Atomic defect classification of the H–Si(100) surface through multi-mode scanning probe microscopy

• Jeremiah Croshaw,
• Thomas Dienel,
• Taleana Huff and
• Robert Wolkow

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1346–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.119

• STM images (Figure 2i-1,2,3) highlights the preferred tetrahedral bonding orientation of the saturating hydrogens of the Si, with the fourth bond affixing it to the side of the dimer beneath. The characteristic dark border in Figure 2i-1 and enhanced brightness in Figure 2i-2 are features commonly

Structural and electronic properties of SnO₂ doped with non-metal elements

• Jianyuan Yu,
• Yingeng Wang,
• Yan Huang,
• Xiuwen Wang,
• Jing Guo,
• Jingkai Yang and
• Hongli Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1321–1328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.116

• preferred orientation, optical properties, and electrical properties of SnO2 film are improved. Analysis of the electrical properties of SnO2 films doped with different non-metal elements showed that the resistance of SnO2 films doped with N was higher [6][7][8] than that of SnO2 doped with other elements

Growth of a self-assembled monolayer decoupled from the substrate: nucleation on-command using buffer layers

• Robby Reynaerts,
• Kunal S. Mali and
• Steven De Feyter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1291–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.113

• controlled nucleation experiments described below, also confirm the formation of the BA-OC14 islands on top of the buffer layer. The registry of the alkyl chains of BA-OC14 with the graphite lattice can be understood by considering the orientation of the BA-OC14 islands with respect to the n-C50 lamellae. As

Proximity effect in [Nb(1.5 nm)/Fe(x)]₁₀/Nb(50 nm) superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures

• Yury Khaydukov,
• Sabine Pütter,
• Laura Guasco,
• Roman Morari,
• Gideok Kim,
• Thomas Keller,
• Anatolie Sidorenko and
• Bernhard Keimer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1254–1263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.109

• Nb growth of (100) orientation on Al2O3() substrates was reported in [46]. The peculiarity of this growth, also seen in our samples, is an angle of approx. 3° between the above mentioned planes of Nb and Al2O3(). At TNb = 30 °C a transmission pattern (i.e., a regular arrangement of spots) and rings

Magnetic-field-assisted synthesis of anisotropic iron oxide particles: Effect of pH

• Andrey V. Shibaev,
• Petr V. Shvets,
• Darya E. Kessel,
• Roman A. Kamyshinsky,
• Anton S. Orekhov,
• Sergey S. Abramchuk,
• Alexei R. Khokhlov and
• Olga E. Philippova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1230–1241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.107

• . Fe3O4 nanorods were examined using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy proving that they are single-crystalline and do not have any preferred crystallographic orientation along the axis of the rods. According to the data obtained a growth mechanism was proposed for the rods that consists of

• bind to each other and position themselves in a column-like orientation, which gives a rod-like shape to the aggregate. Further recrystallization of the aggregates leads to the formation of single-crystal nanorods (Figure 7). The formation of single-crystal nanorods may be facilitated by the hexagonal

• the 2D electron diffractograms. The presence of rings but not point reflexes is consistent with the size of nanoparticles being smaller than the diameter of the illuminated area (2 μm) and with their random orientation. Data obtained from the radial-averaged diffraction pattern (Figure 5, Table 1

Influence of the magnetic nanoparticle coating on the magnetic relaxation time

• Mihaela Osaci and
• Matteo Cacciola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1207–1216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.105

• the particle) and Brown relaxation (an external phenomenon driven by the rotation of the nanoparticle along the magnetic moment). Both internal and external sources of friction lead to a delay in the orientation of the particle magnetic moment in the direction of the applied magnetic field, thus

Hybridization vs decoupling: influence of an h-BN interlayer on the physical properties of a lander-type molecule on Ni(111)

• Maximilian Schaal,
• Takumi Aihara,
• Marco Gruenewald,
• Felix Otto,
• Jari Domke,
• Roman Forker,
• Hiroyuki Yoshida and
• Torsten Fritz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1168–1177, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.101

• cell rotation with respect to the primitive substrate vector (see Table 1). For this reason, we find that the molecules adopt a similar herringbone arrangement (rectangular unit cell with a basis of two molecules with different azimuthal orientation) on h-BN/Ni(111). This structural model was verified

Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy of rubrene on clean and graphene-covered metal surfaces

