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Search for "imaging" in Full Text gives 912 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Utilizing the surface potential of a solid electrolyte region as the potential reference in Kelvin probe force microscopy

  • Nobuyuki Ishida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1558–1563, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.129

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  • . Keywords: electrochemistry; Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM); reference electrode; solid electrolyte; Introduction Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is a scanning probe technique for imaging surface potentials on the nanometer scale [1][2][3][4]. Its operating principle is based on detecting the
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Published 19 Dec 2022

Frequency-dependent nanomechanical profiling for medical diagnosis

  • Santiago D. Solares and
  • Alexander X. Cartagena-Rivera

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1483–1489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.122

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  • Santiago D. Solares Alexander X. Cartagena-Rivera Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Washington, District of Columbia, USA Section on Mechanobiology, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and
  • mechanical sensor into an endoscopy pill, which would save or transmit its mechanical data to a computer for further analysis. Endoscopy capsules for optical imaging of the digestive tract already exist [30]. A schematic for a proposed enhancement to this type of device is shown in Figure 2. In addition to
  • optical imaging, the device could be equipped with one or more piezoelectrically excited membranes coupled with a sensing mechanism, such as an AFM cantilever or other type of mechanical sensor (similar stand-alone developments already exist [31][32]). The mechanical response of the membrane could be
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Published 09 Dec 2022

Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy

  • Yuran Wang,
  • Xudong Li,
  • Haijun Chen and
  • Yu Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118

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  • that received a single intravenous dose of commercial AuNPs still showed high gold concentrations in the liver at day 28 [5]. To reduce tissue retention of AuNPs, ultrasmall gold nanoclusters with renal clearance ability were developed for imaging and sensing [6][7]. Nevertheless, they were not
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Published 02 Dec 2022

Dry under water: air retaining properties of large-scale elastomer foils covered with mushroom-shaped surface microstructures

  • Matthias Mail,
  • Stefan Walheim,
  • Thomas Schimmel,
  • Wilhelm Barthlott,
  • Stanislav N. Gorb and
  • Lars Heepe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1370–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.113

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  • of the samples was observed while the pressure was increased and kept at a certain level. Imaging was continued until all the air disappeared. First, a pressure of 500 mbar was applied corresponding to an immersion depth of about 5.1 m. Then the same procedure was performed with an applied pressure
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Published 21 Nov 2022

Growing up in a rough world: scaling of frictional adhesion and morphology of the Tokay gecko (Gekko gecko)

  • Anthony J. Cobos and
  • Timothy E. Higham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1292–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.107

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  • Health). Toe pad area was measured from the scansors bearing setae following previous methods [47]. Following toepad area measures, each toe was bisected sagittally and then stored in 100% ethanol for subsequent SEM imaging. The toes were removed from the ethanol and placed into a critical-point drying
  • unit to dehydrate the tissue prior to imaging. They were then placed on a double stick conductive carbon tape affixed to a stub and sputter coated with a platinum/palladium coating. Toes were then viewed using a ThermoFisher Scientific Quanta™ 3D 200i SEM in the Central Facility for Advanced Microscopy
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Published 09 Nov 2022

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

  • Ke Xu and
  • Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

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  • and disadvantages of the improved probes compared with ordinary probes by comparing the differences in spatial resolution, sensitivity, imaging, and other performance aspects, and finally provides an outlook on the future development of AFM probes. This paper promotes the development of AFM probes in
  • disadvantages of the improved probes compared with ordinary probes by comparing the differences in performance in terms of spatial resolution, sensitivity, and imaging, and finally provides an outlook on the future development of AFM probes. Review Metal probe Metal nanocluster probe Metal nanoclusters contain
  • minimum radius of curvature of 3 nm with different applied bias pressures. The resulting gold nanowire probes are chemically inert and have a high lateral resolution. Such gold-functionalized tips can be applied to various spectroscopic and imaging techniques with nanoscale resolution, such as tip
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Published 03 Nov 2022

