Organoclay hybrid materials as precursors of porous ZnO/silica-clay heterostructures for photocatalytic applications

• Marwa Akkari,
• Pilar Aranda,
• Abdessalem Ben Haj Amara and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1971–1982, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.188

• diffractometer using monochromatic Cu Kα radiation, scanning from 2 to 70° in 2θ degrees with steps of 0.02 degrees. The average size of the crystallites was calculated by using the Debye–Scherrer formula [33]. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed in a Bruker IFS 260 66v/S

3D printing of mineral–polymer bone substitutes based on sodium alginate and calcium phosphate

• Aleksey A. Egorov,
• Alexander Yu. Fedotov,
• Anton V. Mironov,
• Vladimir S. Komlev,
• Vladimir K. Popov and
• Yury V. Zobkov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1794–1799, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.172

• transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Both the phase composition and the diameter of the CP particles depend on the concentration of a liquid component (i.e., the “ink”). The 3D printed structures were fabricated and found to have large interconnected porous systems (mean

Surface-enhanced infrared absorption studies towards a new optical biosensor

• Lothar Leidner,
• Julia Stäb,
• Jennifer T. Adam and
• Günter Gauglitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1736–1742, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.166

• results are compared with a similar experiment performed with an ATR (attenuated total reflectance) set-up. Keywords: attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR); direct optical sensing; mid-infrared regime (MIR); reflectometric interference spectroscopy; surface

Antitumor magnetic hyperthermia induced by RGD-functionalized Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, in an experimental model of colorectal liver metastases

• Oihane K. Arriortua,
• Eneko Garaio,
• Borja Herrero de la Parte,
• Maite Insausti,
• Luis Lezama,
• Fernando Plazaola,
• Jose Angel García,
• Jesús M. Aizpurua,
• Maialen Sagartzazu,
• Mireia Irazola,
• Nestor Etxebarria,
• Ignacio García-Alonso,
• Alberto Saiz-López and
• José Javier Echevarria-Uraga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1532–1542, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.147

• can be found in the Experimental section below. Structural, morphologic and spectroscopic characterization In order to know the characteristics and the magnetic response of the nanoparticles, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), infrared spectroscopy (IR), dynamic light

Ammonia gas sensors based on In₂O₃/PANI hetero-nanofibers operating at room temperature

• Qingxin Nie,
• Zengyuan Pang,
• Hangyi Lu,
• Yibing Cai and
• Qufu Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1312–1321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.122

• morphology of In(NO3)3/PVP, In2O3/PANI composite nanofibers and pure PANI were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and current–voltage (I–V) measurements. The gas sensing properties

Multiwalled carbon nanotube hybrids as MRI contrast agents

• Nikodem Kuźnik and
• Mateusz M. Tomczyk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1086–1103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.102

• form (i.e., γ-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 in the hybrids with SPIO). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), supported again by TEM, were applied to monitor the effects of wrapping with organic moieties. Infrared spectroscopy has commonly been used to follow the

Large-scale fabrication of achiral plasmonic metamaterials with giant chiroptical response

• Morten Slyngborg,
• Yao-Chung Tsao and
• Peter Fojan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 914–925, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.83

• implementations in various fields such as optics [1], improved photovoltaic devices [2], electronics [3], surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy [4], Raman spectroscopy [5] and biosensors [6]. Planar chiral metamaterials (PCMs) have also attracted attention because of their negative refractive index [7][8] and

Efficient electron-induced removal of oxalate ions and formation of copper nanoparticles from copper(II) oxalate precursor layers

• Kai Rückriem,
• Sarah Grotheer,
• Henning Vieker,
• Paul Penner,
• André Beyer,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 852–861, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.77

• infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS). Helium ion microscopy (HIM) reveals the formation of spherical nanoparticles with well-defined size and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirms their metallic nature. Continued irradiation after depletion of oxalate does not lead to further particle growth giving

• between 4 and 16 to generate layers with different thickness and, consequently, metal content. Reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy Reflection absorption infrared (RAIR) spectra between 4000 and 500 cm−1 were recorded using an evacuated FTIR spectrometer (IFS 66v/S, Bruker Optics GmbH) by

• . A dwell time per pixel between 30 and 100 μs without averaging as well as 1 μs with averaging 64 lines was used. The HIM micrographs were recorded with pixel sizes between 0.49 and 0.98 nm. Results Reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy As described previously, the deposition of copper(II

Correlative infrared nanospectroscopic and nanomechanical imaging of block copolymer microdomains

• Benjamin Pollard and
• Markus B. Raschke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 605–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.53

• , hybrid imaging, near-field infrared spectroscopy, scanning probe microscopy; Introduction Functional soft-matter and polymer systems often exhibit novel phenomena due to nanoscale chemical heterogeneity and the resulting intermolecular interactions. Infrared vibrational scattering scanning near-field