• Karl Rothe,
• Alexander Mehler,
• Nicolas Néel and
• Jörg Kröger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1157–1167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.100

• . A template effect of graphene or a moiré lattice on the molecular assembly was not identified. Merely the orientation of the tetracene backbone perpendicular to a graphene crystallographic direction was observed. A finite residual coupling of the molecule to graphene-covered Pt(111) is likewise

Revealing the local crystallinity of single silicon core–shell nanowires using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Marius van den Berg,
• Ardeshir Moeinian,
• Arne Kobald,
• Yu-Ting Chen,
• Anke Horneber,
• Steffen Strehle,
• Alfred J. Meixner and
• Dai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1147–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.99

• popular method to investigate structural properties of silicon samples [16][17]. Mizoguchi et al. [18] and Hopkins et al. [19] utilized it to show the influence of stress on the crystal lattice orientation angles and to determine the degree of surface roughness. Kolb et al. measured the lattice

• grains with different orientation. Furthermore, catalyst migration along the SiNW backbone was observed in some cases (Figure 1c). Although the SiNWs grown by the VLS mechanism possess are crystalline, the silicon shells deposited onto the nanowires by thermal CVD (here using a temperature of 520 °C) can

Highly sensitive detection of estradiol by a SERS sensor based on TiO₂ covered with gold nanoparticles

• Andrea Brognara,
• Ili F. Mohamad Ali Nasri,
• Beatrice R. Bricchi,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay,
• Matteo Ghidelli and
• Nathalie Lidgi-Guigui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1026–1035, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.87

• orientation on the surface [31]. The MCH solution was prepared in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution mixed with 10 mM MgCl2. The concentration of MCH was constant at 14.6 μM. The samples were rinsed three times with PBS and reverse osmosis water (RO water) to remove any unbound or excess molecules after

Gas-sensing features of nanostructured tellurium thin films

• Dumitru Tsiulyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1010–1018, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.85

• predominant growth orientation of the nanocrystals. As a counter example, the XRD pattern of a Te film grown on Al2O3 substrates with a higher deposition rate ≈30 nm/s (Figure 2B, adapted from [27]) only shows two weak Te peaks (ASTM, 4-554). These type of films are considered amorphous. It should also be

Electrochemical nanostructuring of (111) oriented GaAs crystals: from porous structures to nanowires

• Elena I. Monaico,
• Eduard V. Monaico,
• Veaceslav V. Ursaki,
• Shashank Honnali,
• Vitalie Postolache,
• Karin Leistner,
• Kornelius Nielsch and
• Ion M. Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 966–975, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.81

• with diameters of about 50 nm and oriented normally to a InP wafer, i.e., along the crystallographic [100] orientation, was obtained after anodic etching at elevated applied voltages [14]. High-aspect-ratio GaAs pillar arrays with triangular cross section were prepared by combining colloidal crystal

• in aqueous KOH solution [17]. However, this process was difficult to control. The bundles of GaAs nanowires were formed only in some regions of the surface and the orientation of the arrays was basically random. Usually, acidic or alcaline electrolytes are used for the electrochemical preparation of

• surface orientation, with an angle of approximately 109° between the pores. The pores tend to have a triangular cross section while the pore walls and tips exhibit a pronounced crystallographic anisotropy. A specific characteristic feature of crystallographically oriented pores is their ability to

A 3D-polyphenylalanine network inside porous alumina: Synthesis and characterization of an inorganic–organic composite membrane

• Jonathan Stott and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 938–951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.78

• outer and inner surface become observable. At the outer surface, the rod-shaped structures show an increase of thickness and the orientation of their main axis remain plane-parallel to the surface of the corundum particles. This is in contrast to the morphology of the polymer films at the inner surface

• -opening polymerization of PA-NCA (grafting to process). 96 mg (0.5 mmol) of PA-NCA was dissolved in 5 mL (total volume) of the corresponding solvent mixture composed of THF or DCM in a homemade flask, which allows orientation of the ALOX-membranes in an upright position during polymerization. Under inert

• , 4256 m, 4056 s, 4040 s cm−1. Synthesis of polyphenylalanine. 96 mg (0.5 mmol) of PA-NCA was dissolved in 5 mL of anhydrous THF or anhydrous DCM in a homemade flask, which allows orientation of the ALOX-membranes in an upright position during polymerization. 50 µL of a 100 mM solution of n-butylamine in