A super-oscillatory step-zoom metalens for visible light

  • Yi Zhou,
  • Chao Yan,
  • Peng Tian,
  • Zhu Li,
  • Yu He,
  • Bin Fan,
  • Zhiyong Wang,
  • Yao Deng and
  • Dongliang Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1220–1227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.101

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  • years, the super-oscillation method based on the fine interference of optical fields has been successfully applied to sub-diffraction focusing and super-resolution imaging. However, most previously reported works only describe static super-oscillatory lenses. Super-oscillatory lenses using phase-change
  • tool for label-free super-resolution microscopic imaging and optical precision machining. Keywords: geometric phase; phase-change material; step-zoom lens; super-oscillatory; Introduction Due to the diffraction limit, conventional optical imaging systems are unable to surpass a theoretical resolution
  • of 0.5 λ/NA, where λ is the wavelength and NA is the numerical aperture [1]. Super-resolution optical imaging is of significant scientific and application value, which may lead to a revolution in various fields, such as optical microscopy, optical remote sensing, subwavelength lithography, and ultra
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Published 28 Oct 2022

A cantilever-based, ultrahigh-vacuum, low-temperature scanning probe instrument for multidimensional scanning force microscopy

  • Hao Liu,
  • Zuned Ahmed,
  • Sasa Vranjkovic,
  • Manfred Parschau,
  • Andrada-Oana Mandru and
  • Hans J. Hug

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1120–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.95

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  • , but also perform rapid overview scans with the tip kept at larger tip–sample distances for robust imaging. Keywords: atomic force microscopy; atomic resolution; instrumentation design; multimodal operation; ultrahigh vacuum; Introduction Atomic force microscopy (AFM) operated under vacuum or
  • frequency of microfabricated cantilevers combined with high-bandwidth cantilever deflection detection permits video-rate scanning [24], real-time peak force detection [25], or a later artificial intelligence processing of the vast amounts of data acquired during imaging [26][27]. Under vacuum conditions
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Published 11 Oct 2022

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

  • Aisha Kanwal,
  • Naheed Bibi,
  • Sajjad Hyder,
  • Arif Muhammad,
  • Hao Ren,
  • Jiangtao Liu and
  • Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

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  • fast, low-cost, and convenient cancer imaging applications. The particle size of the CDs was 10.14 nm as calculated by TEM [64]. Zhai et al. compared different synthetic methods to find the most suitable route to obtain fluorescent CDs from the green precursor Setcreasea purpurea boom [66]. The
  • waste as carbon and nitrogen source, novel CDs have been prepared using a simple hydrothermal carbonization technique in an ecofriendly approach by Atchudan et al. [79]. Their excitation-dependent fluorescence characteristics have been used successfully as a fluorescent probe in multicolor imaging
  • +. The CDs were also found to be appropriate FL probes for imaging human colon cancer (HTC-116) cells. Recently, Lin et al. proposed a unique antimicrobial compound for the preservation of Atlantic mackerel by synthesizing antimicrobial CDs through a hydrothermal synthesis approach using food materials
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Published 05 Oct 2022

Biomimetic chitosan with biocomposite nanomaterials for bone tissue repair and regeneration

  • Se-Kwon Kim,
  • Sesha Subramanian Murugan,
  • Pandurang Appana Dalavi,
  • Sebanti Gupta,
  • Sukumaran Anil,
  • Gi Hun Seong and
  • Jayachandran Venkatesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1051–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.92

Graphical Abstract
  • were identified by fluorescence imaging. Cells adhered on nanofibers show a better cell phenotype, and this was corroborated by morphological characterisation via SEM [72] (Figure 6). Misra and colleagues developed chitosan–graphene nanocomposite scaffolds that modify cell–scaffold interactions
  • modelling and clinical imaging of the scaffolds will assist in the establishment of its micro- and nanoarchitecture, which will aid in the regulation and activation of the immune system for bone tissue repair and regeneration. Conclusion Chitosan is a naturally occurring biopolymer with appropriate
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Published 29 Sep 2022

Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction activity of AgCoCu oxides on reduced graphene oxide in alkaline media