Investigating organic multilayers by spectroscopic ellipsometry: specific and non-specific interactions of polyhistidine with NTA self-assembled monolayers

• Ilaria Solano,
• Pietro Parisse,
• Ornella Cavalleri,
• Federico Gramazio,
• Loredana Casalis and
• Maurizio Canepa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 544–553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.48

• information about molecular orientations in the SAM and about the SAM organization. Such properties should be probed through surface-sensitive infrared spectroscopy methods such as reflection–absorption infrared spectroscopy [56]. Nevertheless, the values of film thickness determined by SE and AFM testify the

Bacteriorhodopsin–ZnO hybrid as a potential sensing element for low-temperature detection of ethanol vapour

• Saurav Kumar,
• Sudeshna Bagchi,
• Senthil Prasad,
• Anupma Sharma,
• Ritesh Kumar,
• Rishemjit Kaur,
• Jagvir Singh and
• Amol P. Bhondekar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 501–510, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.44

• nonhybrid structures, as is evident from Figure 2c,d. The structural and optical properties of ZnO-TF, ZnO-NR and their hybrid structures were assessed using UV–vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Figure 3 shows the

Chemical bath deposition of textured and compact zinc oxide thin films on vinyl-terminated polystyrene brushes

• Nina J. Blumenstein,
• Caroline G. Hofmeister,
• Peter Lindemann,
• Cheng Huang,
• Johannes Baier,
• Andreas Leineweber,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Christof Wöll,
• Thomas Schimmel and
• Joachim Bill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 102–110, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.12

• measurements as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Infrared spectroscopy (IR) measurements were used to investigate the polystyrene brushes before and after modification. Keywords: bioinspired synthesis; polymer brush; template activation

• PS molecules that are grafted to a silicon wafer forming a very thin film. The obtained ZnO thin films, which were synthesized via chemical bath deposition (CBD) at 60 °C, were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), AFM and infrared spectroscopy (IR). Our

• . For each measurement point, four pressure ramps from 0 to 400 mbar were performed and the streaming current was measured. The ζ-potential was calculated with a Fairbrother–Mastin approach. Infrared spectroscopy IRRAS: The IRRA-spectra were recorded on a Bruker Vertex 80 purged with dry air under a

Fabrication and characterization of novel multilayered structures by stereocomplexion of poly(D-lactic acid)/poly(L-lactic acid) and self-assembly of polyelectrolytes

• Elena Dellacasa,
• Li Zhao,
• Gesheng Yang,
• Laura Pastorino and
• Gleb B. Sukhorukov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 81–90, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.10

• . Both multilayer structures, with and without polymeric precursor, were firstly fabricated and characterized on planar supports. A quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and ellipsometry were used to evaluate the thickness and

• , which only gave information about mass change [35]. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was used to verify the stereocomplex formation and its effective adsorption onto the polyelectrolyte precursor. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide X-ray

• substrate was completely dried, after each deposition step. ATR-FTIR measurements Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) spectra were obtained with a Bruker A225/Q device equipped with a Bruker MCT detector. Each spectrum was recorded with a total of 32 scans at a 4

Nanostructured surfaces by supramolecular self-assembly of linear oligosilsesquioxanes with biocompatible side groups

• Maria Nowacka,
• Anna Kowalewska and
• Tomasz Makowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2377–2387, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.244

• , citric acid, thioglycolic or acid). The adsorption of both silsesquioxane oligomers and organic primers was confirmed with attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy. The observed physiochemical and textural variations in the adsorbed materials correlate with the differences in the chemical

• force microscopy (AFM) and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) were used as analytic tools for the studies. The changes in the free surface energy of the prepared hydrophilic surfaces were also investigated for all LPSQ-COOH/X adsorbed on native and primed mica. The obtained

Plasma fluorination of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes: functionalization and thermal stability

• Claudia Struzzi,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Axel Hemberg,
• Luca Petaccia,
• Jean-François Colomer,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2263–2271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.232

• ][12][13][14][15]. A key characteristic of fluorine-based species is the different chemical interactions in carbon–fluorine bond formation [16][17]. Primarily covalent bonding occurs as a result of the plasma process, which is easily verified by different techniques such as Fourier transform infrared

• spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) [10][18][19]. Although a large number of fluorination strategies and characterization routes have been reported, the choice of the precursor gas is a crucial issue that should not be underestimated due to the risk of

Temperature-dependent breakdown of hydrogen peroxide-treated ZnO and TiO₂ nanoparticle agglomerates

• Sinan Sabuncu and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1897–1903, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.193

• stored at room temperature. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements FTIR analysis was performed using a Thermo Scientific, Nicolet iS50 FTIR instrument (Massachusetts, USA) in attenuated total reflectance mode with a diamond plate and ZnSe lens. The samples were dried at 90 °C on a