Three-dimensional solvation structure of ethanol on carbonate minerals

• Hagen Söngen,
• Ygor Morais Jaques,
• Peter Spijker,
• Christoph Marutschke,
• Stefanie Klassen,
• Ilka Hermes,
• Ralf Bechstein,
• Lidija Zivanovic,
• John Tracey,
• Adam S. Foster and
• Angelika Kühnle

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 891–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.74

• obtained to date. Furthermore, no information on the interfacial orientation and binding configuration has been collected experimentally. Here, we report on high-resolution 3D AFM data that reveals both the lateral and the vertical solvation structure at the calcite–ethanol interface in a single data set

Simulations of the 2D self-assembly of tripod-shaped building blocks

• Łukasz Baran,
• Wojciech Rżysko and
• Edyta Słyk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 884–890, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.73

• diffraction pattern (or any other orientation-dependent function) from that. Unfortunately, in this particular case, the number of molecules, hence also the number of central segments, was too low to obtain satisfactory statistics. Let us now proceed to asymmetrical tripod building blocks. Figure 4 shows

Transition from freestanding SnO₂ nanowires to laterally aligned nanowires with a simulation-based experimental design

• Jasmin-Clara Bürger,
• Sebastian Gutsch and
• Margit Zacharias

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 843–853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.69

• smaller than for freestanding NWs. When the growth of laterally aligned NWs has been reported, it is commonly explained to be based on the lattice orientation of the NWs towards the crystal lattice of the substrate [15][16]. However, note that this argument is generally also used for the tilted growth of

Adsorption behavior of tin phthalocyanine onto the (110) face of rutile TiO₂

• Lukasz Bodek,
• Mads Engelund,
• Aleksandra Cebrat and
• Bartosz Such

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 821–828, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.67

• orientation. To fill this gap in knowledge, here, we report room-temperature (RT) and low-temperature (LT) STM-based studies of the adsorption of nonplanar tin phthalocyanine (SnPc) molecules a rutile (110)-1 × 1 surface of TiO2. SnPc molecules appear on such a surface in two flat-lying geometries defined by

• structure in the center of the molecule is well reproduced in the simulated image including the relative intensities of different parts of the molecule. The change in orientation of SnPc molecules on the TiO2(110) surface from Sn-up to Sn-down described in the previous paragraph is induced by thermal energy

• optimal position. In the case of SnPc, the interaction is mainly concentrated in the central area of the molecule. The orientation of the molecule on the surface reflects the accommodation to the corrugated morphology of the substrate and is directed by weak physical forces. Consequently, the energy gain

Templating effect of single-layer graphene supported by an insulating substrate on the molecular orientation of lead phthalocyanine

• K. Priya Madhuri,
• Abhay A. Sagade,
• Pralay K. Santra and
• Neena S. John

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 814–820, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.66

• Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India 10.3762/bjnano.11.66 Abstract The influence of single-layer graphene on top of a SiO2/Si surface on the orientation of nonplanar lead phthalocyanine (PbPc) molecules is studied using two-dimensional grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. The studies

• specific device applications. Keywords: conducting atomic force microscopy (C-AFM); lead phthalocyanine (PbPc); molecular orientation; single-layer graphene; substrate effect; two-dimensional grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (2D-GIXRD); Introduction Organic semiconductors have been extensively used in

• oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) or SiO2, it has been reported that CuPc attains different orientations resulting in substantial differences in donor–acceptor energy level alignment at the interface. Thus, ordering and orientation of these molecules significantly affect charge carrier injection and

Hexagonal boron nitride: a review of the emerging material platform for single-photon sources and the spin–photon interface

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Faraz A. Inam,
• Shin-ichiro Sato and
• Alberto Boretti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 740–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.61

• miscellaneous transition rates for the optical and non-radiative transitions of the emitters. The SPEs show a very good photo-stability under ambient conditions and in monolayers. A correlation between the defect orientation and the h-BN hexagonal structure is observed by studying the excitation polarization

Quantitative determination of the interaction potential between two surfaces using frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy

• Nicholas Chan,
• Carrie Lin,
• Tevis Jacobs,
• Robert W. Carpick and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 729–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.60

• appear different as a result of the angle variation when mounting the probe into the TEM holder. This variation is exacerbated by residual glue that is present on the cantilever chip following the experiments. These factors prevent reproducible orientation of the tip apex when acquiring TEM images before

