corresponding to the average value estimated from the volume fraction of the grain boundary area at the

• boundary motion and reaction layer formation, the process starts by grain boundary interdiffusion and after the filling-up of grain boundaries the reaction starts here. After the formation of the reaction zone (solid solution or ordered phase) the atomic transport along the original GB, or along the newly

Microstructural and plasmonic modifications in Ag–TiO₂ and Au–TiO₂ nanocomposites through ion beam irradiation

• Venkata Sai Kiran Chakravadhanula,
• Yogendra Kumar Mishra,
• Venkata Girish Kotnur,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi,
• Thomas Strunskus,
• Vladimir Zaporotchenko,
• Dietmar Fink,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Franz Faupel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1419–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.154

• , antibacterial coatings, photocatalysts, and implants [13][14][15][16][17][18]. The different properties of metal–TiO2 nanocomposites mainly depend on the metal volume filling fraction and the stoichiometry of the matrix. Generally, once the nanocomposites are prepared their properties are fixed. It is therefore

• nanocomposites at different ion beam fluences has been studied and discussed here. Results and Discussion The microstructural morphologies of Au–TiO2 nanocomposites with metal volume filling fractions (MVF) from 7 to 50% were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies and are shown in Figure

• selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns corresponding to each MVF composite is shown exactly below each TEM image. Bright field TEM morphologies of Ag–TiO2 nanocomposite films with different metal volume filling fractions, (a) 15%, (b) 26%, (c) 34% and (d) 47%. Morphological evolutions in Au

Review of nanostructured devices for thermoelectric applications

• Giovanni Pennelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1268–1284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.141

• distribution of filling ions as well as their “rattling” effect increases the phonon scattering on a large spectrum, so that the thermal conductivity is strongly reduced and Z is quite high. Several filling elements, such as La [32], Co [33], Ta [34], and others, have been experimented. Recently, filled [35

Physical principles of fluid-mediated insect attachment - Shouldn’t insects slip?

• Jan-Henning Dirks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1160–1166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.127

• actually smooth. Experimental studies indeed show that the adhesive fluid actually plays a more important role in increasing adhesion on rough surfaces by filling gaps between the pad and the surface, thereby maximizing contact area and adhesion to rough substrates [45][46]. This has been shown by studies

Highly NO₂ sensitive caesium doped graphene oxide conductometric sensors

• Carlo Piloto,
• Marco Notarianni,
• Mahnaz Shafiei,
• Elena Taran,
• Dilini Galpaya,
• Cheng Yan and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1073–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.120

• Community Framework Programme, and the Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry program “Filling the research gap” for funding. We thank the technical support of Dr. P. Hines, Dr. H. Diao from the Central Analytical Research Facility of the Institute for Future Environments

Nanoforging – Innovation in three-dimensional processing and shaping of nanoscaled structures

• Andreas Landefeld and
• Joachim Rösler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1066–1070, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.118

• example, studies on chip formation in the nanoscale are a wide field of research at present [1][2]. But three dimensional cutting in the nanoscale is still unexplored. Casting is also limited in its nano-applicability. The mold filling depends on the mold temperature and the filling pressure [3] and is

• in macroscopic forging, which is not an issue when microscopic material volumes are formed. As mentioned above, the small volume of the used material also yields mechanical properties which are not achievable in macroscopic forging. Consequently high degrees of deformation, good mold filling as well