Radiation losses in the microwave K_u band in magneto-electric nanocomposites

• Talwinder Kaur,
• Sachin Kumar,
• Jyoti Sharma and
• A. K. Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1700–1707, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.173

• nanocomposites, namely La–Co-substituted barium hexaferrite and polyaniline, is presented. The study was performed by means of a vector network analyser, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electron spin resonance spectroscopy and a vibrating sample

• structural, magnetic and radiation absorbance properties of synthesized compounds have been investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro biocompatibility study of Au/TMC/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites as a promising, nontoxic system for biomedical applications

• Hanieh Shirazi,
• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Soheila Kashanian and
• Kobra Omidfar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1677–1689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.170

• , chitosan/TMC-containing, magnetic nanoparticles and their respective characterization using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy (UV–vis), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), a vibrating sample magnetometer

Heterometal nanoparticles from Ru-based molecular clusters covalently anchored onto functionalized carbon nanotubes and nanofibers

• Deborah Vidick,
• Xiaoxing Ke,
• Michel Devillers,
• Claude Poleunis,
• Arnaud Delcorte,
• Pietro Moggi,
• Gustaaf Van Tendeloo and
• Sophie Hermans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1287–1297, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.133

• that all remain on the support but might segregate into separate entities. This correlates with the fact that when analyzing the loading solutions after filtration using infrared spectroscopy, we usually find the unreacted (unloaded) cluster in its intact molecular form. The experimental XPS values are

Growth and morphological analysis of segmented AuAg alloy nanowires created by pulsed electrodeposition in ion-track etched membranes

• Ina Schubert,
• Loic Burr,
• Christina Trautmann and
• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1272–1280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.131

• EELS-TEM [45][61] and surface enhanced infrared spectroscopy measurements. CVs using an electrolyte containing 50 mM KAu(CN)2 (blue line), an electrolyte containing 50 mM KAg(CN)2 (red line) and a solution containing only 0.25 M Na2CO3 (black line) using as working electrode (a) a gold wire and (b) a

From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries

• Philipp Adelhelm,
• Pascal Hartmann,
• Conrad L. Bender,
• Martin Busche,
• Christine Eufinger and
• Juergen Janek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1016–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.105

• electron microscopy, single area electron diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy sodium peroxide (Na2O2) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) were proven as discharge products. These products vanished during charge with overpotentials exceeding 1 V similar to lithium–oxygen cells. Overall, the

Protein corona – from molecular adsorption to physiological complexity

• Lennart Treuel,
• Dominic Docter,
• Michael Maskos and
• Roland H. Stauber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 857–873, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.88

• techniques such as fluorescence spectroscopy [76][77], Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy [78], Raman spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) [36][79] as well as circular dichroism spectroscopy [6][47][53][80][81]. Also, other established techniques were used to study protein

Structural, optical, opto-thermal and thermal properties of ZnS–PVA nanofluids synthesized through a radiolytic approach

• Alireza Kharazmi,
• Nastaran Faraji,
• Roslina Mat Hussin,
• Elias Saion,
• W. Mahmood Mat Yunus and
• Kasra Behzad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 529–536, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.55

• investigate the physical and chemical properties of the samples. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to determine the chemical structure and bonding conditions of the final products, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for determining the shape morphology and average particle size

• effusivity of the samples, from which, for the first time, the values of specific heat and thermal diffusivity of the samples were then calculated. Keywords: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); specific heat; thermal conductivity; thermal effusivity; ZnS nanoparticles; Introduction Over the

• doses from 10 to 50 kGy. The chemical structure of samples were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (Perkin Elmer model 1650), the morphology of samples was observed by transmission electron microscopy (JOEL 2010F UHR) operated at 200 kV, the structure of the final products was

Conformal SiO₂ coating of sub-100 nm diameter channels of polycarbonate etched ion-track channels by atomic layer deposition

• Nicolas Sobel,
• Christian Hess,
• Manuela Lukas,
• Anne Spende,
• Bernd Stühn,
• M. E. Toimil-Molares and
• Christina Trautmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 472–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.48

• photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The hydrophilicity of SiO2-coated PC membranes was tested by contact angle measurements. Experimental Figure 1 displays schematically the three main steps involved in the fabrication of SiO2 coated track-etched membranes. These

Tunable white light emission by variation of composition and defects of electrospun Al₂O₃–SiO₂ nanofibers

• Jinyuan Zhou,
• Gengzhi Sun,
• Hao Zhao,
• Xiaojun Pan,
• Zhenxing Zhang,
• Yujun Fu,
• Yanzhe Mao and
• Erqing Xie

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 313–320, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.29

• -SEM, Hitachi S4800), transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEM 3000F, JOEL), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR, IFS66v/S, 400–4000 cm−1), and fluorescence spectroscopy (RF-540, Shi-Madzu) using a 15 mW, 325 nm, He–Cd laser (spot size of about 1 mm) in addition to a spectroscopy with a FLS