Electromigration-induced directional steps towards the formation of single atomic Ag contacts

• Atasi Chatterjee,
• Christoph Tegenkamp and
• Herbert Pfnür

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 680–687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.55

• linear relationship between A and g (Δg = πΔA). If we ignore for the moment the different orientation of grains – for a justification, see below – and assume that only a single contact is thinned at a time, we can use a previously developed argumentation [21][31] about the preferential direction of

• materials like Ag, grain boundaries occur mostly because of the different orientation of nanocrystals. Since the elastic strain energy strongly increases with angular misfit, small-angle grain boundaries are the most likely ones. Thus, most contact areas are not far from (stepped) high-symmetry crystal

• peak at 0.6. Strong peaks below 0.5 again correspond to instabilities between other metastable configurations. On the other hand, a noticeable difference between Figure 3 and Figure 5 is that the contribution from the [111] orientation is absent in Figure 5. There is no peak above noise level at 1.3

Exfoliation in a low boiling point solvent and electrochemical applications of MoO₃

• Matangi Sricharan,
• Bikesh Gupta,
• Sreejesh Moolayadukkam and
• H. S. S. Ramakrishna Matte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 662–670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.52

• favorable matching of the exfoliation and stabilization energies between the solvent and the MoO3 nanosheets. It has been theoretically reported that apart from the matching of HSP values, factors such as the structure of the solvent, its bulkiness and its re-orientation on the exfoliated nanosheets are

Observation of unexpected uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in La_2/3Sr_1/3MnO₃ films by a BaTiO₃ overlayer in an artificial multiferroic bilayer

• John E. Ordóñez,
• Lorena Marín,
• Luis A. Rodríguez,
• Pedro A. Algarabel,
• José A. Pardo,
• Roger Guzmán,
• Luis Morellón,
• César Magén,
• Etienne Snoeck,
• María E. Gómez and
• Manuel R. Ibarra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 651–661, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.51

• two figures showing magnetization hysteresis loops performed in the BTO/LSMO/STO bilayer to prove that the magnetization easy axis has an in-plane orientation and the in-plane [εxx and fa] vertical strain profile that covers the entire thickness of the BTO layer. Supporting Information File 10

Formation of nanoripples on ZnO flat substrates and nanorods by gas cluster ion bombardment

• Xiaomei Zeng,
• Vasiliy Pelenovich,
• Bin Xing,
• Rakhim Rakhimov,
• Wenbin Zuo,
• Alexander Tolstogouzov,
• Chuansheng Liu,
• Dejun Fu and
• Xiangheng Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 383–390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.29

• , suggesting a small influence of the sort of material or the crystal orientation of the substrate on the ripple formation. Recently, Saleem et al. have proposed to use the nanoripple structures formed by GCIB for plasmonic and biomolecular sensing applications [16][17]. In all above-mentioned studies planar

• direction of the wave vector k of the ripples is not parallel to the nanorod axis. Hence, it can be concluded that in the case of low energy and fluence the ripple formation is controlled by the orientation of the ion incidence projection on the facet surface under irradiation, analogously to the flat

• substrates. As accelerating voltage and fluence increase (Figure 5c–f) a new effect can be observed. Now all ripples are perpendicular to the nanorod axes (the wave vector is parallel to the axes) independently of the orientation of ion incidence projection on the facet. Thus, the ripple formation is now

Interactions at the cell membrane and pathways of internalization of nano-sized materials for nanomedicine

• Valentina Francia,
• Daphne Montizaan and
• Anna Salvati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 338–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.25

• the targeting ligand to its receptor [30]. Moreover, it is difficult to control the targeting ligand density and its orientation. Both factors are important for the recognition by cell receptors and can affect cellular uptake [31][32]. Several reviews have summarized these and other similar challenges

• interact with the cell membrane with different orientation. Thus, depending on the orientation when interacting with the cell membrane, the contact area between the nano-sized object and the cell surface differs. It is thought that in these cases different mechanisms are then triggered based on the

• orientation of the nanoparticles [134][150]. This might, at least in part, explain why multiple pathways seem to be involved in the uptake of non-spherical nanomaterials. Nanoparticle rigidity: Recently, there is a high interest in the effect of the rigidity of nanoparticles on the interactions at cellular