  • Iyyappan Madakannu,
  • Indrajit Patil,
  • Bhalchandra Kakade and
  • Kasibhatta Kumara Ramanatha Datta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1020–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.89

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  • nanostructures. Also, upon increasing the Ag fraction in the sample, the dispersion of the trimetallic assembly considerably increases, which is clearly reflected in Figure S3c–e, Supporting Information File 1. The importance of the rGO support is further evident from the imaging of supportless the ACC-2* sample
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Published 26 Sep 2022

Interaction between honeybee mandibles and propolis

  • Leonie Saccardi,
  • Franz Brümmer,
  • Jonas Schiebl,
  • Oliver Schwarz,
  • Alexander Kovalev and
  • Stanislav Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 958–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.84

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  • “propolis bees”. Imaging and structural studies Bee mandibles were prepared and subsequently examined with binoculars, a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and a confocal 3D laser scanning microscope in order to identify anatomy and surface structure. Anatomy of the honeybee mandible Mandibles of all
  • thus analysed using various imaging methods. Anatomy of the bee mandible The anatomy of the worker bee mandibles (Apis mellifera) was studied using a binocular microscope and SEM on acetone-cleaned specimens. Mandibles have a strong stem at the proximal end and a concave, spoon-shaped tip at the distal
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Published 14 Sep 2022

Comparing the performance of single and multifrequency Kelvin probe force microscopy techniques in air and water

  • Jason I. Kilpatrick,
  • Emrullah Kargin and
  • Brian J. Rodriguez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 922–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.82

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  • cantilever) at a given frequency to the noise at that frequency. Furthermore, we use the conventional definition of whereby SNR = 1 [2][53][56][57][58][59]. The desire to take advantage of the SNR enhancement on eigenmodes of the cantilever have led to the adoption of a number of imaging strategies [10
  • ]. The regulation of tip–sample distance in KPFM imaging is generally performed by employing a feedback loop that maintains the mechanical oscillation amplitude of the cantilever at the fundamental eigenmode, ω1, at a fixed value. This precludes simultaneous measurement of electrostatic forces on this
  • match the mean tip–sample distance of the lever during the mechanical imaging pass, topography and potential can be correlated. (2) Sideband modes – here the electrical signal, ωe, is applied as a low frequency (ωe ≪ ω1) such that the electrical and mechanical drive, ωm, form mixing products ωm ± ωe
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Published 12 Sep 2022

DNA aptamer selection and construction of an aptasensor based on graphene FETs for Zika virus NS1 protein detection

  • Nathalie B. F. Almeida,
  • Thiago A. S. L. Sousa,
  • Viviane C. F. Santos,
  • Camila M. S. Lacerda,
  • Thais G. Silva,
  • Rafaella F. Q. Grenfell,
  • Flavio Plentz and
  • Antero S. R. Andrade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 873–881, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.78

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  • with ethidium bromide and imaged using a UV transluminator (UVP BioDoc-It Imaging System). The PCR asymmetric product was used to carry out counterselections with NS1 proteins of DENV (serotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4) and YFV. The protocol described by Simmons et al. with the proteins immobilized on Nunc
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Published 02 Sep 2022

Hierachical epicuticular wax coverage on leaves of Deschampsia antarctica as a possible adaptation to severe environmental conditions

  • Elena V. Gorb,
  • Iryna A. Kozeretska and
  • Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 807–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.71

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  • . antarctica plant, which are usually exposed to the environment, using cryo scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) allowing for a high-resolution imaging of frozen and fractured samples in native condition, that is, without treatment in strong solvents, such as ethanol or acetone, usually needed in the
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Published 22 Aug 2022

Gelatin nanoparticles with tunable mechanical properties: effect of crosslinking time and loading

  • Agnes-Valencia Weiss,
  • Daniel Schorr,
  • Julia K. Metz,
  • Metin Yildirim,
  • Saeed Ahmad Khan and
  • Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 778–787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.68

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  • varied providing colloidally stable and soft particles. This is in contrast to the aforementioned investigations, where the particle stiffness could not be influenced by the preparation, but only increased through particle aging after a storage period. Quantitative imaging (QI™-mode) was used for the
  • size distribution. The zeta potential of FITC-dextran-loaded particles was slightly increased in comparison to the unloaded ones, which can be due to a slightly lower crosslinking rate. Sizes, PdI, and zeta potential of all formulations are listed in Table 1. Particle imaging in the QI™-mode allowed to
  • actual sensitivity and the spring constant of the used cantilever were calibrated on a cleaned silica wafer by the thermal noise method by Hutter et al. [27] using a correction factor of 0.251. The data was acquired using the quantitative imaging mode (QI™) with image sizes of 5 × 5 µm and a resolution
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Published 16 Aug 2022

Recent advances in nanoarchitectures of monocrystalline coordination polymers through confined assembly

  • Lingling Xia,
  • Qinyue Wang and
  • Ming Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 763–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.67

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  • are within the length range from 1 to 10 μm, the whole structure of the composites cannot be imaged well by electron microscopy or X-ray based imaging techniques. Second, time-resolved structural changes of the nanoarchitectonics are hard to be observed because of the complex processing environment
  • single crystals involving the generation of Cu2L4 SBU and its fragmentation into CuL2. Figure 1c was reprinted from [97], Chem, vol. 8, by J. Han et al., “Determining factors in the growth of MOF single crystals unveiled by in situ interface imaging”, pages 1637-1657, Copyright (2022), with permission
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Published 12 Aug 2022

Direct measurement of surface photovoltage by AC bias Kelvin probe force microscopy

  • Masato Miyazaki,
  • Yasuhiro Sugawara and
  • Yan Jun Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 712–720, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.63

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  • sufficiently fast (of the order of nanoseconds) [46][49] compared with the modulation frequency of 100 Hz. Thus, we confirmed that the SPV signal of AC-KPFM agreed with the present theory described above. Next, we performed AC-KPFM imaging to directly obtain the SPV distribution. Figure 3a shows the AFM image
  • . Circles and solid lines are experimental data and fit results, respectively. AC-KPFM imaging for SPV measurement. (a) Topographic and (b) SPV images of TiO2(110) surface. (c) SPV profile along the blue line in (b). The acquisition parameters are fm = 100 Hz, Δf = −80 Hz, VDC = −0.3 V, and an imaging size
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Published 25 Jul 2022

Tunable high-quality-factor absorption in a graphene monolayer based on quasi-bound states in the continuum

  • Jun Wu,
  • Yasong Sun,
  • Feng Wu,
  • Biyuan Wu and
  • Xiaohu Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 675–681, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.59

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  • linear dispersion of the Dirac fermions [36]. These features proposed for graphene enable novel active devices, including modulators [37], perfect absorbers [38][39], imaging devices [40], detectors [41], waveguides [42][43], polarizers [44], and electromagnetic chirality devices [45]. The strength of
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Published 19 Jul 2022

Fabrication and testing of polymer microneedles for transdermal drug delivery

  • Vahid Ebrahiminejad,
  • Zahra Faraji Rad,
  • Philip D. Prewett and
  • Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 629–640, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.55

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  • insertion velocity of 1.5–4.5 m/s (Figure 2b). MN arrays were attached to the applicators’ plungers with double-sided tape and applied to the skin. The skin samples were then tape-stripped to remove the SC layer of skin before imaging. Stereomicroscopy was then performed using a Nikon SMZ-18 microscope to
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Published 08 Jul 2022

Quantitative dynamic force microscopy with inclined tip oscillation

  • Philipp Rahe,
  • Daniel Heile,
  • Reinhard Olbrich and
  • Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 610–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.53

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  • Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a quantitative technique that allows for probing the force field above a surface in one, two, or three dimensions. While imaging in a plane parallel to the surface provides nanoscale and atomic structural information [1], force curves, usually acquired along a recording
  • acquisition with an inclined tip sampling path requires modifications of the experimental procedures and data analysis protocols for force measurements to avoid systematic errors in the interpretation of force curve and imaging data. Results and Discussion Sensor positioning, sensor displacement, and tip
  • function of the tip position that is usually described in Cartesian coordinates with the origin placed in the sample surface and the z-axis with unit vector oriented perpendicular to the surface as shown in Figure 1. Lateral movements of the tip as applied for imaging are associated with the x and y axes
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Published 06 Jul 2022

Sodium doping in brookite TiO2 enhances its photocatalytic activity

  • Boxiang Zhuang,
  • Honglong Shi,
  • Honglei Zhang and
  • Zeqian Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 599–609, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.52

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  • wafer pasted on an aluminum sample holder by a carbon conducting resin. The EDX spectra were acquired from individual morphologies or grains in the samples. Electron diffraction and high-resolution imaging experiments were carried out on a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (JEOL JEM-2100
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Published 05 Jul 2022

A new method for obtaining the magnetic shape anisotropy directly from electron tomography images

  • Cristian Radu,
  • Ioana D. Vlaicu and
  • Andrei C. Kuncser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 590–598, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.51

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  • , X-ray diffraction, magnetometry [4], transmission/scanning electron imaging [5][6], small-angle scattering techniques [7], dynamic light scattering, laser diffraction [8][9], resonant mass measurement, and spatial filter velocimetry. Each of these has certain features (i.e., ease of access, ease of
  • use, suitability for particular systems, and global or local information), which limit their practical use to specific types of physical systems. Apart from direct imaging techniques (optical, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy), there are well-established indirect methods for the
  • better than the other is difficult to reason in the absence of certain a priori knowledge of the system. Direct imaging techniques provide the most accurate information regarding the morphology of a system, while direct and complete morphological information can be obtained only through 3D imaging [11
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Published 05 Jul 2022

Revealing local structural properties of an atomically thin MoSe2 surface using optical microscopy

  • Lin Pan,
  • Peng Miao,
  • Anke Horneber,
  • Alfred J. Meixner,
  • Pierre-Michel Adam and
  • Dai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 572–581, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.49

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  • -photon devices (MPD, MPD-PD-100-CTD) for optical imaging. The optical spectra are recorded using a spectrometer coupled with a thermoelectrically cooled charge-coupled device (CCD) camera (Acton SP 2500, Princeton Instruments). Raman and photoluminescence measurements Raman and photoluminescence
  • filters. The Raman and photoluminescence signals are collected by an avalanche photodiode (APD, SPCM-AQR-14, Perkin Elmer) for optical imaging. A spectrometer coupled with a liquid nitrogen-cooled CCD camera (Acton Research, SpectraPro 300i, Perkin Elmer) is used to obtain optical spectra. Preparation and
  • pressure of 10−8 mbar, CuPc powder (Sensient Imaging Technologies SA) is evaporated from a resistively heated crucible. The nominal deposition rate (0.2–0.3 nm/min) is monitored by a quartz crystal micro balance. A commercial optical microscope (MX50, Olympus) is used to obtain the bright-field optical
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Published 01 Jul 2022

Effects of substrate stiffness on the viscoelasticity and migration of prostate cancer cells examined by atomic force microscopy

  • Xiaoqiong Tang,
  • Yan Zhang,
  • Jiangbing Mao,
  • Yuhua Wang,
  • Zhenghong Zhang,
  • Zhengchao Wang and
  • Hongqin Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 560–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.47

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  • unclear how mechanical properties regulate the cellular response to the environmental matrix. In this study, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and laser confocal imaging were used to qualitatively evaluate the relationship between substrate stiffness and migration of prostate cancer (PCa) cells. Cells
  • elastography, whose imaging is based on the differences in stiffness between the lesion and the adjacent healthy tissue. It was found that an external environment with a high stiffness value promotes PC-3 cell migration and proliferation by inducing yes-associated protein and tafazzin (YAP/TAZ) nuclear
  • properties of the cells themselves has not been discussed in detail. In this study, polyacrylamide hydrogel substrates with different stiffness values (3–35 kPa) were prepared to simulate the stiffness of normal and prostate cancer tissues [21][22][23]. Combined with confocal microscopic imaging techniques
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Published 28 Jun 2022
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